This article’s aim is to review the jurisprudence which has emerged pursuant to the international dispute settlement provisions and to provide a provisional expectation as to the future of international dispute settlement under“UNCLOS”. Globally, marine fisheries play an important role in ocean biodiversity and the food security of millions of people, providing a vital source of high-quality dietary protein and supporting individuals’livelihoods and income. In the 1982 Convention, the establishment of co-operative mechanisms for effective monitoring, control, surveillance and enforcement, decision-making procedures facilitating the adoption of such measures of conservation and management, and the promotion of the peaceful settlement of disputes are called for. In this study,‘Northeast Asian Sea’means that the Yellow/ East China Sea, the East Sea, the Ohotsk Sea, the Kamchaka Sea, the Alaska Sea, and the Bering Sea surrounded by Korea, China, Japan, Russia, U.S.A. and Canada including their EEZs. There are several bilateral fisheries agreements existing in Northeast Asian area, the Fisheries Agreement between Republic Korea and Japan, between Republic of Korea and China, between China and Japan, between Republic Korea and U.S.A., between Republic Korea and Russia, between Russia and Japan, And there are several regional fisheries organizations existing in Northeast Asian area, for example NPAFC(Convention for the Conservation of Anadromous Stocks in the North Pacific Ocean), CBSPC (Convention on the Central Bering Sea Pollack Conservation), PICES(North Pacific Marine Science Organization), NPFC(North Pacific Fishery Commi-ssion) etc. It analyzed the proliferation of bilateral treaties and multilateral treaties due to the adoption of the EEZ in Northeast Asia reviewed the strengthening of management rights on the high seas marine living resources and marine environment preservation of regional fisheries organizations. In view of the changes in the international fisheries mechanism this paper suggested the future direction of the country in overseas fisheries. We concluded as follows. We shall apply bilateral treaties first, regional fisheries organizations’treaties secondly, and provisions under“UNCLOS”for dispute settlement last.

This study was carried out to apply an optimized convenient assay, exploiting azo dye-bound chromogenic substrates, to measurement of protease activity. When determined for responses at varying concentrations of two substrates, azocasein and azoalbumin, using 0.5 and 5.0 mg/mL each of bovine pancreas trypsin, 3% azocasein was found to be the most appropriate substrate solution to measure protease activity. Compared with a conventional casein-Folin phenol assay, the chromogen-based protease assay exploiting 3% azocasein showed better precision to have a coefficient of variability in seven repetitive measurements less than 1.11%. When various reagent-grade and industrial proteases that showed proteinase or peptidase activities were tested by this assay at increasing enzyme concentrations, typical shape of rectangular hyperbola in activity-enzyme concentration profiles was observed. In addition, the assay of this study was suitable for activity measurement in real samples that were prepared by hydrolyzing wheat gluten and anchovy fine powder with proteases.

Transposon elements are widely distributed in the plant genomes. Maize genome consists of various transposable elements that constitute as much as 80% of the genome. Transposon display (TD) is a modified from AFLP, and can be used to generate and display hundreds of genomic fragments affixed to transposons, consequently tagging transposons. We developed maize specific transposon insertion- sequence characterized amplified regions (Ti-SCAR) using Isaac and CACTA transposons. Currently, we have developed 58 dominant Ti-SCAR markers. Validation of the Ti-SCARs is being carried out using a various maize germplasm. Since AFLP is tedious and unsuitable for large scale application in MAS, the Ti-SCAR markers displayed simple binary presence or absence pattern. Thus, the Ti-SCARs can provide a fast, cheap and reliable PCR based assay. A pipeline in developing the Ti-SCAR will be presented in the poster.

