The continuous development of in-vehicle information systems in recent years has dramatically enriched drivers’ driving experience while occupying their cognitive resources to varying degrees, causing driving distraction. Under this complex information system, managing the complexity and priority of information and further improvement in driving safety has become a key issue that needs to be urgently solved by the in-vehicle information system. The new interactive methods incorporating the augmented reality (AR) and head-up display (HUD) technologies into in-vehicle information systems are currently receiving widespread attention. This superimposes various onboard information into an actual driving scene, thereby meeting the needs of complex tasks and improving driving safety. Based on the qualitative research methods of surveys and telephone interviews, this study collects the information needs of the target user groups (i.e., beginners and skilled drivers) and constructs a three-mode information database to provide the basis for a customized AR-HUD interface design.

Voice user interface has become a commercially viable and extensive interaction mechanism with the development of voice assistants. Despite the popularity of voice assistants, the academic community does not utterly understand about what, when, and how users chat with them. Chatting with a voice assistant is crucial as it defines how a user will seek the help of the assistant in the future. This study aims to cover the essence and construct of conversational AI, to develop a classification method to deal with user utterances, and, most importantly, to understand about what, when, and how Chinese users chat with voice assistants. We collected user utterances from the real conventional database of a commercial voice assistant, NetEase Sing in China. We also identified different utterance categories on the basis of previous studies and real usage conditions and annotated the utterances with 17 labels. Furthermore, we found that the three top reasons for the usage of voice assistants in China are the following: (1) greeting, (2) function, and (3) music. Chinese users like to interact with voice assistants at night from 7 PM to 10 PM, and they are polite toward the assistants. The whole percentage of negative feedback utterances is less than 6%, which is considerably low. These findings appear to be useful in voice interaction designs for intelligent hardware.

Single crystals, which have complexed composition, are fabricated by solid state grain growth. However, it is hard to achieve stable properties in a single crystal due to trapped pores. Aerosol deposition (AD) is suitable for fabrication of single crystals with stable properties because this process can make a high density coating layer. Because of their unique features (nano sized grains, stress inner site), it is hard to fabricate single crystals, and so studies of grain growth behavior of AD film are essential. In this study, a BaTiO3 coating layer with ~ 9 μm thickness is fabricated using an aerosol deposition method on (100) and (110) cut SrTiO3 single crystal substrates, which are adopted as seeds for grain growth. Each specimen is heat-treated at various conditions (900, 1,100, and 1,300℃ for 5 h). BaTiO3 layer shows different growth behavior and X-ray diffraction depending on cutting direction of SrTiO3 seed. Rectangular pillars at SrTiO3 (100) and laminating thin plates at SrTiO3 (110), respectively, are observed.

Frankliniella occidentalis is a major pest in agriculture. Following overuse of insecticides, high resistance has developed due to its high reproduction rate and short generation time. To control the resistant strains of the thrips, the ingestion RNAi- based control was established. A total of 67 genes were selected, and their double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) were delivered to thrips via the leaf disc-feeding method. Among the genes screened, the dsRNA of Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) and coatomer protein subunit epsilon (COPE) resulted in the highest mortality (3.8- and 2.8-fold faster LT50 compared to control, respectively) when ingested by thrips. The dsRNA-fed thrips showed 53% and 83% reduced transcription levels of TLR6 and COPE, respectively. This result demonstrates that the observed mortality of thrips following dsRNA ingestion was due to RNAi, and this lethal genes can be employed as a practical tool to control thrips in the field.

This study examines paraelectric Bi1.5Zn1.0Nb1.5O7 (BZN), which has no hysteresis and high dielectric strength, for energy density capacitor applications. To increase the breakdown dielectric strength of the BZN film further, poly(vinylidene fluoride) BZN-PVDF composite film is fabricated by aerosol deposition. The volume ratio of each composition is calculated using dielectric constant of each composition, and we find that it was 12:88 vol% (BZN:PVDF). To modulate the structure and dielectric properties of the ferroelectric polymer PVDF, the composite film is heat-treated at 200 oC for 5 and 30 minutes following quenching. The amount of α-phase in the PVDF increases with an increasing annealing time, which in turn decreases the dielectric constant and dielectric loss. The breakdown dielectric strength of the BZN film increases by mixing PVDF. However, the breakdown field decreases with an increasing annealing time. The BZN-PVDF composite film has the energy density of 4.9 J/cm3, which is larger than that of the pure BZN film of 3.6 J/cm3.

