This study was conducted to investigate quality characteristics of red bean gochujang prepared with different ratios of meju for eight weeks. We determined quality characteristics such as pH, moisture content, total microbial flora counts, amino-type nitrogen content, total polypenol content, and antioxidant activity. The pH decreased by fermentation period, whereas total acidity was 0.36~0.39% in the early stage of fermentation, 0.63~1.16% at four weeks of fermentation, and decreased to 0.43~0.65% after the eighth week of fermentation. Moisture content of the control (no red bean, no rice) decreased 62.13% to 50.93%, but in case of the treatment, it slightly decreased. Total cell counts revealed similar tendency at the beginning of fermentation, and at eight weeks of fermentation. In case of lactic acid bacteria, all samples except RB-1.5 (gochujang added meju made of mixing ratio of rice:soybean:red bean (1:2:1.5) slightly increased. Amino nitrogen and total polyphenol of all samples increased in the fermentation period, especially RB-1.5 sample had the highest levels than other samples. By increasing the amount of red bean, DPPH radical scavenging activities increased. In taste sensing analysis, all treat samples except RB-1.5 revealed lower sourness than the control. Also, in case of bitterness, all samples revealed low content than the control. So, by adding red bean, it can enhance taste and function of gochujang.

The nutritional compositions and physicochemical properties of two aronia varieties (Viking and Nero) cultivated in Chungbuk were investigated. The proximate compositions of Nero and Viking powder were:13% moisture, 0.58% and 0.6% ash, 0.73% and 0.33% crude lipid, 5.47% and 6.51% crude protein, 15.65% and 16.15% crude dietary fiber, and 64.36 and 64.43% crude carbohydrate, respectively. The proximate contents of the aronia samples were not significantly different. Among the physicochemical properties, there was also no significant change in total anthocyanin and antioxidant activity. However, Viking had higher total polyphenol contents and α-glucosidase inhibition activity than Nero. The mineral contents of Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Cu and Zn in the two aronias were determined. Cu and Zn were not detected in both varieties. With regard to Al, Na and K, Nero was higher than Viking, while Ca was higher in Viking than Nero. From the results, Viking could be suggested to be beneficial for food processing.

This study was performed to compare the physiological effects of puffed snack on diabetic and geriatric diseases using miscellaneous cereals and grain crops. The puffed snacks were prepared with different amounts of miscellaneous cereals and grain crops (in ratios of 10%, 20%, and 30% of brown rice). Changes in the water soluble index, water absorption index, color, antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content acidity, α-glucosidase inhibition activity, and sensory evaluation were also determined. As the cereal and crop contents increased, the value of the water soluble index increased while the water absorption index decreased, with the exception of glutinous foxtail and barnyard millets. With respect to color, lightness and yellowness decreased in concert with increases in the cereal and crop contents, whereas redness increased. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content as well as α-glucosidase inhibition activity increased remarkably with increasing concentrations of sorghum. There was no significant difference in the physiological activities depending on the addition of millet, barley and barnyard millets. In sensory evaluation, the puffed snacks containing sorghum, millet, and glutinous foxtail millet received higher values than other samples. Altogether, our results indicate that puffed snacks containing 10~20% sorghum could be suitable as ingredients for improving sensory and physiological activities in diabetic and geriatric diseases.

We examined the effects of biological activity Phellinus linteus mycelium culture with cassiae semen extract. Firstly, the optimal temperature, initial pH and culture period for mycelial growth in a liquid culture of P. linteus were determined, and they were 30℃, pH 5.0 and 8 days respectively. The five herbal materials were examined against several health functional efficacies, and, as a result, Cassiae semen was chosen, with its superior inhibitory effects in β-glucuronidase inhibitory activity, electron donating activity, ACE inhibitory, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities(95.3%, 80.9%, 96.1 and 24.2%, respectively). P. linteus fruit body was investigated on β-glucuronidase inhibitory activity, electron donating activity, ACE inhibitory, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, and they were 54.7%, 81.9%, 30.0% and 20.1%, respectively. Accordingly, C. semen was used in the following experiment, to give an additive functional effect on the P. linteus. As the amount of C. semen in the cultural media increased, mycelial weight and β-glucan contents also increased, but final pH was not influenced. In addition, the β-glucuronidase inhibitory activity, electron donating activity, and α- glucosidase inhibitory activity increased. P. linteus mycelium culture showed higher activities in the other three tests above, except for electron donating activity, when C. semen was added to the medium before cultivation.

