I have tried to make electronic listening and analyzing appratus, which were used for temporomandibular disorder patient’s. It can be heard T.M.J.D’s sounds. Normal person heard 20~20,000 Hz sound. Electronic appratus can capture furthermore. Electronic appratus composed of stethoscope rubber tube,small microphone, amplifier, telemetry, oscilloscope and speaker. The aim of oscilloscope and speaker are seen and heard T.M.J. sounds both dentists and patients.In developing countries, they use electronic stethoscope for diagnosis of heart sound and use for tele diagnosis. In my nation, laws of food and drugs were very rigid, so many researcher’s developed electronic stethoscope, but they could not produce it because of law. I suggest that soften the rigid law, and many new product will be produced. The apparatus that I developed was operated quite well both wired and wireless. It is suggested that we must develop new apparatus for T.M.D. patients and Telemedicine.

This study was performed to analyze the psychologic change of Tae-kwon-do Athletes who were wearing the mouth guard and one of contact sports during their matches of Tae-kwon-do 10 selected Tae-kwon-do athletes who had no injuries which they had college Tae-kwon-do sparring matches in the Cheon-an area have participated in the study. The oral impressions if the selected athletes were taken to produce for individual custom mouth guards. After the mouth guards were produced, each of them sat in a chair and attached G.S.R. surface electrodes in the palms of the ends of the second and third fingers of their left hands without moving their left hands, And then they were asked to watch footages of Tae-kwon-do games to stimulate them as if the had have a mock match, and Labscribe2 which are one of polygraphy was used to record their G.S.R. values. To determine whether the mouth guards affected the changes of their psychological status during the sparring matches of not, the experimental group wore the mouth guards while they watched the footages, and the control group didn’t wear any mouth guards. The G.S.R. values of the two groups were measured while the watched the footages. To see if there were and significant polygraphy differences between the experimental group and the control group in G.S.R. values, a statistical package SPSS was used to make a comparative analysis. And there were significant change in between the experimental and control group that wore the mouth guards, and it was concluded the wearing mouth guards exerts an influence on change in the psychological state of Tae-kwon-do athletes while they watch a footage of mock match.

From 2010 to 2012, this study conducted to survey occurrence of quarantine diseases occurrence on cultivation, harvest period of grapevine, and sorting places for export grapevine in export complex areas(domestic vs. export; Hwaseong in Gyeonggii, Sangju and Yeongcheon in Kyeongbuk, Namwon in Jeonbuk and Yeongdong in Chungbuk). Diagnosed diseases in this study were gray mold by Botrytis cinerea, blact rot by Botryosphaeria dothidea, anthracnose by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, bird,s eye rot by Elsinoe ampelina, Phomopsis cane by Phomopsis viticola, downy mildew by Plasmopara viticol, leaf blight by Pseudocercospora vitis, and powdery mildew by Uncinula necator. The leaf blight disease incidence and severity showed the highest infection rate in all surveyed fields. Occurrence rate of investigated all diseases was different depending on individual farmer and occurrence rate of disease was lower in export farms than that of domestic sale farms. Disease infested grapes were eliminated during selection process and ratio of removed the infection fruit is relatively well-performed in export facilities than domestic packing facilities.

The theory of visuo-vestibular conflict is the most commonly accepted to explain motion sickness. Visual, vestibular and proprioceptive afferences are in involved in balance control and this function can be improved by physical and sport activity. The purpose of the present survey was to investigate the relationships between motion sickness susceptibility in elite gymnastic & figure skating player physical activity and especially acrobatic exercise. We quantified vestibular-ocular reflex(VOR) in intensity in 7 figure skating and 7 age matched control subjects. Sensory organization test were by posturography in neuroCom EquiTest and vestibular stimulation consisted of four cycles of sinusodial rotation(.01, 04, .16, .64Hz, 60°/s) and was tested by system 2000 micromedical, Chatham, IL. The results of the study were as follow: The results are as follow. Balance score in condition 5, 6 were significantly higher than control. During sinusodial stimulations, the skaters’VOR, as compared with that of the controls, demonstrated a gain that significantly lower(p<.01), than in control one. Quantitative alterations in VOR parameters observed in gymnastic and figure skaters probably result from vestibular habituation induced by repeated unusual stimulations when practicing.