The organic light-emitting diodes are fabricated with six anthracene derivatives containing simple substituents such as phenyl or naphthyl group. The device structure is as in the following: Indium tin oxide (ITO) (180 nm)/4,4-4,4`,4``-tris[N-(1-naphthyl)-Nphenylamino] triphenylamine (2-TNATA) (30 nm)/4,4`-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenyl-1-amino] biphenyl (NPB) (20 nm)/Emitting compound (30 nm)/2,2′,2"- (1,3,5-Benzinetriyl)-tris (1-phenyl-1-H–benz-imidazole) TPBi (40 nm)/lithium quinolate (Liq) (2 nm)/Al (100 nm). In the emitting layer the anthracene derivatives are used without any dopant. All the six devices show blue emissions. Among the tested diodes, the one with 9-(2-naphthyl)-10-(p-tolyl) anthracene (2-NTA) exhibited luminous efficiency, power and external quantum efficiencies of 3.26 cd/A, 0.98 lm/A, 2.8 % at 20 mA/cm .

Anthracene has been a motive molecule for the blue-emitting materials in OLED. Since the blue emission needs big band gap between HOMO and LUMO, the blue-emitting materials are rare. In this paper, some anthracene derivatives containing simple aryl groups are synthesized and characterized. Regardless of the substituents the absorption and the emission bands are similar to each other and similar to the derivatives with the bulky silyl groups. The thermal and the CIE tests imply that among the tested 9-(2-naphthyl)-10-phenylanthracene is most promising for the diode. The material for the emission layer has to be investigated, which is simple to be prepared as well as good in the electrical and the thermal properties.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes acute diarrhea and dehydration in pigs with high mortality. PEDV is belong to Coronavirus, enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus. PEDV particles were composed of four structure proteins such as a glycosylated peplomer (spike, S) protein, envelope (E), glycosylated membrane (M) protein, and unglycosylated RNA-binding nucleocapsid (N) protein. Many of previous studies talk about this four structure proteins have a great potential to diagnosis and prevent PEDV. In this study we investigated expression of these structure proteins using the bacterial and baculovirus expression system. In bacterial expression system, our results showed that structure proteins fused polyhedrin and intein gene were expressed higher than non-fusion structure proteins. The expressed fusion proteins were used to immune mice for generating a polyclonal antibodies. In baculovirus expression system, co-infection of insect cells with these four recombinant baculoviruses led to self-assembly of virus-like particles as demonstrated by Transmission electron microscopy. They were confirmed by western blot analysis using pre-made polyclonal antibodies. Finding in this study may provide important information for vaccine and diagnostic development.

Insects are among the most diverse groups of animals on the planet, representing more than half of all known living organisms. These insects are found in nearly every environment. Although humans regard certain insects as pests and attempt to control them using insecticides, most insects perform complex ecological functions, and provide either direct or indirect economic benefits to humans. Recently, the importance of insects used as food sources or as pets has increased in many countries, including Korea. In addition, several insects have a strong influence on people's emotion. Insect-mediated mental healthcare program is designed to help people who have disorders with physical, behavior and development. Children who have mental disorder, the experimental group that was provided with an insect-mediated mental healthcare program over a total of 8 sections, one section per week, 60 minutes per section, followed by pre-test and post-test. They responded to therapeutic effect after the completion of the program. Further research on the basis of this study is expected to help children with emotional therapy in other areas.

