본 연구는 주변 환경의 차이에 따른 화분매개곤충의 유입 특성을 파악하기 위하여 국립수목원 내 진화속을걷 는정원과 부추속전문전시원에 식재된 울릉산마늘의 화분매개곤충을 조사하였다. 2023년 5월 22일부터 6월 2일 까지 꽃이 70% 이상 개화하였을 때 포충망을 활용하여 8일간 곤충을 채집하였고, 각 전시원 별 식생(피도), 기후 (온도·습도·조도)를 조사하였다. 조사 결과 진화속을걷는정원에서 피도 60% 온도 26.4℃, 습도 31.5%, 조도 40953.6lx, 화분매개곤충 20과 450개체, 부추속전문전시원은 피도 90%, 온도 25.6℃, 습도 31.6%, 조도 6387lx, 화분매개곤충 15과 196개체로 나타났다. 온도와 조도가 상대적으로 높은 진화속을걷는정원이 채집된 곤충의 다양성과 방문 빈도가 높았다. 시간대별 곤충의 방문 빈도를 비교해본 결과 온도와 조도는 개체수가 증가할 때 같이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 습도는 반대의 경향을 보였다.

The goal of this study was to develop a curriculum based on practice and job competency, reflecting opinions on the required job competence of nail practitioners and professionals related to nail beauty. Through in-depth interviews with nail experts, the research focuses on developing nail beauty competency-based curriculum and curriculum profiles that reflect practitioners’ needs of job competence in the field. In-depth interviews with 11 field experts and surveys of 154 people were conducted to develop a competency-based curriculum for beginner nail hairdressers. The results of this study show that the existing 38 National Competency Standards (NCS) job competencies were reduced to 21 job competencies. In addition, based on the common opinions of experts who reflect the current trend, two tasks on “eyelashes” and “waxing” were added, and they were modified and supplemented with 23 core competencies. The development of a competency-based curriculum and educational programs for nail beauty was performed based on the requirements of the core competencies investigated and the development of a systematic map for the core competencies of beginner nail technicians and hairdressers. In conclusion, the need for professional education and training for nail hairdressers is growing, and it can be seen that a curriculum building multi-faceted abilities is needed for their qualifications as experts. This study found that it is necessary to develop interpersonal communication skills that include marketing elements other than practical skills such as personality and customer response methods in the nail beauty curriculum.

이 논문의 목적은 가정 이곡(1298-1351)의 이중적 정체성을 살펴보는 것이다. 구체적으로는 몽골이 수립한 팍스 몽골리카(Pax Mongolica) 하에서 세계인과 고려인의 이중적 정체성을 가지고 방황한 이곡의 정신적 여정을 검토하려 는 것이다. 이곡은 한산의 호장 출신이다. 그는 1320년 고려의 과거에 합격했으나, 가문이 한미하여 현달하지 못했다. 이 한계를 극복하기 위해 그는 1333년 원(元) 의 과거시험인 제과에 응시해 우수한 성적으로 합격했다. 그 결과 고려인 합 격자로서는 처음으로 원 중앙 정부의 관리로 임명되었다. 이곡은 1348년 영구 귀국할 때까지, 15년간 원과 고려를 오가며 관직 생활을 이어갔다. 이곡은 몽골제국의 개방성과 보편주의를 신뢰했다. 그에 따라 국가를 초월한 평천하의 정치적 이상을 꿈꾸었다. 다른 한편 그는 고려인으로서의 정체성도 포기하지 않았다. 그는 원 관리로 있으면서도, 고려 정부의 불공정한 인사 정책을 비판했다. 또한 고려 정부를 대변해, 원의 공녀정책의 부당성을 역설 하기도 했다. 그러나 원 조정에서 고관에 오르지 못한 이곡은 평천하의 이상을 실현할 수 없었다. 몽골과 고려의 정치세계에 어디에도 깊이 뿌리내리지 못한 그는 경계인에 머물렀다. ‘원유자(遠遊子)’ 또는 ‘동서남북인(東西南北人)’이란 이곡 스스로의 자칭은 경계인의 또 다른 이름일 것이다. 어머니와 황제는 그의 삶의 두 축이었다. 그는 황제의 도시 연경에 머물렀지만, 다른 한편 언제나 어머니를 그리워했다. 이곡은 몽골제국의 코스모폴리타니즘이 만들어낸 세계인 이자 동시에 고려인이었다. 그의 좌절은 어떤 의미에서 몽골제국의 보편성의 한계였다. 또한 몽골제국 아래 고려가 경험한 세계화의 외연적 경계였다.