Skin is the outermost organ and acts as a barrier between the organism and environment. Skin protects the organism from environmental insults, such as chemicals, pathogens, and UV light. Much of the protective function of skin is dependent on the epidermis, a multi-layered epithelium that is composed of various cell types such as keratinocytes and melanocytes. Keratinocytes produce protective components through a sophisticated differentiation process. Disturbance of keratinocyte differentiation is related to several skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In this study, we prepared extract of combined medicinal plants (ECMP) consisting of Taraxacum platycarpum H. Dahlstedt, Heartleaf Houttuynia, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, and root bark of Ulmus davidiana. We demonstrated that ECMP enhanced keratinocyte differentiation and barrier functionality using an in vitro cell culture system and in vivo animal test. Treatment of cultured keratinocytes with ECMP resulted in induction of keratinocyte differentiation, as evidenced by increased differentiation markers such as involucrin, loricrin, and filaggrin. In line with these results, ECMP decreased proliferation of keratinocytes cultured in vitro. ECMP applied topically to tape-stripped mouse skins accelerated reduction of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), indicating fast recovery of barrier function. Immunohistochemistry showed that ECMP increased the filaggrin level in tape-stripped mouse skins. These results suggest that ECMP may be applicable for keratinocyte differentiation-related skin diseases.

포도 수출단지(경기 화성, 경북 상주와 영천, 전북 남원, 충북 영동)를 중심으로 애무늬고리장님노린 재에 의한 피해의 지역적 분포와 수출농가와 일반농가 간에 차이를 알아보고자 2010년부터 2012년까지 수행하였다. 애무늬고리장님노린재에 의한 포도 피해는 조사한 62개 과원 모두에서 나타났고, 피해율은 지역에 따라 차이가 있었으며, 동일지역 내에서도 농가별로 차이가 있었다. 내수용 포도를 생산하는 과 원에 비하여 수출용 포도를 생산하는 농가의 피해율이 낮았으며 피해신초율과 피해엽율은 높은 상관관 계를 보였다. 끈끈이트랩에는 15종의 노린재가 채집되었는데 애무늬고리장님노린재가 우점종이었다. 끈 끈이트랩에 유인되는 애무늬고리장님노린재의 밀도도 지역 간에 차이가 있었으며 수출과원이 내수과원 에 비하여 밀도가 낮았다. 포도과원에서 애무늬고리장님노린재는 수확기까지 지속적으로 끈끈이트랩에 채집되었다.

From ancient soldier to mordern athletes, it has been discussed that some oral appliance have enhanced performance and decreased stress or improve strength. Since mouth guard was used by Italien Boxer on 1930’s for prevent of orofacial injury, some investigators have researched the co-relationship between jaw position and strength. This experiment was performed to study the relationship between mouth guard and E.M.G. 20 Taekwondo students were participated in this study. They were wearing Mouth guard and checked Brachialis physical activity by E.M.G. The muscle activity of mouth guard wearing group was higher than that of non-wearing group.

본 연구는 2010년부터 2012년까지 포도수출단지(경기 화성, 경북 상주와 영천, 전북 남원, 충북 영동)에서 발생하는 병해충 조사의 일환으로 애매미충에 의한 포도 피해의 지역적 차이와 수출농가와 내수농가의 발생량 차이를 조사하였다. 애매미충에 의한 포도 잎 피해는 2010년에만 확인되었는데 지역과 농가별에 따라 차이가 있었다. 2011년과 2012년에는 애매미충에 의한 피해엽이 발생하지 않았으나 끈끈이트랩에는 채집이 되었다. 2011년 영천지역에서는 검은볼애매미충이 우점 하였고, 영동지역에서는 이슬애매미충이 우점 하였다. 2012년 조사에서는 이슬애매미충과 이마점애매미충, 검은볼애매미충이 채집되었는데 조사지역이나 과원의 관리형태(수출과원과 내수과원)에 따라 밀도에 차이가 있었다. 모든 조사지역에 서 이슬애매미충이 우점 하였고, 수출과원에 비하여 내수과원의 밀도가 높았으나 채집 개체 수는 트랩당 2마리 내외로 낮았다.

The green pale plant bug, Apolygus spinolae was one of the main insect pests that damaged leaves and fruit in grapes and its damage status was firstly reported in 2000 in grape orchards. This research was conducted to evaluate the distribution and difference in damage rate depending in management type of grapevine orchards (domestic sale farm vs export farm) in the export complex area of Korea (Hwangsung in Gyeonggii, Sangju and Yeongcheon in Gyeongbuk, Namwon in Junbuk and Yeongdong in Chungbuk) from 2010 to 2012. Damage by A. spinolae occurred in all 62 survey farms and damage rate differed depending on locality and individual farms in the same area. Damage rate was lower in export farms than in domestic sale farms, and damage rate of leaves was highly correlated with damage rate of new shoots. 15 species of hemipteran insect were attracted to sticky traps and A. spinolae was the dominant species. The attracted number of A. spinolae in the sticky traps differed depending on locality, and more occurred in domestic sale farms than expert farms. A. spinolae was continually attracted to sticky traps in the harvest period in grapevine orchards.

