Since a free-learning semester has been introduced to middle school curriculum, interest in career experience programs has increased. To respond to this new demand, we developed a continuous agriculture-related career experience program linked with STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) education, and we examined the program’s effects on the job awareness of middle school students. The program was conducted from April 8, 2015 to June 24, 2015, and consisted of 12 classes. The direct experience subprogram was based on 13 different horticultural activities that reflect producing (nine programs), cooking (two programs), and sales (two programs) of horticultural produces. For the indirect experience subprogram, we preliminarily selected 10 representative agricultural jobs, and based on the keywords analyzed from 7 direct experience programs, we chose to introduce seven jobs to the students by videos and the three others by written material. We then investigated the effect of introductory videos on job interest, understanding, and preference by the students. We found that the student’s interest, understanding, and preference regarding each job were significantly improved when direct experience and video watching were combined. Career awareness was improved for gardener (47.0%), nursery grower (42.0%), rural extension official (31.1%), eco-friendly farm material developer (30.9%), agricultural research official (23.4%), plant doctor (19.8%), and agricultural wholesale distribution experts (9.3%). Conclusively, it is expected that career experience programs have the greatest effect on students when both interest in the job and participation on direct experiences are encouraged.

With the purpose of selecting succulents that are capable of retaining their ornamental value under lower light levels of indoor spaces, this experiment was conducted in two different locations within an apartment balcony (0.0 m and 1.6 m from t he w indow) and u nder d iffering l ight intensities (13.5 μmol･m-2 ･s-1 and 96.4 μmol･m-2 ･s-1). Ninety-seven species of succulents from 23 genera were selected as experiment material, based on the criteria of propagation ease and affordable price. As a result, 37 species were selected as suitable for indoor decoration and consisted of 27 species (Echeveria macdougallii, E. 'Momotaro', E. 'Fun Queen', E. derenbergii, E. 'Pulv-oliver', E. multicaulis, E. lilacina, Crassula 'Buddhas Temple', C. mesembryanthemoides, C. ‘Moonglow’, C. ovata, C. ovata 'Gollum', C. ovata 'Tricolor', Aeonium arboreum 'Atropurpureum', A.sedifolium × A. spathulatum, A. sedifolium, Graptoveria 'Albert Baynes', × Graptoveria 'Silver Star', Pachyphytum oviferum, P. oviferum 'Momobijin', Sedum clavatum, S. morganianum, Sinocrassula yunnanensis, S. densirosulata, Kalanchoe tetraphylla, Cotyledon tomentosa, Adromischus cooperi) from Crassulaceae, 6 species (Haworthia fasciata, H. retusa, H. turgida var. longibracteata, Aloe perfoliata, A. juvenna, Gasteria gracilis) from Asphodelaceae, 2 species (Corpuscularia lehmannii, Faucaria bosscheana) from Aizoaceae, 1 species (Peperomia graveolens) from Piperaceae, a nd 1 s pecies (Sansevieria trifasciata ‘Hahnii’) from Asparagaceae. The majority (67.6% of the selected species) of the selected species had overwintering temperature of 0 – 5°C and while most of the selected species had fibrous roots, all species with thick roots were selected as suitable. Of the selected species, 78.3% had a growth rate of moderate level or faster, and 56.8% were summer growing type. Sixty species were found to be unsuitable, and included 5 genera from Crassulaceae (× Pachyveria, × Sedeveria, Graptopetalum, Orostachys, Monanthes) and o ne g enus f rom Asteraceae (Senecio).