The Don-am district is a residential area that was supplied in 1936 as a land readjustment project(Tojiguhoekjeongri). The Don-am district was newly supplied with residential areas and urban hanoks were built in large numbers. The Don-am district was influenced by urban planning and legislation at that time. These affected in the layout and plan of urban hanok. Residential block in the Don-am district were developed sequentially from the late 1930s to the 1960s. Residential block were divided by modern construction company and sold by individual lots. The blocks supplied to the Don-am district made uniformly the corner out-off(Ga gak) for creating a vehicle-centered road. So urban hanoks located in the corner plot was transformed in response to the road. Residential blocks in Don-am district was divided into three to four rows. Therefore, alleys were created inside the block. Newly made alleys consist of a privately owned road(Sa-do), a public road(Gong-Do), and open space in the site. And the alleys were used as an entry space for sharing with neighboring. Urban hanoks of Don-am district have had changed and adapted to the formation of these alleys.

Since its construction in the late 14th century, Hanyangdoseong had been carried out three major repairs and reconstructions during the 500 years of the Joseon Dynasty. In addition to the large-scale construction, small-scale construction continued until King Gojong era. In particular, in the 18th century, systematic construction management was implemented by the craftsmen and the military participated in the renovation of Hanyangdoseong in earnest, and the construction methods also developed rapidly. In the early 18th century, new construction techniques were attempted in various sections of the reconstruction work, and gradually became a common technology for repairing Hanyangdoseong in the late 18th century. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics and period of changes in the 18th century's construction technique, when the rapid development of Hanyangdoseong took place. To this end, the excavation results related to Hanyangdoseong, the remaining city wall, and the inscribed stones were used to identify and demonstrate the characteristics and change of the construction method.

The purpose of this study is to research about the construction of Chiseong around the Heunginjimun Gate area in the 18th century. the conclusions derived from the historical evidence of the number, location, size, and form, and construction method of Chiseong was as follows. First, the Chiseong(Square-shaped lookout) of Hanyangdoseong was built in the 29th year of King Yeongjo(1753) and can be found in the national record. Five sites of the Chiseong are currently identified. It is assumed that the Foru was installed on top of some of the Chiseongs. Second, Chiseong was destroyed sequentially in the first half of the 20th century. Third, Chiseong is a rectangular in shape and six are constructed. Fourth, Sixth Chiseong could figure out through Hengryeopungsokdo, the drawing of Jeong Seon.

This paper sought to examine characteristics and differences of the construction methods and the materials of the wall repair by three command through individual command records and national documents. This paper is based on the management section of three commands(Samgunyoung), which was in charge of a repair and management of Hanyangdoseong(Seoul city wall) in 18th century. The purpose and background of the study are as follows. First, through each inscribed stones on the rampart and the parapet, it is to grasp accurately the point of change of Hanyangdoseng after the 18th century. Second, through inscribed stones, the site evidence of the repair work in the late Joseon Dynasty, it is to find out the aspects of the development process of repair and reconstruction technology of Hanyangdoseng.

본고의 목적은 2019년 일본의 수출규제에 내포된 위기의 성격을 역사, 경제, 안보의 측면에서 재검토하려는 것이다. 그 이유는 한일 간 과거사 문제가 무역규제로 확대되었고, 이것이 한미일 안보협력 문제에도 깊은 함의를 갖고 있기 때문이다. 이를 위해 첫째, 1965년 한일국교정상화 당 시 식민지배 문제와 청구권 문제가 어떻게 처리되었는지 간략히 살펴봄 으로써, 현재 한일 간에 심각한 갈등을 야기시키고 있는 일본군 종군위 안부와 강제징용자 배상 문제의 역사적 성격을 살펴보고자 한다. 둘째, 일본군 종군위안부와 강제징용자 배상문제를 둘러싼 한일간 쟁점을 검토 하고자 한다. 셋째, 결론적으로 일본의 대한국 무역규제에 내포된 국제정 치적, 경제적 전환을 지적하고자 한다. 일본의 무역규제는 미국의 인정 하에 이루어졌다는 점에서 한미관계에도 근본적 변화가 시작된 것으로 생각된다. 그것은 트럼프 정부에서 본격화된 신고립주의(Neo-isolationism), 즉 세계체제의 보안관 역할을 포기하려는 전략적 결정에서 기인된 것이 다. 이에 따라 한국도 미국 없는 시대의 안보적‧경제적 대안에 대해 신중 히 검토할 필요가 있는 것으로 생각된다.