This report is a part of research on pests occurring in grapevine orchards in export complexes (Hwangsung in Gyeonggi, Sangju and Yeongcheon in Gyeongbuk, Namwon in Junbuk and Yeongdong in Chungbuk) from 2010 to 2012. This research was conducted to evaluate the distribution and difference in damage rates depending on management types of grapevine orchards (domestic sale farm vs. export farm). Damage by Arbordia spp. occurred only in 2010 and differed depending on localities and individual farms in the same area. Numbers of orchards damaged by Arbordia spp. were one, two and four in Hwasung, Namwon and Sangju, respectively, and the damage rate was below 6.2%. There was no damage in the orchards in 2011 and 2012, however, Arbordia spp. were collected on sticky traps in the orchards. A. nigrigena and A. kakogawana were the dominant species in Yeongcheon and Yeongdong, respectively, in 2011. A. kakogawana, A. maculifrons and A. nigrigena were collected on sticky traps in 2012. Collected numbers of Arbordia spp. were different depending on localities and management types of the orchards (domestic sale vs. export). A. kakogawana was the dominant species in all the survey sites and the densities were higher in the domestic sale farms than in the export farms.

This study was performed to elucidate the stage of stress of TaeKwondo Athletics. Every Athletics feel stress before game, especially TaeKwondo Athletics feel more stress. I used the relaxing technic to experimental group which were listening light music or thinking. There are many kinds of relaxing method. Eperiments were checked by G.S.R. and Spo2. G.S.R. of experimental group were smaller change than control group. Spo2 had no significant change in both group. It suggested that relaxing before game could reduce the stress, but no effect in Spo2

The purpose of this research was to provide basic data for managing players by determining the relation between the social support within the Taekwondo team in secondary schools and the burnout of players. The population to achieve this research purpose was the Taekwondo players of secondary schools in the Daejeon, Chungnam region registered as players in Korea Taekwondo Association as of 2010. For the sampling method, the convenience sampling, that was the non-probability sampling, was used, and the final analysis to obtain the results used a total of 222 persons’ data. As the method of statistical analysis for data processing, the multiple regression analysis were conducted. The proof of hypotheses was conducted at the significance level of α=.05, and the results are as follows. First, only the emotional support among the social support factors was found to have statistically significant negative(–) effects on the emotional exhaustion. However, the informative support, instrumental support, and evaluating support were found to have no statistically significant effects on emotional exhaustion. Second, the instrumental support and evaluating support among the social support factors were found to have statistically significant negative(–) effects on depersonalization. However, the informative support and emotional support were found to have no statistically significant effects on depersonalization. Third, only the evaluating support among the social support factors was found to have statistically significant negative(–) effects on the decline in the sense of accomplishment. However, the informative support, emotional support, and instrumental support were found to have no statistically significant effects on the decline in the sense of accomplishment.

FTA를 비롯하여 급속하게 진행된 산업 및 경영환경의 세계화는 국내 중소기업들의 글로벌 기술사업화를 위한 좋은 기회이지만 국내 중소기업의 기술 사업화 노력들이 성과로 이어지고 있는지 불투명하다. 본 연구에서는 중소기업의 글로벌 기술 사업화를 위해 글로벌 기술 사업화에 대한 개념 정리하고 해외 권역별(중국, 일본, 동남아, 유럽)로 현재 진출 하거나 진출을 희망하는 기업들을 대상으로 설문조사와 요인분석을 통해 중요요인을 실증적으로 도출하고 해당 기업들을 클러스터링 기법을 이용하여 구분하였다. 이를 기반으로 하여 경영자의 글로벌 마인드 고취 관련 전략, 기업역량·희망진출 권역별 맞춤형 지원전략 및 중소기업의 글로벌 생태계 역량강화전략을 제안한다.