The population of managed honey bees has been dramatically declining the recent past in worldwide. The one of most common disease of bees is nosemosis, the nosemosis is caused by microsporidia in the genus Nosema. Nosema apis and N. ceranae have been described as honeybee pathogens. These microsporidia are highly evoloved fungi with an obligately intracellular parasitic lifstyle. The disease causes significant detriment to honey production and results in economic losses. In our knowledge, Fumagillin is the only antibiotic approved for control of nosemosis in honey bees, however this antibiotic may have unintended effects on the honey bee host, ultimately contributing to increased prevalence and pathogenicity of Nosema. Therefore, we screened anti-Nosema substances from entomopathogenic fungal culture filtrates using in vitro polar tube germination assay. These fungal metabolites are employed as antibiotic agents. As results, Total 3 samples (23% of 13 total samples) showing the germinating inhibition against N. ceranae. This screening method may be useful for the detection of anti-Nosema substances from various samples and selected samples in this study may be a good feature to be used in the development of a new biocontrol method of nosemosis.

Porcine parvovirus (PPV), a member of the genus Parvovirus, family Parvoviridae, is a significant causative agent in porcine reproductive failure, causing serious economic losses in the swine industry. PPV is a non-enveloped virus and its capsid is assembled from three viral proteins (VP1, VP2, and VP3). The major capsid protein, VP2 is the main target for neutralizing antibodies in PPV. When VP2 was expressed in large amounts, it assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs) similar in size and morphology to the original virions. In this study, we generated the recombinant Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) to express the VP2 protein. Expression of the VP2 protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The recombinant VP2 protein of approximately 64 kDa was detected by both analyses. The formation of VLP by recombinant VP2 was confirmed through transmission electron microscopy examination. The purified VP2 protein assembled into spherical particles with diameters ranging from 20 to 22 nm.

The Asian honeybee, Apis cerana, is a native honeybee species in Korea which is important in agriculture for pollination and honey production. For better understanding of the physiology of A. cerana, high-throughput Illumina transcriptome sequencing was performed to analyze the gene expression profiles of queen, worker and larva. A total of 219,799,682 clean reads corresponding to 22.2Gb of nucleotide sequences was obtained from the whole body total RNA samples. The Apis mellifera reference mRNA sequence database was used to measure the gene expression level with Bowtie2 and eXpress software and the Illumina short reads were mapped to 11,459 out of 11,736 A. mellifera reference genes. Total of 9,221 genes with FPKM value greater than 5 of each sample group were subjected to evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups (eggNOG) with BLASTX for gene ontology analysis. The differential gene expression between queen and worker, and worker and larva were analyzed to screen the overexpressed genes in each sample group. in the queen and worker sample group, total of 1,766 genes were differentially expressed with 887 and 879 genes overexpressed over two folds in queen and worker, respectively. In the worker and larva sample group, total of 1,410 genes were differentially expressed with 1,009 and 401 genes overexpressed over two folds in worker and larva, respectively.

Rice stripe virus (RSV) is one of the serious plant pathogenic viruses for rice and mediated by small brown planthopper, Laodalphax striatellus. So far, the studies have been mainly focused on the interaction between the host plant and the virus. In this study, for better comprehension of the interactions among Rice stripe virus, rice and small brown planthopper, transcriptomes of the RSV-viruliferous (RVLS) and non-viruliferous L. striatellus (NVLS) were comparatively analysed. For this, non-viruliferous L. striatellus were collected from non-infected rice field and fed RSV-infected rice for 5 days. With the RNAs prepared from the RSV-viruliferous and the non-viruliferous small brown planthoppers, we conducted Illumina RNA sequencing (Hiseq 2000) and then two transcriptome databases were generated from RVLS and NVLS, respectively. The transcriptome of RVLS and NVLS were campared to figure out how the gene expression of the insects affected by Rice Stripe Virus. RSV-dependently regulated genes analysed from this study may have important functions in the transmission and replication of RSV.