After the permanent shutdown of K1 in 2017, decommissioning processes have attracted great attention. According to the current decommissioning roadmap, the dismantling of the activated components of K1 may start in 2026, following the removal of its spent fuel. Since the reactor vessel (RV) and reactor vessel internal (RVI) of K1 contain massive components and are relatively highly activated, their decommissioning process should be conducted carefully in terms of radiological and industrial safety. For achieving maximum efficiency of nuclear waste management processes for K1, we present activation analysis of the segmentation process and waste classification of the RV and RVI components of K1. For RVI, the active fuel regions and some parts of the upper and lower active regions are classified as intermediate-level waste (ILW), while other components are classified as low-level waste (LLW). Due to the RVI’s complex structure and high activation, we suggest various underwater segmentation techniques which are expected to reduce radiation exposure and generate approximately nine ILW and nineteen very low level waste (VLLW)/LLW packages. For RV, the active fuel region and other components are classified as LLW, VLLW, and clearance waste (CW). In this case, we suggest in-situ remote segmentation in air, which is expected to generate approximately forty-two VLLW/LLW packages.

동북아역사재단 독도체험관은 수도권 내 최초의 독도 박물관, 독도 가상 체험관 및 초·중·고 교과서와 연계된 입체 교과서라는 핵심기능을 목표로 설립되었다. 독도체험관은 현재 교육부 위탁 독도전시관 신규 구축사업, 서울시교육청과의 연 결 등을 진행하면서 독도 교육과 홍보를 진행하고 있다. ‘독도의 자연과 역사의 소통’이라는 전시 주제 아래 독도체험관은 다양한 기능을 겸비한 개념의 전사관으로 탄생했다. 독도 관련 역사 자료를 수립·보존·연구 하고 전시하는 박물간의 기능, 독도의 자연과 역사 등을 첨단 디지털 기술을 활용 하여 경험할 수 있는 체험관으로서의 기능, 초중고 교육 내용과 연계되어 학습할 수 있는 입체 교과서로서의 기능이었다. 독도체험관은 서로 다른 공간에서 각각 수행되어 오던 기능을 통합함으로써 독도영토주권에 대한 교육과 홍보에 시너지 효과를 주었다. 이사부 독도기념관은 도서, 학술연구자료, 유물 등 각 자료를 하나의 기관으로 집약해 사람들에게 필요한 정보를 종합적으로 서비스하는 통합형 전시관을 예정 하고 있다. 삼척을 넘어 전국의 독도, 삼국사 관련시설을 아우르는 거점 역할 수 행하는 것이다. 이사부 독도기념관은 이사부와 독도 라키비움을 추구할 예정이다. 라키비움은 도서관, 기록관, 박물관의 합성어로, 도서관과 기록관 그리고 박물관이 3가지 기능을 모두 제공할 수 있는 공간이다..

We have surveyed the current status of insect pollinator use for horticultural crops in 2016. The use rate and farmnumber of insect pollinators for 26 horticultural crops were 25.8% and 55,208, respectively. The colony number of insectpollinators used in this survey was 479,777, which include 344,690 for honeybees, 119,104 for bumblebees, 2,415 formason bees, 1,317 for flies, and 2,415 for the combination of bumblebees, honeybees, and mason bees. The use rateof insect pollinators was 59.4% for 11 vegetable crops and the colony number of insect pollinators used for 11 vegetablecrops was 449,287. The colony number of insect pollinators used for 15 fruit tree crops was 30,290, which include honeybees(66.3%), bumblebees (20.2%), mason bees (8.0%), flies (1.6%), and the combination (3.9%) of bumblebees, honeybees,and mason bees. Together, farms of 98% showed positive effect for the use of insect pollinators and most of farms (97.0%)planed for the continuous use of insect pollinators

Due to their environmental and economical consequences, invasive species have become a major concern worldwide. Among them, the yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina, is a keen hunter of domestic honeybees. They use olfactory cues from the prey to assess food information. In this study, we investigated the attraction behavior of V. velutina to honeybee pheromone under outdoor conditions. Nine honeybee pheromones were tested and compared in order to find the best attractant. When testing specific compounds, the honeybee queen pheromone, homovanillyl alcohol, proved highly attractive.

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the difference of the ankle joint movements during landing. Seven adult males voluntarily participated in the study and the average foot size of the subjects was 269.8 mm. Image analysis equipment and the ground reaction force plate (landing type) was used to measure th kinetic variables. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that the vertical ground reaction force peak point appeared once in the barefoot with forefoot, while two peak points appeared in the barefoot and functional shoe foot with rear foot landing. About ankle angle, fore foot landing ankle angle, the average with bare foot landing was -10.302° and the average with functional shoe foot landing was -2.919°. Also about rear foot landing, ankle angle was 11.648° with bare foot landing and 15.994° with functional shoe landing. The fore foot landing, ankle joint force analysis produced 1423.966N with barefoot and 1493.264N with functional shoes. But, the rear foot landing, ankle joint force analysis produced 1680.154N with barefoot and 1657.286N with functional shoes. This study suggest that the angle of ankle depends on the landing type and bare foot running/functionalized shod running, and ankle joint forces also depends on landing type.