면화는 중요한 섬유 작물로 종자는 가축의 사료로 사용 된다. 작물 생명공학은 농업 분야에서 농업적 형질과 질을 향상시키기 위해 활용되어져 왔다. 국내 식품, 사료, 가 공 제품에 유전자변형 (LM) 면화의 사용이 증가함에 따라 환경으로의 LM 면화의 비의도적 유출 또한 증가하고 있다. LMO 모니터링 사업에서 수집된 LM 면화를 검정하기 위하여 국내 수입 승인된 LM 면화의 검출법 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 LM 면화 MON757, MON88792, COT67B, GHB811 4종을 대상으로 동시검출법을 개발하였다. 이벤트에 대한 유전 정보는 유럽 JRC와 농림축산검역본부에서 확보하였다. LM 면화의 동시검출법 개발을 위해 이벤트 특 이적인 프라이머를 설계하였으며 특이적인 증폭을 확인하였다. 특이도 검정, 무작위 표준물질 혼합물 분석, 검출한계 분석을 통하여 동시검출법의 정확도와 특이도를 검증하였다. 그 결과 본 동시검출법은 각각의 이벤트를 검출할 수 있으며 LM 표준물질을 활용하여 특이도를 검정하였다. 또한 무작위 표준물질 조합도 정확하게 검출할 수 있다. 검출한 계 분석에서는 25 ng의 미량의 주형 DNA로 단회 분석으로 검출이 가능하다. 결론적으로 4종의 LM 면화 동시검출법을 개발하였으며 LM 면화 자생체 분석에 활용될 것으로 사료 된다.

본 연구는 LMO 유전산물의 위해성평가를 위해 바실러스로부터 증폭된 Vip3Aa 유전자를 이용하여 대장균에서 단백질 순수분리 하였으며, MALDI-TOP 분석법을 통해 기존의 알려진 살충성 Vip3Aa 단백질과 동등한 단백질임을 증명하였다. 순수 분리한 Vip3Aa 단백질을 이용하여 꿀벌 과독성 급성섭식독성평가를 수행하였다. 그 결과 무처리군, Hepes buffer, Vip3Aa 단백질 처리군 모두 치사 및 일반 중독증상을 보이는 개체는 발견되지 않았다. 이 결과를 통해 Vip3Aa 단백질은 꿀벌에 위해성을 나타내지 않는다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 국내 LMO 유전자산물 위해성평가에 유용하게 활용될 것이라 사료 된다.

Dengue is the most important arboviral disease in tropical and subtropical areas where 2.5 billion people are at risk of infection. Aedes albopictus will be a major vector transmitting dengue virus in Korea, where this virus overseas inflow is possible. We collected mosquitoes in Jeju, Busan, Gunsan, and Incheon using BG sentinel trap from April to October in 2016. Collected mosquitoes were conducted virus detection using real-time PCR method and analysis bloodmeal source of Ae. albopictus. A total of 15 species comprising 7 genera were identified and 4,854 female mosquitoes collected. The most dominant species ratio (SR) was 52.9% (Culex pippins complex) followed by 20.3% (Ae. albopictus), 10.8% (Ae. vexans nipponi) and Ochlerotatus dorsalis (3.8%). Dengue virus was not detected. Bloodmeal source of Ae. albopictus was mammals (80.9%) followed by birds (18.6) and amphibians (0.5).

We performed a survey for flavivirus infection and distribution of Aedes albopictus that known as Zika and Dengue virus vector using black–light trap and BG-sentinel trap around urban area in Korea. Mosquitoes were collected in 27 cities during March to November (twice a month) year 2016. Total numbers of mosquitoes collected 102,102 including 19 species 8 genera during collecting period. Total 21,467 Ae. albopictus was collected that 20,961(24.3%) by BG-sentinel trap and 506 (3.2%) by Black-light trap in urban area. Trap index(trap/night) of Ae. albopictus was showed highest in Hamyang (TI:992.3) and lowest in Taebaek (TI:0.3) there was only collected by Black-light trap. A total of 894 pools from all collecting Ae. albopictus were performed a Flavivirus detection. Flavivirus was not detected during study period. This study may provide basic information for surveillance of imported diseases (include Zika virus) and vectors in Korea.

