본 논문에서는 시야의 좌측과 우측만 가리는 시야 가리개를 이용하여 주변 시야 가림에 따른 집중력 향상 효과에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 사용한 시야 가리개는 가로와 세로 5 cm x 4 .8 cm 의 사다리꼴 모양으로 안경의 좌측과 우측에 고정 클립으로 부착할 수 있도록 하였다. 재질은 검정색의 폴리프로필렌(Polyprolylene)소재를 이용하였으며 클립을 포함하여 무게는 2.3 gram이었다. 건강한 20대 대학생 50명을 대상으로 15일간 시야 가리개를 사용하도록 한 후 정성평가와 정량평가를 수행하였다. 정성평가는 집중력 향상과 시야 가리개의 구조에 대한 설문조사로 진행하였다. 정량평가를 위하여 주의력 집중이 필요한 학습 동영상을 시청하도록 하면서 뇌파를 측정하였고 전두엽(frontal lobe) 영역인 F4 위치에 대한 Mid β 밴드(15~20Hz) 신호의 파워(power)와 ERD/S 분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과 50명 중 80%인 40명이 시야 가리개를 착용하였을 때 집중력이 향상되었다고 보고하였다. 정량평가 결과 시야 가리개를 착용하고 동영상을 시청하였을 때 ERS peak(p=.023)와 ERD+ERS peak 값이 유의(p=.017)한 차이를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 좌측과 우측의 시야 가리개만을 사용하여도 집중력이 향상되는 결과를 도출하였다. 시야를 모두 가리는 덮개 형태 또는 시야의 상측과 하측을 가리지 않더라도 집중력을 향상시킬 수 있기 때문에 향후 간편한 방법으로 집중이 필요한 다양한 환경에서 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

The multi-tactile stimulation system was developed to analyze cognitive function characteristics. The developed system consists of three units; control unit, drive unit and actuator that simultaneously and separately supports the vibration, heat, and pressure stimulation. From the results, vibration stimuli have a wide frequency range of 0-300 Hz comprising 20 levels, and stimulation intensity comprising 40 levels. The control temperature and stimulation temperature used for heat stimulation comprise four and eight levels, respectively. Pressure stimuli in the range of 0-600 mmHg can be stimulated comprising 12 levels. Therefore, the developed stimulator can be used for integrative tactile perception and cognition studies on various vibration, heat and pressure sensations.

In this paper, we developed a power amplifier system for driving a solenoid coil. The developed system consists of three units; control unit, drive unit and coil. The control unit generates a drive signal of sinusoidal wave type, monitors an operating status of the drive unit and vibration characteristics of the coil. The drive unit drives a solenoid coil in response to command from the control unit. The coil was fabricated with the size of diameter in 1.5 cm and length in 1.7 cm using electric copper wire. 4 types of drive unit were tested with thermal and vibration characteristics of the coil using temperature sensor and 3-axis accelerometer, respectively. From the result, the developed system has many advantages with respect to simple control algorithm, small size, and operates stably up to 68 watts driving condition.

In this study, the masking effect of olfactory stimulus on the awakening state due to sound stimuli while driving using Graphic Driving Simulator was observed through the response of autonomic nervous system. The test was conducted for 11 males in their twenties. The siren of ambulance car was presented to them as auditory stimulus for 30 secs while driving in a situation of high way in the condition of both peppermint and control, respectively, and LF/HF ratio of HRV (Heart Rate Variability), the activity index of sympathetic nerve, and GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) response were examined. The test was proceeded in the order of three stages, that is, sound stimuli (test 1), driving performance, and sound stimuli (test 2), and fragrance stimulus, driving performance, and sound stimuli (test 3), and the physiological signal of GSR, HRV was measured in the whole stages. As a result of test, comparing the results of before and after auditory stimulus test (1) (p < 0.01), test (2) (p < 0.05), and test (3) (p <0.01), driving performance test (2) (p < 0.01), test (3) (p < 0.01), and olfactory stimulus test (3) (p < 0.05), respectively, GSR response increased, showing significant difference in all the tests. It indicates that when auditory stimulus was presented to the subjects, they were in the awakening state as sympathetic nervous system got activated. As a result of comparing auditory stimulus while driving before and after presenting olfactory stimulus, there was no significant difference in GSR response. The LF/HF ratio of HRV increased, showing a significant difference only in test (2) (p < 0.05), and in driving performance test (2) (p < 0.05) in auditory stimulus, however, it showed no significant difference in olfactory stimulus. As a result of comparing auditory stimulus while driving before and after presenting olfactory stimulus, there was a decrease, showing significant difference (p < 0.05) in LF/HF ratio of HRV. That is, it means that the activation of sympathetic nervous system decreased, and that parasympathetic nervous system got activated. From these results, it was observed that while driving, the awakening level due to auditory stimulus was settled with olfactory stimulus. In conclusion, it was drawn that while driving, olfactory stimulus could have the masking effect on auditory stimulus.

