In recent years, various methods of measuring body temperature have been developed using wireless biosensors to facilitate an early detection of pregnancy and parturition in cows. However, there are no studies on real-time monitoring of cattle body temperature throughout pregnancy. Therefore, we investigated the daily mean ruminal temperature in pregnant cows throughout pregnancy using a ruminal bio-capsule sensor and then evaluated the temperature variation between pregnant and non-pregnant cows. In pregnant cows, the mean and standard deviation of ruminal temperature was 38.86 ± 0.17℃. Ruminal temperature in pregnant cows slowly decreased until 180 to 190 days after artificial insemination and after that, the temperature increased dramatically until just before parturition. Furthermore, the means ruminal temperature was significantly different between pregnant and nonpregnant cows. The mean and standard deviation of ruminal temperature were as follows: 38.68 ± 0.01℃ from days 80 to 100, 38.78 ± 0.02℃ from days 145 to 165, 38.99 ± 0.45℃ from days 200 to 220, 39.14 ± 0.38℃ from days 250 to 270 before parturition. Therefore, our results could provide useful data for early detection of pregnancy and parturition in Korean cows.

This study aims to derive the criteria of folding techniques and their characteristics through analysis of literature and previous studies. This will be realized by performing a case study on male fashion design and folding. It will propose diverse directions and data for male fashion design, by making men’s jackets using a folding technique. The concept and terms of folding were clarified through examination of existing literature and previous studies. Specifically, four pieces were created with motifs of the four seasons. Among the types of pleats expressed in the works, composition pleats include double ruffles, gathers, and draperies, while processed ones include box pleats, knife pleats, and accordion pleats. This study expresses continuity, fluidity, scalability, and ambiguity through the use of such pleats. The results of the production are as follows. First, in terms of the continuous use of regular and repetitive pleats, a possibility of rich pleats was confirmed because they varied depending on the gap between the pleat and target material. Second, in liquid but irregular pleats, diverse moods were created by the pleat movement. The overlapping of repeated pleats expresses diverse spaces and shapes in a 3D extended silhouette. Third, in pleat classification, ambiguity was confirmed with the use of continuous accordion pleats in the printed gradation fabric. It is anticipated that more diverse and creative designs could be created using more extended techniques in future studies.

We aimed to predict the Italian ryegrass (IRG) productivity change of introduced and domestic varieties based on climate factors and identify suitable areas for IRG cultivation using the RCP 8.5 scenario. The minimum mean air temperature in January showed the highest correlation with productivity. The ratio of possible and low productivity areas was high in Gangwondo, and the ratio of suitable and best suitable areas was relatively high in the central and southern regions in the past 30 years. The change in the IRG cultivation area was found to be 26.9% in the best suitable area between 1981–2010 but increased significantly to 88.9% between 2090s. In the IRG suitability comparison classes between domestic and introduced cultivars, the ratio of suitable and best suitable areas was relatively high in the domestic varieties during the past 30 years. However, there is almost no difference between the IRG domestic and introduced varieties in the IRG suitability classes after the 2050s. These results can predict changes in the IRG suitability classes between domestic and introduced cultivars according to the climate change scenario, but there are limitations in accurately predicting the productivity of IRG because the results may vary depending on other environmental factors.

본 실험은 광 환경이 자생 Veronica속 4종 구와꼬리풀, 봉래꼬리풀, 부산꼬리풀, 큰구와꼬리풀의 생장 및 개화에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 실시하였다. 이중 봉래꼬리풀은 희귀 및 특산식물로 지정되어 있는 우리나라의 자생식물이며 부산꼬리풀은 우리나라에서도 부산지역에서만 자생하는 특산식물이자 자료부족종으로 분류된다. 실험은 2018년 3월 30일부 터 2018년 8월 17일까지 수행되었으며 Veronica속 4종을 0, 40, 60, 90% 차광환경에서 재배하였다. 구와꼬리풀을 0~60% 차광환경에서 재배시 90% 차광환경에서 재배한 개체보다 지상부의 생체중이 무겁고 엽수 및 가지수가 많아 생장이 유의하게 좋았다. 큰구와꼬리풀의 줄기 두께는 90% 차광환경에서 재배시 유의하게 얇아져 생장이 불량하였다. 구와꼬리풀과 큰구와꼬리풀은 0~60% 환경에서 재배시 모든 개체가 개화하였으며 90% 차광환경에서 재배한 개체보다 개화소요일수가 짧 아졌다. 봉래꼬리풀은 0~40% 차광환경에서 재배시 60~90% 차광환경에서 재배한 개체보다 지상부 및 건물증이 유의하게 증가하여 생육이 좋았으며, 관상가치 측면에서 가장 높은 점수를 받았다. 부산꼬리풀의 관상가치는 0, 40, 60, 90% 차광환경에서 재배시 각각 4.0, 3.0, 2.2, 1.0점으로 조사되어 동일한 Veronica속이라도 종에 따라서 광 민감도가 다양한 것을 확인하였다.

Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential plant growth regulator that functions as a signaling molecule in plants. The purpose of this study was to clarify how the exogenous application of SA counteracts aluminum stress-induced growth and biomass yield reduction in alfalfa exposed to aluminum (Al) stress. Two-week-old alfalfa seedlings were exposed to a combination of AlCl3 (0 μM, 50 μM and 100 μM, respectively) and SA (0.1 mM) for 72 hours. We observed, Al stress-induced plant growth inhibition and forage yield reduction are Al stress-dependent manner. A significant reduction of plant height (42.0-52.9%), leaf relative water content (13.0-21.4%), root length (35.4-48.7%), shoot fresh weight (31.2-25.9%), root fresh weight (15.4-23.3%), shoot dry weight (12.7-22.2%), roots dry weight (47.3 -53.5%), were observed in alfalfa. In contrast, SA alleviated the Al-stress and enhanced growth and biomass yield in alfalfa. This study provides useful information concerning the role of SA that counteracts aluminum stress-induced growth and yield reduction in alfalfa.

본 실험은 저온처리 기간과 일장이 자생 돌마타리의 휴면타파와 생장 및 개화에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 실시되었다. 노지에서 재배중인 돌마타리의 생물계절현상 반응(phenology) 을 3월부터 10월까지 조사하였다. 또한 저온처리 기간이 돌마타리 휴면타파 및 개화에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 4°C 저온에 0, 3, 6, 9, 12주간 처리한 후 장일환경(16h), 25°C 온도조건에서 재배하면서 생육특성을 관찰하였다. 일장이 돌마타리의 생육 및 개화에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 자연저온 처리된 돌마타리를 단일(9h), 중일(12h), 장일조건(16h)에서 재배하여 생육 특성을 관찰하였다. 야외에서 재배중인 돌마타리는 늦여름인 8월부터 9월까지 개화하는 특성을 보였다. 저온처리 기간에 따른 실험결과 9, 12주 저온처리를 받은 식물이 3, 6주간 저온처리 한 식물에 비해 개화소요일수가 유의하게 단축되었다. 돌마타리는 4°C 온도에서 9주 이상 처리시 33%의 개화율을 보이는 것으로 조사되었다. 일장에 따른 실험결과, 장일환경에서 재배된 돌마타리의 초장은 50.1cm였으나 단일 및 중일환경에서 재배된 식물의 초장은 각각 16.7, 16.1cm로 조사되었다. 돌마타리는 장일환경에서 16주간 재배 시 100% 개화하였으나 단일 및 중일 환경에서 재배 시 전혀 개화하지 않았다. 결론적으로 돌마타리 는 휴면타파 및 개화를 위해 저온을 필수적으로 요구하며 장일 환경조건에서만 개화하는 질적장일식물임을 확인하였다.

Photosynthetic characteristics and growth responses of Phalaenopsis Queen Beer ‘Mantefon’ orchid were determined in plants exposed to variable carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations at 2-, 24-, and 36-weeks age (i.e., corresponding to juvenile, young, and mature vegetative growth stages, respectively). Plants were grown at 400 (control), 800, or 1,600 μmol･mol-1 CO2 for 6 hours during the nighttime for 32 weeks. Phalaenopsis ‘Mantefon’ in 2- and 24-week-old plants grown at 1,600 μmol･mol-1 CO2 had increased leaf number and net CO2 uptake compared with the plants grown at 400 μmol･mol-1 CO2. In 36-week-old of Phalaenopsis ‘Mantefon’, leaf number was significantly greater in plant grown at 800 and 1,600 μmol･mol-1 conditions compared with plants grown at 400 μmol･mol-1 CO2. Leaves that emerged after the start of the CO2 treatment were initially longer in the plants grown at 1,600 μmol･mol-1 CO2 than at 400 μmol·mol-1 C O2, but the final leaf length was shortest in the plants grown at 1,600 μmol･mol-1 CO2 condition. Plants showed crassulancean acid metabolism characteristic of nighttime CO2 uptake regardless plant growth stages. We found that growers may be able to promote leaf growth with increasing leaf number and reducing time to leaf initiation in the 36-week-old (i.e., mature stage) plants with 800 – 1,600 μmol·mol-1 CO2 and 2- and 24-week-old (i.e., juvenile and young stages) plants with 1,600 μmol·mol-1 C O2 for Phalaenopsis ‘Mantefon’.

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the comparison of balance and muscle strength between dominant and non-dominant legs in adults. Thirty adults in their 20s participated in this study. The dominant and non-dominant legs were selected based on the dominant hands of the target. The subject's muscle strength of legs was measured with Nicholas MMT, and the balance was measured with BIO-Rescue. We compared the dominant and non-dominant legs based on the results. The result, indicated no statistical difference on balance and muscle strength between dominant and non-dominant legs(p>.05). The results of this study will be helpful in setting the effective treatment direction and treatment level, and in controlling posture, balance and motor function.