Korea’s aging rural workforce has led to serious labor shortages in chrysanthemum production, where approximately 90%–95% of growers still rely on conventional soil-based methods. Although sensor-driven automated irrigation is emerging as a labor-saving, resource-efficient technology, its use in soil-grown floricultural crops remains limited. This study assessed the suitability of soil moisture sensors for automated irrigation in the standard-type chrysanthemum “Baekgang”. Plants were cultivated in two soil-based greenhouses in Busan. Environmental conditions, including air temperature, humidity, vapor pressure deficit, and photosynthetic photon flux density, were recorded. Soil conditions were measured using FDR sensors (VWC and EC) and matric potential sensors, installed at a depth of 5 cm. Flowering quality was evaluated after the first harvest. Despite similar atmospheric conditions, soil water dynamics differed notably between farms. VWC averaged 23% in Farm A and 26% in Farm B, with fluctuations of ~6% and ~7%, respectively. Matric potential varied more widely, with range values of 32.6 kPa in Farm A and 51.2 kPa in Farm B, which reflects greater sensitivity to soil moisture changes. Farm A maintained stable moisture and lower EC, whereas Farm B experienced over-irrigation due to a high EC level of 8.25 mS·cm-1. These differences significantly reduced flower quality in Farm B, producing smaller capitulum (flower head) and thinner peduncles compared with flowers from Farm A. These findings demonstrate that matric potential sensors provide higher-resolution soil moisture data compared with VWC sensors. Therefore, combining matric potential and EC sensors is recommended for precise irrigation management in soil-based chrysanthemum production.

본 연구의 목적은 로봇 제작 프로그램이 초등 저학년의 사회성 향상에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 연구 대상은 U시의 J교육원에서 또래관 계의 어려움을 경험하고 있는 초등학교 저학년을 대상으로 하였다. 아동 과 보호자의 동의를 받은 최종 20명을 실험집단 10명, 통제집단 10명으 로 구성하였다. 실험집단에게는 로봇 제작 프로그램을 주 2회(회기 당 60분) 총 12회기를 실시하였으며, 실험·통제집단 모두에게 프로그램 효 과성을 검증하기 위해 사회성 검사를 프로그램 전후로 실시하고, 프로그 램 종료 후 4주 뒤에 추후 검사를 통해 효과의 지속성을 확인하였다. 로 봇 제작 프로그램을 실시한 결과 실험집단의 사회성이 향상되었으며 프 로그램 종결 후에도 효과가 지속되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 로봇 제 작 프로그램으로 아동의 사회성 향상을 위한 다양한 연구와 교육 현장과 보건복지부의 지원 사업 중 아동의 정서 및 심리의 문제를 해결할 수 있 는 프로그램으로 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

본 연구는 초등학교 저학년의 체스 교육을 통해 경험한 변화를 심층적 으로 분석하고 탐구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 2024년 7월 1 일부터 7월 20일까지 Giorgi의 현상학적 방법을 적용하여 U시의 J교육 원에서 체스 교육을 받은 초등학교 저학년 8명을 대상으로 심층면담을 하였다. 심층 면담 시 녹음한 내용을 전사하여 분석하였다. 자료 분석결 과는 본질적 주제 8개와 구성요소 15개 의미단위 77개로 도출되었다. 본 질적 주제 8개는 “도전의식”, “문제해결”, “사회성”, “성취감”, “자기표 현”, “자신감”, “지구력”, “집중력”이며, 구성요소 15개는 “새로운 도전”, “재도전”, “열정”, “문제해결”, “가족관계”, “또래관계”, “관계에서의 성 취감”, “대회에서의 성취감”, “감정표현”, “자기조절”, “자기주장”, “경험 에서의 자신감”, “학습에서의 자신감”, “지구력”, “집중력”이다. 본 연구 는 체스 교육이 초등학교 저학년에게 미치는 교육적 가치를 확인하며, 장기적인 효과를 검증하기 위한 지속적인 연구와 양적 연구의 필요성을 제시한다. 이러한 연구는 체스 교육이 초등학생의 사회성, 집중력, 문제 해결능력 등을 촉진하는 중요한 도구로 자리매김하는 데 기여할 것이다.

