We are currently developing the smart mosquito counter device (height 1080mm × width 560mm × diameter 320mm, 220V 60Hz 30W), which can attract the blood sucking female mosquitoes by emitting CO2 gas (300ml/min), can count the number of the captured mosquitoes by an infra-red beam area sensor, and can send the captured mosquitoes’ number through the CDMA module at real time. We operated the 8 – 16 devices with mosquito sensor networks and a server at the Youngdeungpo-gu areas in Seoul city of south Korea for three years (2011-2013) and we could efficiently control mosquitoes at the high mosquito density area based on the mosquito sensor’s data. We found that the accuracy of the device was about over 93% compared the real mosquito data and transmitted data by CDMA. We also found the water reservoir areas to control floods in Seoul metro city had relatively higher mosquito density than other normal areas, because those flat water areas were preferred by mosquitoes. Because our pest control office knew the mosquito occurrence peak times and areas from mosquito data transmitted by the mosquito sensor devices, we efficiently controlled mosquito larva and adults at the right time. We could accomplish very systematic mosquito control policy and we had the high credibility with the results. Based on the mosquito occurrence data, we selectively and scientifically controlled mosquitoes. Therefore, we reduced pesticide usage and saved annually pesticide expenses up to 2/3. Conclusively, if there is no mosquito, we don’t have to control mosquitoes.

Kaposi's sarcoma is a lympho-angioproliferative disease that primarily affects the skin and subcutaneous tissues. Most importantly, Kaposi’s sarcoma occurs in the immunocompromised, especially AIDS patients and organ transplant recipients being treated with immunosuppressants. The occurrence of classic Kaposi’s sarcoma after the diagnosis of any primary solid tumor has rarely been reported. We experienced a 70-year-old man, who had received surgery and chemoradiotherapy for the treatment of primary gallbladder cancer, that developed multiple tender deep purple papules on his trunk, back and feet which were proven to be pathologic symptoms of Kaposi’s sarcoma.

This study was conducted to assess genetic diversity among 16 genotypes of boxthorn (Lycium chinensis Mill.) using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The 18 ISSR primers out of 100 primers showed the amplification of 101 reproducible fragments. A total of 56 DNA fragments were polymorphic with an average 3.1 polymorphic bands per primer. The polymorphic primers were divided into 16 anchored primers and 2 non-anchored primers. All of the anchored primers were di-nucleotide repeat motif, and polymorphism level was higher in the primers with poly GA and CT motif than CA and GT motif primers. Based on polymorphism, cluster analysis was conducted by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) methods. Sixteen boxthorn varieties and accessions were separated into 2 distinctive groups and genetic distance of cluster ranged from 0.82 to 0.97. Eighteen markers were able to distinguish every variety. Therefore, ISSR markers may be suitable for characterizing the large numbers of germplasms and fingerprinting of boxthorn varieties.