In this study, it was observed through the ability of performing secondary tasks and baseline fetal heart rate how the supply of lavender, peppermint and highly concentrated oxygen (40%) affected distraction due to the performance of secondary tasks in the driving environment. Twelve male university students conducted secondary tasks while driving in the environments (6 in total) mixed and designed with oxygen concentration (21%, 40%) and the condition of odors (Normal, Lavender, Peppermint). The test was proceeded in order of stable state (5mins), driving (5mins), and secondary tasks (1min), and by extracting ECG data from every section by 30secs, the mean value of baseline fetal heart rate was calculated. As a result of analysis, in the ability of performing secondary tasks, a percentage of correct answers showed no difference in oxygen concentration and the condition of odors (p > 0.05). In performance completion time, a percentage of correct answers decreased showing a statistically significant difference in the condition of odors compared with the condition where odors were not provided (p < 0.05). As for baseline fetal heart rate, in the comparison between sections, while performing secondary tasks, it increased showing a significant difference compared with stable state and driving state (p < 0.05). The effect of interaction was observed in oxygen concentration and the condition of odors. When odors were not provided, baseline fetal heart rate decreased in 40% oxygen concentration compared with 21% oxygen concentration (p < 0.05), however, when peppermint was provided, it increased in 40% oxygen concentration compared with 21% oxygen concentration (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the fact that the condition of odors increased the ability of calculation, and when only the highly concentrated oxygen was provided, parasympathetic nerve system was activated, however, when highly concentrated oxygen was provided with peppermint at the same time, sympathetic nervous system (sns) was activated, which had a negative effect on the autonomic nervous system was drawn.

This study investigated changes in cognitive ability of intellectual and disability people by supplying two different condition of oxygen (21%, and 92%), during visual matching task. 10 males (average 28.7±4.7 years), and 13 females (average 34.1±7.2 years) in intellectual and disability people were selected as the subjects for this study. The each run consisted of four phases, i.e., Rest (2 min.), Adaptation (1 min.), Control (2 min.) and Task (2 min.). The analysis of cognitive performance with 92% oxygen administration when compared to 21% oxygen revealed that the response time decreased. This result supports the hypothesis that hyperoxic air increase oxygen saturation level in the blood, lead to more available oxygen to the brain, thus increase the ability of cognitive processing of intellectual and disability people.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the secondary tasks such as sending text message (STM) and searching navigation (SN) on skin conductance level (SCL) during driving. The participants included 29 taxi drivers; 14 males aged 56.7 ± 4.3 with 29.7 ± 7.0 years of driving experiences and 15 females aged 55.5 ± 3.5 with 20.1 ± 5.7 years of driving experiences. All subjects were instructed to keep a certain distance (30m) from the car ahead and a constant speed (80km/h or 100km/h). SCL was measured during driving only and driving with secondary tasks. SCL was more increased during the driving with secondary tasks than driving only. By increasing the driving speed, SCL was increased during the driving with secondary taks. Secondary tasks increased an activation of sympathetic nerve system. However, there were no significant differences in the SCL according to gender.

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effects of the secondary task with unexpected situation during simulated driving using the variable indicating control of vehicle. The subjects were participated 50s people including 15 males with 29.5±6.7 years of driving experiences and 15 females with 20.1±5.6 years of driving experiences. All subjects were instructed to keep a certain distance (30m) from the car ahead and a constant speed (80km/hr or 100km/hr). Sending text message(STM) and Searching navigation(SN) were selected as the secondary task. Experiment consisted of driving alone for 1 minute and driving with secondary task for 1 minute. It was defined driving phase and unexpected situation phase respectively. Medial-lateral coefficient of variation(MLCV) of car movement was analyzed for evaluating lane keeping in this study. In the results, MLCV was increased by 118.3% at 100km/hr. In the case of secondary task, MLCV in STN and in SN were increased by 235.1% and 290.3%, respectively. There was no significant difference between male and female. In case of driving at high-speed and with secondary task, it may be disturbed constant control of the vehicle when unexpected situation appeared suddenly.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the secondary tasks such as sending text message (STM) and searching navigation (SN) on skin conductance level (SCL) and deviation of vehicle speed during driving. The participants included 30 he

In this study, a tactile stimulator was developed to resolve some problems from the previous version of the system such as system configuration, inappropriate stimulation control and additional problems. The developed tactile stimulator consists of control unit, drive unit and vibrator unit. The control unit was controlled by E-Prime software to generate appropriate vibration pulses. The drive unit supplies enough energy to the vibrator to generate effective stimulation pulses. The vibrator unit consists of small coin type vibrator and velcro, and was made to be attached at the hand easily. The developed tactile stimulator was designed by small-size, light-weight, low-power, simple-fabrication, max 35 channels and little delay time from instruction signal of E-Prime software to vibrator. The duration and magnitude of stimulation was controlled by 10 grades and the problems concerning stimulation control were compensated by wideband frequency ranges. Additionally, the electrical safety was ensured by low voltage operation. Vibrator was made to be attached on finger as well as on any part of the subject. Since this tactile stimulator is developed based on E-Prime software which is widely used in cognitive science, it is believed that this stimulator be suitable for the wide application of cognitive science study.

The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of driving pattern between male and female drivers for a straight driving and unexpected situation using driving simulator and motion data. The participants included total 60 university students; 30

The purpose of this study was to investigated correlation between personal aggression and skin conductance level during watching attack image. Twenty three male (2 1. 4土1. 8 years) college students participated in this experiment. A personal aggression of

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of driving performance and physiological responses between young male and female drivers for unexpected situation uSlllg a graphic vehicle simulator. The participants included 20 college graduat

The purpose of this study was to examine differences between male and female in blood oxygen saturation due to 93% oxygen administration of the three levels (1L/min, 3L/min, 5L/min) Ten healthy male (25 0±1 8 years) and ten female (23 7±1 9 years) college