표면발현(surface-display system)은 세포 또는 바이러스 표면에 목적 단백질을 고정하여 발현시킴으로써 목적 단백질에 대하여 독립적인 공간 구조 및 생물학적 활성을 부여하는 단백질 공학 기술이다. 또한 이를 이용하여 높은 중화항체 유도 및 대량생산이 가능한 삼량체의 형태로 항원 단백질의 발현 또한 가능하다. BES(baculovirus expression system)에서의 표면발현 기술은 번역 후 수정과정 및 복잡한 구조의 다양한 단백질의 발현이 가능하기 에 다른 숙주 기반 시스템보다 효율적이라고 보고되고 있다. 그러나 목적 단백질 외의 다른 표면 단백질과 발현 공간에서의 경쟁으로 목적 단백질의 낮은 생산량이 큰 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. 따라서, 이러한 BES에서 표면 발현의 생산 효율을 증대시키기 위하여, 동일한 표면 공간에 대한 단백질 간의 발현 경쟁에 대해 실험적으로 확인 후, 그를 해결하기 위하여 표면발현에 최적인 목적 단백질 발현을 위한 프로모터 선발 실험을 수행하였다. 이를 통해 BES에서 표면발현에 의한 목적 단백질의 생산 효율을 증대시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.

Minuartia laricina (L.) Mattf. is a Korean native plant with high potential as a commercial flowering potted plant due to its compactness and long flowering duration. However, because this plant is a groundcover, it is susceptible to lodging and leggy growth. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of plant growth retardants (PGRs) on the inhibition of stem elongation and flowering characteristics of M. laricina. Commercial products, Trimmit, Cycocel, and B-Nine, were used for the exogenous PGR application of paclobutrazol (PBZ), chlormequat chloride (CCC), and daminozide (DMZ), respectively. Application concentrations were 50 and 100 mg·L-1 for PBZ; 100, 500, and 1,000 mg･L-1 for CCC; and 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg·L-1 for DMZ. Paclobutrazol was the only PGR that inhibited stem elongation. The stem lengths of the plants treated with 50 or 100 mg·L-1 PBZ were 2.2 cm (13%) or 9.8 cm (57%) shorter, respectively, than those of the control. 50 mg·L-1 PBZ retarded stem growth effectively without negatively affecting flowering or other growth parameters, whereas 100 mg·L-1 PBZ caused excessive dwarfing and significantly reduced flowering by 59%. CCC and DMZ applications were ineffective for growth control. Flowering time was accelerated with most PGRs, except for 2,000 mg·L-1 DMZ, reducing the time to flowering by 2–8 days. These results indicate that the stem growth of M. laricina was successfully inhibited with PBZ but not with CCC or DMZ. Thus, we concluded that a single application of 50 mg·L-1 PBZ or similar treatment is effective in miniaturizing M. laricina without causing harm to its growth or aesthetic value, such as the flower number. Additionally, because CCC and DMZ are not persistent in the growing medium, testing multiple application times for these PGRs is crucial.

본 연구는 기존에 절화용으로 개발되지 않았던 벼룩이울타리를 절화로써의 가치와 가능성을 증명함으로써 새로운 관상식물로 개발하기 위해 수행되었다. 실험은 온도, 보존용액, 절화 수명연장제에 따른 절화 벼룩이울타리의 영향을 구명하고자 절화수명, 수분흡수량, 생체중을 조사하였다. 수확 후 절화는 4, 15, 20, 25°C의 온도 조건에 따른 영향력과 1, 3% sucrose 와 8-hydroxqui-noline sulfate(8-HQS) 10, 50, 100mg･L-1 혼 용보존용액, 절화수명연장제 Chrysal와 Floarlife을 처리하였다. 저장 온도에 따른 실험 결과, 절화 벼룩이울타리는 저온 (4°C)에서의 저장에서의 절화수명이 대조구(7.8일)보다 29일 연장되었다. 온도가 낮을수록 절화의 품질과 수명에 가장 효과적이었다. sucrose와 8-HQS의 효과 확인을 위해 가장 낮은 농도의 당과 살균제를 혼용한 1% sucrose+8-HQS 10mg･L-1를 제외한 나머지 3개의 보존용액 대조구(6.5±0.5일)에 비하여 절화수명이 약 2주 연장되었다. 또한, 절화수명연장제 Chrysal 과 Floarlife는 sucrose와 8-HQS의 혼용보존용액과 절화수명에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 한편, 모든 실험 조건에서 수분흡수량과 생체중의 급격한 감소는 절화수명의 단축됨과 연관이 있다는 것을 확인하였다.