West Nile Virus (WNV) is transmitted by infected mosquitoes. Vector mosquitoes usually acquire these pathogens from feeding on an infected host, and transmit the pathogens to a naive host during feeding events. To understand the virus transmission dynamics and to survey WNV throughout country, the present study has been conducted. We collected mosquitoes in Jeju, Busan, Gunsan, and Incheon using CDC light trap and BG Sentinel trap from April to October in 2016. Among collected mosquitoes, blood-fed mosquitoes were conducted blood meal identification assay and the other mosquitoes were subjected to virus detection using real-time PCR method. A total of 29,603 mosquitoes representing 8 genera and 19 species were collected. The most dominant species was Culex pippins complex (35.0%) followed by Cx. bitaeniorhynchus (12.2%), Armigeres subalbatus (11.2%), Aedes albopictus (10.8%), Ae. vexans nipponii (10.3%), and Ochlerotatus dorsalis (8.4%). The blood meal source were of mammal (70.4%), birds (29.0%) and amphibian (0.6%). WNV was not detected in any mosquitoes.

One hundred seventy two accessions of safflower, collected in four countries were investigated for their morphological and biochemical characters in 2014. The accessions were categorized into two groups; South-Central (S-C) Asia and South-West (S-W) Asia, and each group was represented the accessions of two countries. Variation in morphological and biochemical characters was observed between two groups of accessions. The average value of seed weight and range of variability were higher in S-C Asia accessions while S-W accessions exhibited the variation in plant height, leaf length and days to flowering. The average value of oleic and total oil content were higher in S-C Asia accessions, and the values were 19.8%, and 231.4 mg.g-1, respectively, while the range of variability for total oil content was higher in S-W accessions. Plant height exhibited a significant positive correlation with days to flowering (r = 0.625**). Palmitic acid had positively correlated with stearic acid (r = 0.282**) and linoleic acid (r = 0.444**). Oleic and linoleic acid showed a strong negative correlation (r = -0.977**). The first three principal components explained 57% of the total variation. Morphological and biochemical variation exist in different groups of accessions could be useful to breeder for developing new safflower cultivars with high oil quantity and quality.

사우디아라비아 북부지역에서 수집된 홍화 총 100자원에 대 한 총폴리페놀 함량 및 항산화 활성을 평가하여 항산화활성이 높은 홍화자원을 선발하고자 연구를 수행하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 총 100자원의 홍화유전자원에 대한 총폴리페놀 함량은 14.2 ± 0.41 μg GAE mg−1dw에서 81.6 ± 1.56μg GAEmg−1dw 까지 분포하였다. DPPH 라디컬 소거능은 1.6 ± 0.07 μg ASC mg−1 dw에서 14.1 ± 0.23 μg ASCmg−1 dw까지 활성을 나 타냈다. ABTS 활성은 34.5 ± 0.70 μg Trolox mg−1 dw에서 156.5 ± 3.06 μg Trolox mg−1 dw까지 평가되었다. 항산화활성 을 측정한 DPPH와 ABTS 활성간에는 상당한 유의성(r = 0.954**)을 보였다. 2. 홍화자원 100자원의 총폴리페놀 함량 및 항산화활성 결 과값에 대한 상호관계를 분석하여 활성이 높은 그룹(Group1)을 얻었다. Group1에 포함된 8개의 홍화자원은 나머지 그룹에 속한 자원들에 비해 항산화활성이 높았으며, 이중 K185841, K185879, K185863은 Group1내의 다른 자원들보다도 항산화 활성이 상당히 높아 홍화육종이나 기능성물질연구에 좋은 소 재가 될 것으로 사료된다.