본 연구는 김치건조분말을 제조하는 과정에서 김치의 발효과정과 건조 전후에서 나타나는 향기성분의 변화를 조사하고, β-cyclodextrin의 첨가로 인한 향기성분 포집효과를 검증하고자 GC-MS를 이용하여 분석실험을 실시하였다. 김치를 제조하여 20oC에서 발효시켰을 때, 초기 2일째는 dimethyl sulfide와 carbon disulfide가 생성되었고, 7일이 경과하였을 때, dimethyl disulfide, methyl 2-propenyl disulfide, allyl methyl sulfide, and di-2-propenyl disulfide의 황화합물이 주된 향기성분으로 검출되었다. 본 김치시료를 감압건조 하였을 때, 11개 화합물이 검출되지 않았고 dimethyl sulfide, acetaldehyde and methanethiol를 주로 포함하는 13개 화합물이 잔류하였다. 건조공정 중에서 김치 향기성분의 손실을 최소화하고자 0.25-1.0% 농도의 β-cyclodextrin을 건조보조제로 첨가하였을 때, 향기성분의 포집효과에 의해 건조 김치분말에 잔류하는 향기성분의 함량이 평균 3% 증가하였다. 본 연구결과로 볼 때 cyclodextrin은 건조 김치분말 제조공정뿐만 아니라 건조식품제조에서 건조보조제로 효과적으로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

소비자들의 자연식품에 대한 선호도와 기능성 효과가 규명된 천연물질에 대한 선호도가 계속 증가하는 시점에서 기능성이 뛰어난 검은비늘버섯을 이용하여 검은비늘버섯분말 첨가 머핀의 이화학적 품질특성과 생리활성 및 관능적 특성을 조사하였다. 검은비늘버섯 분말을 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10% 및 15%로 첨가하여 제조한 머핀의 pH, 부피, 높이, 색도, 수분함량 등 물성실험 및 기능성 실험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. pH는 15% 첨가구가 8.03%로 가장 낮았고 검은비늘버섯 분말을 첨가할수록 감소하였다. 부피와 높이는 검은비늘버섯을 첨가할수록 감소하였으며, 색도는 버섯분말의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 L값과 b값이 점차 감소하였고, a값은 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 수분함량에서는 대조구가 26.72%로 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였으나 유의적인 차이가 없었고(p<0.05), 굽기 손실에서는 대조구가 8.04%로 모든 시료 중 가장 높게 나왔고, 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타났다. 머핀의 물성분석에서 경도와 검성은 첨가량이 증가할수록 값이 증가하였고 부착성, 탄력성, 응집성 및 씹힘성은 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 탄력성은 유의적 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 검은비늘버섯 첨가 머핀 메탄올 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 15% 첨가구에서 40.42 mg%로 가장 높게 나타났다. ABTS radical 소거활성은 대조구가 25.72 mg TE/g ER 로 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 radical 활성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 머핀의 관능평가에서 5% 첨가구에서 색, 향, 맛, 조직감 등 전체적으로 관능적 특성이 가장 좋게 나타났고, 색과 향에서 유의적 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 전체적인 기호도에서 2.5%, 5% 첨가구의 유의성이 같아 선호도가 비슷하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 검은비늘버섯 분말을 첨가하여 머핀을 제조하면 기존의 머핀에 비하여 품질이나 관능적인 면에서 크게 뒤지지 않으면서 영양적, 건강기능적으로 갖출 수 있으며, 머핀 제조 시 5% 검은비늘버섯 분말을 첨가하는 것이 가장 바람직하다고 생각된다.