In the design of a spent-fuel (SF) storage, the consideration of burnup credit brings the benefits in safety and economic views. According to it, various SF burnup measurement systems have been developed to estimate high fidelity burnup credit, such as FORK and SMOPY. Recently, there are a few attempts to localize the SF burnup measurement system in South Korea. For the localization of SF burnup measurement systems, it is very important to build the isotope inventory data base (DB) of various kinds of SFs. In this study, we performed DeCART2D/MASTER core follow calculations and McCARD single fuel assembly (FA) burnup analyses for Hanbit unit 3 and confirmed the characteristic of the isotope inventory over burnup. Firstly, the core follow calculations for Cycles 1~7 were performed using DeCART2D/MASTER code system. The core follow calculation is very realistic and practical because it considers the design conditions from its nuclear design report (NDR). Secondly, the Monte Carlo burnup analyses for single FAs were conducted by the McCARD Monte Carlo (MC) transport code. The McCARD code can utilize continuous energy cross section library and treat complex geometric information for particle transport simulation. Accordingly, the McCARD code can provide accurate solutions for burnup analyses without approximations, but it needs huge computing resources and time burden to perform whole-core follow calculations. Therefore, we will confirm the effectiveness of the single McCARD FA burnup analyses by comparing the DeCART2D/MASTER core follow results with the McCARD solution. From the results, the use of single FA burnup analyses for the establishment of the DBs will be justified. Various FAs, that have different 235U enrichments and loading pattern of fuel rods and burnable absorbers, were considered for the burnup analyses. In addition, the results of the sensitivity analyses for power density, initial enrichment, and cooling time will be presented.

Background : The roots of Curcuma longa Radix is used to make herbal medicine, which is registrated in the Korean Pharmacopoeia. This species is a perennial herb, and is distributed throughout tropical and/or sub tropical regions. High temperature and humidity with small difference between daytime and nighttime is the finest environment condition in this species. Recently, demand for C. longa has been expanded to cultivation area as central region from southern region. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of harvest time on the growth, yield characteristics and main composition contents in C. longa. Methods and Results : Curcuma longa rhizomes were harvested from farmland in Jindo, Jeollanam-do in end October, early November, middle November, end November, early December, middle December and end December 2015. Harvested rhizome were dried in hot air drier, and it was investigated as growth characteristics and yield. Contents of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin was analyzed from dried powder of rhizome. The analysis column was used to Phenomenex, Kinetex 2.6um F5 100A 100*2.1mm. 10 mg of standard was taken, 80% MeOH was added to dissolve in 10 ㎖ flask. 0.5, 1, 2, 4 ㎖ was taken from dissolved solution and then was added to 10 ㎖ of 80% MeOH. It was filtered through 0.45 ㎛ filter and then 5 μℓ was taken to make standard solution. Analytical calibration curve was measured to diluted solution within sample concentration. 2 g of ground sample was taken, 40㎖ of 80% MeOH was added to extract by ultrasound sonication during 60 minutes and then it was filtered through 0.2 ㎛ filter to analyze component content. Conclusion : The root weight significantly increased from 376.1 g in end October to 695.9 g in end December as 1.8 double. Curcumin contents differed significantly among harvest times in end November and early December. Demethoxycurcumin increased from early November to end November, and Bisdemethoxycurcumin increased to the early November.

Background : Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara. is used to cure internal organ, which is called to important one of the five “Sam (ginseng)” oriental medicinal herbs included Panax ginseng, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Sophora flavescens, Scrophularia buergeriana. Korea imported 24 ton 129 thousand dollar for medicinal herbs and 23 ton 29 thousand dollar for food at 2013. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of several organic compost on the growth and root yield of A. triphylla var japonica with organic fertilizer. Methods and Results : Seeds were collected from Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara. at last year in nursery of Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA. Four types organic fertilizer (germiculture (GG), granular mix oil cake (CJ), mixed organic (DJ), plant oil cake (TG)), chemical fertilizer (CF) and non-fertilizer (NF) were treated. It was fertilized on soil before 2 month of planting. Seeds A. triphylla var. japonica were sowed in tray at early March and then were grown during 2 month. It were planted in furrowed nursery at early with 30 × 10 cm planting distance and black vinyl covering condition. Soil chemical property, survival rate, aerial part and root growth characteristics and yield were investigated at harvest time. For main composition analysis, 10 mg of standard (b-sitosterol, lupenone) was taken, 80% MeOH was added to dissolve in 10 ㎖ flask. 0.5, 1, 2, 4 ㎖ was taken from dissolved solution and then was added to 10 ㎖ of 80% MeOH. It was filtered through 0.45 ㎛ filter and then 5 μℓ was taken to make standard solution. Analytical calibration curve was measured to diluted solution within sample concentration. 2 g of ground sample was taken, 40㎖ of 80% MeOH was added to extract by ultrasound sonication during 60 minutes and then it was filtered through 0.2 ㎛ filter to analyze component content. Conclusion : GG and DJ were the most suitable for organic cultivation of denophora triphylla var. japonica. Content of beta-sitosterol showed the highest value in DJ treatment and the lowest value in CF. Content of lupenone showed the highest value in DJ and the lowest value in CJ.