Apoptos is s ignal- regulating kinase 1 (ASKl) is a rnitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase(MAP3K) 떼 th proapoptotic functlOn 1'he kinase activity of ASKl is stimulated by a variety of death signals , including 1'NFα • Fas ligation, reactive oxygen species, and antineoplastic agents, ASKl promotes cell death by activating the c- Jun N-termina l kinase/stress-activated protein kinase MKK4/MKK7-JNK/SAPK pathway and MKK3/ 1\αCK6-p38 pathway‘ ASKl activity is highly controlled in cells by multiple mechanisms, including phosphorylation, oligome ri zation, and protein- protein ll1 teractlOns Epigallocatechin-3-galla te(EGCG) is the major bioactive polyphenol present in green tea, It possesses anti-oxida nt , a nti - mutagenic‘ a n ti - prote이 ytic ， and anti-proliferative activity, In addition. it has been shown to inhibit cyclin activity, and inhibit cell cycle progression 1n the present study, we exarnined the effect of EGCG on ASKl- overexpressed cells , We expected that EGCG contributes to cell a poptos is by activating ASKl functlOn However, EGCG showed no suppressive effect on cell s urvival of ASKl-overexpressed cells and seemed to promote cell survlval Importantly, the EGCG treatment in creased Akt activity when cells expressed enough amount of ASKl protein, These results s uggest that the presence of ASKl may modify the inhibitory effect of EGCG on cell survival through Akt pathway,

오일/정제수(O/W) 나노에멀젼은 피부의 투과성을 변화시키는 효과적인 매개체이다. 본 연구에서 우리는 콜레스테롤, 팔미틴산과 같은 피부 각질층 지질과 세라마이드 IIIB (CIIIB)의 피부 적용을 위한 콜로이드성 운반체 역할을 하는 나노에멀젼의 제조와 특성화에 초점을 두었다. 나노에멀젼을 최적화하기 위해, 입자 크기, 나노에멀젼 안정성 및 CIIIB의 용해도와 관련하여 유화 공정 조건을 검토하였다. 80 ℃의 유화 온도 및 PIC (phase inversion composition) 유화법을 통해 입자 크기의 감소가 관찰되었다. CIIIB는 오일 및 물에 대한 용해도가 낮다. CIIIB의 농도가 증가하면 나노 에멀젼의 입자 크기가 증가하였다. Lipoid S75-3을 오일상에 첨가하면 CIIIB의 용해도가 증가하여 DSC 측정에서 보여지는 일부 상호 작용을 나타냈다. CIIIB와 피부 각질층 지질은 결정화 또는 물리적 불안정성 없이 성공적으로 나노 에멀젼에 혼입될 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 피부 각질층 지질을 함유하는 안정한 나노 에멀젼은 피부를 위한 효과적인 보습 시스템으로서 효과적일 수 있다.

본 실험에서는 화장품에 널리 사용되는 지방산과 지방알코올을 Tween 80과 Span 80을 함께 사용하여 조성 상전이 유화법으로 O/W (oil-in-water) 저점도 나노에멀젼을 제조하였다. 지방알코올의 오일상에서의 농도가 증가할수록 나노에멀젼의 입자 크기가 증가하였다. 혼합계면활성제의 HLB를 조절하여 입도 분포가 좁 고 안정한 나노에멀젼의 제조가 가능하였다. 전상점 부근에서 지방산 및 지방알코올을 함유한 계 모두에서 유사 한 점도와 전기전도도의 변화를 보였으나 오일과 계면활성제만으로 구성된 계와는 다르게 넓은 수용액상 분율 범위에서 높은 점도를 나타냈다. 입자 크기가 100 nm 미만의 저점도 나노에멀젼은 실온에서 한 달 이상 안정하 였다. 지방산 또는 지방알코올을 함유하고, 저에너지 유화법으로 제조된 저점도 O/W 나노에멀젼 제형은 화장품 의 기재로서 널리 사용될 수 있다.

To determine the expression levels of genes related to the salt stress response in rice, gene expression profiles were investigated through microarray analysis using the rice mutant line Till-II-877. There were no significant changes in physiological response under salt stress of the mutant increased less than that in the WT. The intensity of gene expression was analyzed and compared between the wild type and mutant lines using a microarray. Among the most significantly affected pathways, α-linolenic acid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism (in lipid metabolism), fructose and mannose metabolism and glycolysis-gluconeogenesis (in carbohydrate metabolism), cysteine and methionine metabolism (in amino acid metabolism), and carbon fixation (in the energy metabolism of photosynthetic organisms) showed changes in gene expression levels under salt stress. These results further our understanding of the effects of salt stress in rice and may aid in the development of salt-tolerant rice cultivars.

Soluble sugar content in soybean seed is an important quality attribute for soyfood and feed. Usually, soluble sugars comprise 6 to 17% of total dry wt. in mature soybean seeds. In this study, 414 soybean mutant lines induced by gamma-ray were screened by colormetric assay, FACE (Fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis), and GC-MS to identify the change of soluble sugar contents. Among 414 soybean mutant lines, 12 mutant lines derived from three different soybean cultivars (Hwanggum, Paldal, and Bangsa) showed higher level of soluble sugar content compared to their original cultivars. However, 5 mutant lines derived from soybean landrace KAS 636-15 showed lower level in the colormetric assay. In FACE, 17 soybean mutant lines selected by colormetric assay also showed different band intensity compared with their original cultivars. However, there were no different soluble sugar patterns between soybean original cultivars and mutant lines. Finally, the variations of soluble sugar content in 17 soybean mutant lines were confirmed by using GC-MS. These mutant lines will be used for genetic study to find mutations of genes related soluble sugar biosynthesis.

A new soybean variety “Geomjeongkong 3” was released by the National Crop Experiment Station, RDA, in 2001. This variety was derived from the cross between Shinano-kuro and SNU78010, the elite breeding line with large seed, in the summer season, 1990. The

Four experiments were conducted to determine growth regulators, their concentrations and treatment time, rooting medium, and plant parts for optimum seedling propagation by stem cuttings in yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia Poepp. & Endl.). NAA was the most effective on rooting, and followed by IBA 2,4-D, and IAA. Dipping the base of cuttings in 50 or 100 ppm solutions of IBA increased rooting ratios. The 100 ppm solution of IBA was 14% higher than the 50 ppm solution for rooting ratios. Rooting medium with equal volumes of clay loam and sand was the most suitable for rooting of cuttings. Cuttings with both terminal bud and the first node or cuttings with both the first and second nodes were higher in rooting ratios than cuttings with only terminal bud or the first or second nodes. Days to rooting was not affected by plant parts.