조지아는 지형학적으로 기후대가 아주 다양하게 분포함에 따라 생물다양성이 풍부한 국가이다. 조지아 종자 유전자원은 구 소련시절 러시아 바빌로프생물산업연구소에서 보존되어 오다 독립하면서 육종가들이 육종재료로 활용하기 위하여 개별로 냉장고에 보존하고 있다, 영양체 유전자원은 구 소련시절 수집 및 도입된 자원 중 과수자원은 배262 품종과 사과 147품종을 보존한 이후 1969년 사과 495품종과 배 200품종 등을 수집 보존하였고, 현재 조지아 농업대학에서 포도 유전자원은 지금까지 조지아 지역에 시험장, 농가 등에 산재되어 있던 약 2,664점을 1968년 이후 보존 관리하면서 육종 및 재배 등 연 구를 수행하고 있다. 조지아는 과수유전자원 뿐만 아니라 종자유전자원과 마늘, 감자 등 영양체유전자원도 풍부하다. 조지아는 밀, 보리, 옥수수, 해바라기, 감자 등을 많이 생산하고 있고, 강낭콩 등 두류작물 생산도 높은 편인데, 대부분 재배작물들이 조지아 재래종이다. 따라서 종자자원 등 1년생작물의 유전자원의 확보도 기후대가 다양한 이 나라에서 확보하는 것은 가치 있는 일이다. 또한 다양한 채소류 작물도 많은 량이 재배되고 있는데, 채소류 유전자원이 부족한 우리나라는 이 나라에서 재래종 자원을 확보하여 이용한다면 다양한 채소자원 육종연구에 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

The present study purposed to examine the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, self-stretching and functional massage on the recovery of muscle contraction force for muscle fatigue caused by sustained isotonic contraction. The subjects of this study were 45 healthy students. They were divided into transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group(n=15), self-stretching group(n=15) and functional massage group(n=15), and using Primus RS. We observed the pattern of changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction force(MVIC) after causing muscle fatigue in quadriceps femoris muscle through sustained isotonic contraction. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction force(MVIC) were greatly increased after transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, self-stretching and functional massage. In the comparison of recovery rate of muscle contraction force for muscle fatigue caused by sustained isotonic contraction among the treatment groups, it did not show any significant differences. However, it showed that each treatment may be effective in recovery of muscle fatigue caused by sustained isotonic contraction.

Background : Garlic is one of the important vegetables and a source of natural anti-oxidants. This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activities including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picr yl-hydrazil (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reducing power (RP) and total polyphenol content (TPC) of A. ampel oprasum L. Methods and Results : DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, TPC, and RP were analyzed the extract of aerial plant part in 22 accessions of A. ampeloprasum by spectrophotometry mathod. A. tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng. was used as a control. DPPH was ranged from 0.35 to 3.06 ㎍ ASC ㎎-1 dw. ABTS and FRAP showed wide variation from 4.37 to 29.30 ㎍ Trolox ㎎-1 dw and 3.18 to 10.8 ㎍ ASC ㎎-1 dw, respectively. RP and TPC were ranged from 3.43 to 9.51 ㎍ GAE ㎎-1 dw, and 0.8 to 18.63 ㎍ ASC ㎎-1 dw, respectively. Cluster analysis of A. ampeloprasum germplasm was divided into two major groups. Group Ⅰ (7 accessions) characterized as higher antioxidant activities than the group Ⅱ (15 accessions) and had similar antioxidant activities with A. tuberosum as a control. FRAP value showed a significant strong positive correlation with DPPH (r = 0.868*) and ABTS activity (r = 0.826*). Principal component analysis showed that the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) cumulatively explained 85.64 % of total variation. Conclusion : From the above results, we may suggest that A. ampeloprasum aerial parts might have useful as a new material for functional food.

Fusarium head blight (FHB), also known as scab, caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum is a devastating disease of wheat in regions that are warm and humid during flowering. In addition to significant yield and quality losses, the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol produced by the pathogen in infected wheat kernels is a serious problem for food and feed safety. Twenty- three Korean cultivars and "Sumai 3", which is a FHB-resistant Chinese cultivar were tested for Type I, Type II resistances of FHB. Three cultivars were identified as resistant in Type I assessment, and two cultivars were resistant in Type II assessment. Genetic variation and relationship among the cultivars were evaluated on the basis of 11 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) and 29 Sequence Tagged Site (STS) markers that were linked to FHB resistance Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) on chromosome 3BS. One SSR and 7 STS markers detected polymorphisms. Especially, using a STS marker (XSTS3B-57), 32.4% of the variation for Type II FHB resistance could be explained. Genetic relationship among Korean wheat cultivars was generally consistent with their released year. These markers on chromosome 3BS have the potential for accelerating the development of Korean wheat cultivars with improved Fusarium head blight resistance through the use of marker-assisted selection.