최근 Fringe-Field Switching (FFS) 모드는 모든 고화질 액정디스플레이에 적용되고 있다. FFS 모드의 전기광학 특성은 전극 구조, 위상지연값, 러빙각, 셀갭, 액정의 유전율 이방성 (Δε) 크기 및 부호와 같은 셀 및 액정 변수에 따라 크게 의존한다. 본 연구에서는 FFS 모드에서 유전율 이방성의 부호가 다르지만 크기가 동일한 조건에서 FFS모드의 전기광학 특성을 연구하였다. 연구 결과에 의하면 전압 인가시 Δε 절대값이 같더라도 유전율 이방성이 음인 액정의 경우가 탄성변형이 용이해 유전율 이방성 양인 액정에 비해 구동 전압이 약 10% 정도 낮은 결과를 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 FFS모드의 본질을 이해하는데 큰 도움을 준다고 확신한다.

본 연구에서는 말단기에 diene 기와 dithiol 기를 갖는 두 가지 새로운 액정 단량체의 합성을 보고하며, 이를 배향 후 광경화하여 광학 위상지연 필름을 제조하는 방법에 대해 논의하였다. 특히 합성된 두 가지액정단량체의 구조를 확인하였으며, 이들의 액정특성을 연구하였다. 또한 이들을 광개시제와 혼합하여광경화형 액정조성물을 제조하고 이를 러빙 배향막이 코팅된 표면 위에서배향시킨 후 광조사하여 thiol-ene 중합에 의해 경화함으로써 광학 위상지연 필름을 제조하였다.

The purpose of this study was to find discover the effects of self-efficacy and self-esteem on the appearance management behavior of female college students. As for the study method, questionnaire survey sheets on general traits like age, grade year, major and management cost, sense of self-efficacy, self-esteem, and appearance management behavior were distributed to female college students. The responses were measured based on a 5-points Likert scale. The results of this study are as follow: One’s sense of social self-efficacy and self-esteem were both found to affect appearance management behavior significantly. In other words, the greater one’s sense of social self-efficacy, which represents one's sense of confidence in inter-personal relations, the greater one’s appearance management behaviors to enhance her own value. Furthermore, the greater one’s self-esteem(the way one feels positively about oneself), the greater one’s appearance management behaviors. As a result, it can be judged that the more an individual wants to act more capable in different contexts, the more she tries to make up for her own disadvantage. To highlight her own advantages for the sake of greater positive social activities and inter-personal relation, the more she takes to improve her image through appearance management behaviors. It is anticipated that such an examination of appearance management behavior, sense of self-efficacy and self-esteem among female college students will serve as useful data for appearance-related industries by enabling them to properly under stand their clientele’s psychological traits.

일반적인 pattemed vertical alignment (PV A)모드는 도에인의 경계부분에서의 액정 방향자틀 의 충돌로 인해 투과율 감소를 나타나게 된다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 하부기판 화소 전극 사이에 바이어스 전극을 위치시킨 새로운 형태의 PVA모드를 제안하였다. 제안된 구조에 전압 인 가시 상하부 가판에 수직전기장 뿐만 아니라 화소전극과 바이어스 전극간의 프란지 필드륜 형성하게 되어 액정 방향자들의 충돌이 작아지게 된다. 그 결과 본 논문에서 제안한 새로운 PVA의 광 투과율은 기존 PVS 모드에 비해 10%이상 향상되었다.

수평 배향 액정 모드는 양의 유전율 이방성과 음의 유전융 이방성 액정을 사용한 프린지 필드 스위칭과 양의 유전율 이방성 액정을 사용한 인플래인 스위칭 모드가 대표적이다 . 이 대표적인 세 구동 방식의 화질 특성을 비교하기 위하여 각각의 최척화된 위상지연 값 조건하에서 밝기, 명암대비율과 색 특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 양액정과 음액정을 사용한 프린지 필드 스위칭 모드가 밝기와 명암대비율 면에 있어서 인플래인 스위칭 모드보다 우수한 특성을 보인다. 또한 양액정을 사용한 프린지 필드 스위 칭 모드는 시야각 방향에서 적은 색 변이 특성을 보인다.