The ultrastructural parameters related to synaptic release of endings which are presynaptic to tooth pulp afferent terminals (p-endings) were analyzed to understand the underlying mechanism for presynaptic modulation of tooth pulp afferents. Tooth pulp afferents were labelled by applying wheat-germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish peroxidase to the rat right lower incisor, whereafter electron microscopic morphometric analysis with serial section and reconstruction of p-endings in the trigeminal oral nucleus was performed. The results obtained from 15 p-endings presynaptic to 11 labeled tooth pulp afferent terminals were as follows. P-endings contained pleomorphic vesicles and made symmetrical synaptic contacts with labeled terminals. The p-endings showed small synaptic release-related ultrastructural parameters: volume, 0.82 ± 0.45 μm3 (mean ± SD); surface area, 4.50 ± 1.76 μm2; mitochondrial volume, 0.15 ± 0.07 μm3; total apposed surface area, 0.69 ± 0.24 μm2; active zone area, 0.10 ± 0.04 μm2; total vesicle number, 1045 ± 668.86; and vesicle density, 1677 ± 684/μm2. The volume of the p-endings showed strong positive correlation with the following parameters: surface area (r=0.97, P<0.01), mitochondrial volume (r=0.56, P<0.05), and total vesicle number (r=0.73, P<0.05). However, the volume of p-endings did not positively correlate or was very weakly correlated with the apposed surface area (r=-0.12, P=0.675) and active zone area (r=0.46, P=0.084). These results show that some synaptic release-related ultrastructural parameters of p-endings on the tooth pulp afferent terminals follow the “size principle” of Pierce and Mendell (1993) in the trigeminal nucleus oralis, but other parameters do not. Our findings may demonstrate a characteristic feature of synaptic release associated with p-endings.

A new soybean variety, ‘Joongmo 3009’ (Milyang 222) was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2012. ‘Joongmo 3009’ was released by pedigree selection from the cross between ‘Cheongja 2(Milyang 121)’ and ‘Daemangkong’. It has determinate growth habit, white flower, brown pubescence, brown pod color, green seed coat, green cotyledon, spherical seed shape, oval leaf shape and large seed size (29.3 grams per 100 seeds). It was late 16 days in maturing date than the check cultivar ‘Cheongjakong’. The average yield of ‘Joongmo 3009’ was 2.91 ton per hectare, which was higher 36 percentage than the check variety, in the regional yield trials carried out in three adaptable locations of Korea from 2010 to 2012. The number of breeder’s right is ‘5474’

신품종 ‘검정5호’의 신육형은 유한신육형, 화색은 자색, 엽형은 환형이다. 모용 및 성숙기의 협은 갈색이며 종피색과 제색은 흑색이고 종실 자엽색은 황색이다. 입형은 구형으로 성숙기가 지나면 협의 자연개열이 다소 나타난다. 성숙기는 10월 4일로 ‘일품검정콩’보다 6일 늦으며, 경장은 60 cm로 6 cm 길고, 100립중은 23.2 g으로 ‘일품검정콩’ 보다 가볍다. 도복에 비교적 강하며, 포장 재배기간중의 모자이크 바이러스병은 다소 발생하였으나 괴저병에는 강하였으며, SMV 균주로 즙액 접종한 결과 바이러스병에 저항성을 보였다. 조단백 함량은 42.0%, 조지방 함량은 17.8%였다. 안토시아닌 색소 및 아이소플라본 함량은 각각 17,170 ㎍/g 및 1,194 ㎍/g였다. 두부 가공적성에서 두부수율은 ‘태광콩’과 비슷하나 비지무게는 높았고, 밝기 등 색택이 짙으며, 두부의 물성에서 씸힘성 및 경도는 다소 높았고, 탄력성은 다소 낮았다. 수량성은 지역적응시험 결과 전국 7개소 평균 ha당 2.46톤으로서 대조품종 ‘일품검정콩’에 비하여 16% 증수되었다. 적응지역은 전국이다.