좋은 품질의 묘를 이용하는 것은 성공적인 작물 재배 및 생산을 위해 필수적이다. 그러나 구입묘 이용시에는 육묘장에서 재배농가로 운송하는 과정에서 묘의 품질이 저하될 우려가 있다. 본 연구는 토마토묘의 운송시 온도 조건이 정식 후 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해 수행되었다. 본엽이 9-10매 정도 전개하고 1화 방의 1번화가 피기 직전 또는 핀 토마토 접목묘를 이용 하여, 온도 조건을 각각 10, 25, 40oC, 처리시간을 2, 4, 6시간으로 조합 처리하였다. 처리 종료 후 10oC 처리구에 비해 25, 40oC 처리구에서 더 낮은 NDVI 값을 나타 냈으며, 40oC 처리구의 지하부 생체중이 가장 낮았다. 40oC 처리구 토마토묘는 정식 5-7일 후 아래잎에서 황화 및 잎마름 증상이 발생하였다. 1화방 착화절위는 처 리간에 차이가 없었으나, 착과수는 40oC/6시간 처리구에서 감소하여 착과수가 2개였다. 40oC/6시간 처리구의 경우 1화방 수량도 감소하여 대조구의 40% 정도였다. 따라서 묘의 운송시에는 온도조건이 지나친 고온 또는 저온이 되지 않도록, 단순 상온유통이 아닌 온도조절 장치 구비를 통한 온도조절이 요구된다. 6시간 이내의 단거리 운송의 경우 10-25oC 범위로 온도를 관리해줌으로써, 정식 후 장애 발생 없이 안정적인 착과 및 수량확보가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Light is very important for plant growth and a major limiting factor in indoor plant cultivation, such as in balconies. This study was conducted to investigate the light intensity and lettuce (Latuca sativa L.) growth in an apartment balcony affected by the direction of balcony. Photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), air temperature, and relative humidity in the east-, south-, or west-facing balcony were measured for a year. The lettuce was grown in the east-, south-, or west-facing balcony. The time and amount of light entering into the balcony differed according to the direction of the balcony window. Whereas light entered into the east-facing balcony from sunrise to noon, it entered into the west-facing balcony afternoon before sunset. The temperature and humidity in the balcony also varied according to the direction of the balcony window. Daily Light Integral (DLI) in the south-facing balcony was 20~50% of outdoor and DLI in east- or west-facing balconies was 10~20%. Also, the environmental characteristics of the balconies were affected seasonally. In the spring (from March to May), the DLI was around 10 mol･m-2･day-1 and the average temperature was around 25°C. But the DLI was below 10 mol･m-2･day-1 and the average temperature and relative humidity were around 30°C and over 60%, respectively, in the summer (from June to August). In the balcony, the average temperature was maintained around 10°C even in winter, which is a condition of freezing outdoor. Growth of the lettuce in the south-facing balcony was better than that of the other directions. This is attributed to better environmental conditions of south-facing balcony. Therefore, considering the environmental characteristics of the balcony, selection and management of crops with relatively low light demand like leafy vegetables are required. It is also recommended to cultivate crops from autumn to spring.

The objective of this study was to investigate the current situations of farms in South Korea which provide care farming activities in order to develop and settle care farms. A questionnaire that includes 60 questions about resources, clients, management, background of establishment, budget, manpower, organization, etc. was developed by the researchers. The survey was conducted by email and phone interview in the period of July to August, 2016. Five farms were participated in this study. As the results, each farm had a different size of land, about 744 – 39,670 m2. The farms were classified by different types of farming activities such as cultivating horticultural crops or cultivating horticultural crops and raising animals. The background of farmers was health, special education, social welfare or professional farmer. The income sources were from care farming programs, educational program, and crop production. The participants in the care farm were children with or without disability, adolescents, adolescents with behavior problem, adults, adults with mental disability or developmental disability, mental illness, dementia, addict, etc. The major activities in care farms were plant cultivating, harvesting, garden maintenance, cooking by using harvest, crop processing, waling in the farm, caring for animals, dealing with farm work equipment, and farming activity with local residents, etc. The participation duration was 25% for one-day experience, less than two weeks in a week, and more than six months, respectively. To settle and develop care farming of South Korea, the concept, clients, operation, professional manpower, policy, support, etc. should be established.

This study was conducted to analyze the muscle activity in the right forearm and shoulderwhile doing the sowing activity by muscle type and work section, and to find the possibility of the utilization of sowing as a muscle exercise and rehabilitative activity based on the results of the analysis. The results showed that the activity of 7 muscles including the upper trapezius near the neck, the upper trapezius near the shoulder, the middle deltoid, the biceps brachii, the triceps brachii, the brachioradialis, and the flexor carpi ulnaris were significantly higher than the stable state. In addition, the muscle activity in the sections of mixing the soil, filling the tray with the soil, sowing, writing the label, and watering was significantly higher than the stable state. In particular, the muscle activity of the biceps brachii and the triceps brachii was statistically significantly high in the section of filling the tray with the soil, which indicates that the task of filling the tray with the soil can be utilized as an exercise to activate the biceps brachii and the triceps brachii. In addition, the muscle activity of the brachioradialis was significantly high in all the work sections, which indicates that the sowing process can be utilized to exercise the brachioradialis in particular. These results can be used as the basic data about the activated muscle types and degrees throughout the sowing process. These results can be also used to induce the activation of specific muscles, and the overall exercise and rehabilitation of the forearms.