식물연구에 있어 다양한 분자마커의 개발은 학문적 그리고 기술적으로 새로운 혁신을 가져왔다. DNA를 이용한 분자마커는 DNA 지문뿐만 아니라 식물의 분류학, 생리학 및 유전공학 등 다양한 분야에서 사용되고 있다. 밀은 옥수수, 벼와 함께 세계 중요 3대 작물 중 하나로서 17,000 Mb의 게놈을 가지고 있어 연구에 많은 어려움이 따르고 있다. 본 연구는 현재까지 보고된 분자마커를 이용한 밀 연구 분야에 관한 보고들을 분석하여 앞으로의 연구 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 1990년부터 2012년까지 발표된 주요 논문 1,123편을 분석한 결과 유전육종 분야가 38.3%로 가장 높았으며, 분자표지인자와 생리학 분야가 각각 26.9%와 1.5%로 나타났다. 미국을 포함하여 중국, 호주 영국 등 4개국에서 발표한 논문이 전체의 50% 이상을 차지하고 있으며, 이들 국가소속기관 연구소에서 발표된 논문이 전체의 52%로서, 대학보다 활발히 진행되고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 밀의 연구는 1992년부터 2007년까지 급격하게 증가하였는데 이것은 밀의 다양한 육종사업과 분자표지인자 기법의 발달이 영향을 미쳤기 때문이다. 그러나 국내 밀의 연구 논문은 88편으로 2008년 이후 대부분 보고되는 것으로 보아 밀의 연구가 매우 늦게 시작된 것을 알 수 있다. 현재까지 국내 밀의 연구는 유전육종 분야에 집중되어 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 국산 밀은 ‘금강’ 등 30 여 품종이 생산량 증가, 재해저항성 증진 등의 목적으로 육성되었다. 예를들어 백립계 제면용으로서 내한성과 붉은곰팡이 중도 저항성을 가지는 ‘한백’, ‘적중’, ‘알찬’, ‘수강’ 등의 품종이 개발되었다. 이와 같이 다양한 목적에 맞는 밀 품종이 육성되어 있기 때문에 이 후의 연구는 용도별 신품종 육성과 함께 국산 밀 품종을 보호하는 방향으로 나아가야할 것이다. 이를 위해선 국산 밀의 기본적인 식물적 특성과 유전적 특성이 확립되어야한다. 최근 국산 밀의 품질 및 품종 판별에 적합한 분자표지인자를 개발하기 위한 다양한 분석방법이 시도되고 있다. 다양한 분자표지인 자 기술 및 개발은 앞으로의 밀 육종사업에 유용한 도구로서 이용가치가 매우 높기 때문에 SSR, ISSR, STS 등의 분자표지인자를 개발하여 국내 밀품종을 보호할 뿐만 아니라, 밀의 수량성 및 고품질과 내재해성 등에 관련된 많은 연구를 통하여 밀의 품질과 수량성 향상에 이용해야 할 것이다.

EST-SSRs were developed in Brassica napus by database mining. We isolated 7,802 EST-SSRs from the B. napus 643,946 ESTs deposited in the NCBI. With the cut-off value of >10 repeats in di-nucleotide repeats and >7 tri-nucleotide repeats, 303 ESTs were suitable for primer designing for PCR amplification. Of the sixteen possible di-nucleotide combinations, only three types of repeats (AC/GT, AG/CT, and AT/TA) were present among the di-nucleotide EST-SSRs. Whereas, 27 tri-nucleotide repeat motifs from the 64 possible combinations were present. The repeat numbers ranged from 10-15 in di-nucleotide repeats and 7-9 in tri-nucleotide repeat motifs, respectively. By checking PCR amplification in 10 Korean rapeseed breeding lines or cultivars, 234 primer pairs showed successful PCR amplification and 142 of the 234 primer pairs revealed polymorphism among the control cultivars or breeding lines. While the repeat length does not related with the SSR polymorphisms, the repeat motif number showed positive relation with the polymorphism generation by showing higher repeat numbers with higher polymorphisms. We are here presenting the PCR amplifiable primer sequences of the 234 SSR primer pairs to aid in the germplasm management and breeding programs of the B. napus in Korea.

This paper describes the variations in eight agronomic traits in three unadapted local landraces and an inbred cultivar of corn. To compare the agronomic traits in field evaluation with molecular marker evaluation the genotypes of the plant introduction were also checked by 4 microsatellite-SSR loci. The variations of the eight agronomic traits were higher in the local landrades than in the inbred line. which was substantiated by the high genetic variation in the landrades with microsatellite-SSR loci. The level of genetic variation was also different between landraces. Since the genetic evaluation can be easily quantified by the analysis of microsatellite-SSR loci. the threshold level of genetic homogeneity in the population for parental lines in breeding program can be determined and the effort of maintaining the landrace population would be alleviated. As an example in our analysis. the entry from Whachon should not need the same number of selfing generations as the other two landraces to get the level of inbred state. Since this line showed lowest intra-genetic variation within the population.