For investigate intracellular function and role of genes in the biological processes, various gene delivery methods into cell have been developed. Many studies performed to construct optimum conditions of gene delivery into cells and tissues. In this study, we examined efficiency of gene delivery-complexed with cationic lipid vector in human cancer cell lines. GFP plasmids were complexed with cationic lipid and transfected into human cancer cell lines at different concentrations. And then, expression of GFP was analysed with fluorescent microscope and FACS. To determine efficiency of gene delivery, we investigated GFP expression level in various cancer cell lines. GFP expression cells were not shown in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 and lung carcimona cell line A549 after 24hr transfection, while, GFP expression cells were observed at 500ng concentration after 48hr transfection. In colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT116, GFP expression cells were observed at 100ng and 500ng concentrations after 24hr transfection and slightly increased at 48hr. After transfection into ovary adenocarcinoma cell line SKOV3, we could found that many cells expressed GFP at 500ng concentration after 24hr and highly elevated GFP expression cells after 48hr. For further evaluate gene expression level, we confirmed GFP expression level by using FACS analysis after 48hr transfection. As a result, HepG2 was expressed GFP in very low level at 10ng, 100ng, and 500ng concentrations. We also identified that GFP was expressed low level at 10ng and 100ng in HCT116 and A549, but highly increased at 500ng concentration to 14.19% and 16.57%, respectively. In case of SKOV3, GFP expression was highly elevated to 13.14% at 100ng and 58.10% at 500ng compared with 10ng transfection. By Comparing efficiency of gene expression among cancer cell lines, GFP expression was similar with cell lines at 10ng transfection, but significantly differed from cell lines at 500ng higher concentration. Additionally, GFP expression level of SKOV3 was showed about 10 fold higher than HepG2, and about 4 fold higher than HCT116 and A549 at 500ng. These results demonstrated that efficiency of gene delivery-complexed with cationic lipid vector was the highest in SKOV3, while HepG2 was showed the lowest efficiency. Taken together, we could determined that efficiency of gene delivery into cells differed from each human cancer cell lines. Our study suggest that cellular properties should be considered in gene delivery-complexed with cationic lipid vector to improve cellular expression efficiency of gene.

Pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is associated with the pine wilt disease and transmitted by pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus. Because pine sawyer has one-year life cycle, one natural infection of PWN is occurred a year. Therefore, artificial propagation method of PWN is needed to improve experiment associated with PWN. In this study, effect of diameter, paraffin sealing of twig and dosage on pine wood nematode reproduction in Japanese black pine, Pinus thunbergii. PWN reproduction was compared in twigs of P. thunbergii and P. densiflora. Numbers of reproduced PWN were higher with decreasing diameter of twig. Distance (5 and 10 cm) from inoculation site of PWN did not influence reproduction of PWN. Reproduced numbers of PWN were higher in the paraffin-sealing twig than non-sealing twig. Dosage of PWN influenced reproduction of PWN. Reproduction rate was the highest at the rate of 10 IJs (13.7 and 61.1-fold increasing in P. densiflora and P. thunbergii, respectively 30 days later) whereas lowest at the rate of 1000 Ijs (1.1 and 0.7-fold increasing in P. densiflora and P. thunbergii, respectively 30 days later). Numbers of reproduced PWN were more in P. thunbergii than P. densiflora.

Exercise training effciency depends on the training load, as well as on the athlete's ability to tolerate it. Taekwondo has been recognized as an Olympic sport in the 2000 Sydney Olympic games. Taekwondo competitions are regularly organized at the regional, national and international level according to the athlete's age and skill level. An integrated psychobiological stress-related measurement during a Taekwondo competition could be of considerable interest for studies on athlete performanc and behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an official Taekwondo competition on the heart rate(HR) and galvanic skin response(GSR) which represent stress score. each 5 male and female Taekwondo athletics were participated in this experiment. All persons were raised GSR and HR during competition and punching or kicking on opposite athletics. The results were statistically significant. It was suggested that all athleics had stress about competition.

Currently, dental implants are generally used for reconstruction of oromaxillofacial defects. Implants are widely used in dental and medical fields. The materials of implants are variable such as metals and ceramics. The materials of implants must be have not toxicity and biocompatibility to host and mechanical(physical) strength. Bones must be attached to titanium surface without any other tissues. many researcher's had studied for raising the osseointegration through various method which are including implants designs and materials. It was reported over 95% success ratio. many researcher's study the methods which are enhancing the speed of bone remodelling and osseointegration. Thermo dynamic therapy is one of the method to accelerlate the speed of bone remodelling and osseointegration. Thus it raise stability of implants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of diode laser irradiation for ossoeintegration in implant interface and between the implants threads. 24 New Zealand white rabbits which were about 3kg weight, used for experiment. 2 implant's were implanted every rabbit's tibia. 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks after implantation, tissue sample were removed from sacrificed rabbit's tibia. 8 rabbit's were sacrificed every 2, 4, 8 weeks and undecalcified sample were made from tissue sample. We have investigated the undecalcified samples by back scattered electron microscope. We have analysied the length rate and area rate in implant interface and inside the threads. The results were as follows. 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks experimental groups which were irradiated low level laser therapy showed rapid bone remodelling than control groups. It was suggested that Initial bone remodelling may be effected by LLLT because of implant bone contact ratio between 4th weeks and 8th weeks had no siginifant difference. Initial bone remodelling may be more influenced than later bone remodelling by LLLT because of new bone formation area ratio between implant threads had no significant differences during 4th to 8th weeks. According to above results, low level laser irradiation accerlate the new bone formation in implant interface and inside the implants threads at initial stage. there were many factors which are increasing the bone remodelling, because there were many differences between experimental and control groups. Low level laser irradiation were helpful for increasing the initial stage of bone remodelling because of above results.