This study was focused on the relationship between horticultural preference and parenting attitude of parents having elementary school students. Because a human’s preference of plant was inhered an image of one’s life. This study carried out to define the variables related to horticultural preference and parenting attitude, for promotion in horticultural activity program of parent. For this study, the data was collected from 193 parents having elementary school child from May to July, 2015 at Seoul, and Jeonju city. The major variables related to parenting attitude were grade of children, dialogue hour with their children, understanding of their children, intimate, number of breakfast, occupation, family income, growing activity. And the relationship between parenting attitude and horticultural preference were marked statistical difference at plant classification into need a supporting stick, foodstuff, life time of plant, individual or community growth, cook and industrial arts or ornamental plants. Especially it was concerned in achievement, rationality, affection of parenting attitude.

본 연구는 상추 기르기 과학 탐구 프로그램을 초등학교 재량활 동시간에 적용하여 저학년과 고학년의 기초탐구능력에 미치는 영 향을 알아보고자 수행되었다. 이를 위하여, 초등학교의 2, 5학년 각 1개의 학급씩 실험군과 대조군으로 나누었고, 실험군에는 재량활 동시간을 활용하여 상추 기르기 과학 탐구 프로그램이 제공되었다. 실험군의 상추 기르기 활동에 기초한 원예-과학 통합프로그램 시 행 후, 저학년과 고학년 모두 기초탐구능력 총점이 사전보다 각각 3.89, 1.76으로 증가하였고, 저학년이 고학년과 비교하면 2.13점 더 향상되었다. 저학년의 기초탐구능력 하위 요소별 사후 검사 결 과, 대조군은 관찰을 제외한 분류, 측정, 추리, 예상에서 유의차 없 이 향상되었으나, 실험군은 사후 검사결과 관찰, 분류, 측정, 추리, 예상 모든 탐구요소에서 유의하게 향상되었다. 고학년의 기초탐구 능력 하위 요소별 사후 검사 결과, 실험군은 분류와 추리 영역에서, 대조군은 분류 영역에서 유의한 증가가 나타났다.

본 연구는 재배활동중심 원예치료 프로그램이 여자 성인 수형자들의 정신건강에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자, 재배활동중심 원예치료 프로그램에 참여한 실험군10명과 원예치료 프로그램에 참여하지 않은 대조군 10명을 대상으로 2013년 4월 26일부터 2013년 7월 12일까지 주 1회, 총 12회 실행되었다. 프로그램은 ‘사회복귀예정 수형자를 위한 원예치료 심리적 결과 모델의 개념적 틀’에 근거한 ‘재배활동중심 원예치료 프로그램’을 적용하였다. 실험 결과, 실험군은 대조군에 비해 대인예민성, 불안, 정신증이 유의하게 낮았고, 또한 실험군은 프로그램 후에 대인예민성이 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였으나, 대조군의 경우 9개 증상차원 모두에서 통계적으로 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구결과를 통해 재배활동중심 원예치료 프로그램이 여자 성인 수형자의 정신건강 향상을 위해 활용 가능함을 검증했다는 점에서 본 연구의 의의가 있다고 하겠으며, 향후 교도현장에서 교정·교화를 위한 프로그램에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

본 연구는 재배활동중심 원예치료 프로그램이 남자 청소년 수형자들의 정신건강에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자, 남자 청소년 수형자 27명중 재배활동중심 원예치료 프로그램에 참여한 실험군 13명과 원예치료 프로그램에 참여하지 않은 대조군 14명을 대상으로 2013년 4월 22일부터 2013년 7월 8일까지 주 1회, 총 12회 실행되었다. 프로그램은 ‘사회복귀예정 수형자를 위한 원예치료 심리적 결과 모델의 개념적 틀(Rural Development Administration, 2012)’에 근거하여 Lee et al.(2013)이 제시한 ‘재배활동중심 원예치료 프로그램’을 적용하였다. 실험 결과, 실험군은 프로그램 후에 대인예민성과 불안감이 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였으나(p=0.033, 0.041), 대조군의 경우 9개 증상차원 모두에서 통계적으로 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구결과를 통해 재배활동중심 원예치료 프로그램이 남자 청소년 수형자의 정신건강 향상을 위해 활용 가능함을 검증했다는 점에서 본 연구의 의의가 있다고 하겠으며, 향후 교도현장에서 교정·교화를 위한 프로그램에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.