We report the discovery of a giant exoplanet in the microlensing event OGLE-2017-BLG-1049, with a planet―host star mass ratio of q = 9.53 ± 0.39 × 10-3 and a caustic crossing feature in Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) observations. The caustic crossing feature yields an angular Einstein radius of θE = 0.52 ± 0.11 mas. However, the microlens parallax is not measured because the time scale of the event, tE ≃ 29 days, is too short. Thus, we perform a Bayesian analysis to estimate physical quantities of the lens system. We find that the lens system has a star with mass Mh = 0.55+0.36 -0.29 M⊙ hosting a giant planet with Mp = 5.53+3.62 -2.87 MJup, at a distance of DL = 5.67+1.11 -1.52 kpc. The projected star{planet separation is aㅗ = 3.92+1.10 -1.32 au. This means that the planet is located beyond the snow line of the host. The relative lens{source proper motion is μrel ~ 7 mas yr-1, thus the lens and source will be separated from each other within 10 years. After this, it will be possible to measure the flux of the host star with 30 meter class telescopes and to determine its mass.

목 적 : 유방 MRI검사에서 회전 자장(B1)의 불균일성은 코일의 중심에 검사부위가 없고 우측과 좌측으로 나뉘어진 유방의 해부학적 구조의 영향을 많이 받는다. 또한 환자의 유방과 유방사이, 유방과 코일사이의 air-gap이 증가할수록 B1의 불균 일성도 증가하여 영상의 화질을 저하시킨다. 그러나 최근 유방암 환자의 증가에 따라 비대칭유방 환자 및 편측유방 등 small breast 환자들이 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 자체 제작한 phantom과 다양한 B1 calibration scan parameter를 이용하여 small breast에서 B1 calibration scan parameter의 변화에 대한 평가와 영상화질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 검사 대상으로는 Invivo사의 breast phantom과 자체 제작 phantom을 이용하였다. 장비 사에서 권고하는 B1 calibration parameter가 최적의 조건을 나타내는지 평가하기 위한 대상으로 breast coil을 가득 채우는 Invivo사의 breast phantom을 사용하였고, 자체 제작 phantom을 이용하여 small breast일 때 최적의 B1 calibration parameter를 확인하였다. 연구에 사용된 장비는 Philips INGENIA 3.0T(Philips medical system, Netherlands)이고, 신호수집 코일은 16channel Breast coil을 사용하였다. 연구방법은 B1 calibration scan parameter 중 slice thickness(두께)를 5, 8, 12, 15, 20 mm로 Flip angle(FA)을 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 degree로 변화시켜가며 B1 map과 e-THRIVE 영상을 획득하였다. 정량적 평가로 획 득한 영상의 우측(Rt)과 좌측(Lt)에 각각 5개의 ROI를 그려 신호 대 잡음비(signal to noise ratio; SNR)를 비교 분석하였고 one-way ANOVA(SPSS 18.0K for windows)로 통계 검정하였다. 정성적 평가방법으로는 B1 map profile을 통해 B1의 균일성을 비교하였다. 결 과 : Invivo phantom으로 획득한 B1 map과 e-THRIVE 영상의 SNR은 B1 calibration scan parameter의 두께와 FA의 변화에 따라 차이가 있었다(P<0.001). 두께별 변화에서는 8 mm, FA별 변화에서는 60°일 때 가장 높게 나타났다. 자체 제작 phantom에서도 B1 map과 e-THRIVE 영상의 SNR은 B1 calibration scan parameter의 두께와 FA의 변화에 따라 차이가 있었다(P<0.001). 두 영상 모두 두께가 12mm 일 때 가장 높게 나타났으며, FA은 80°일 때 가장 높게 나타났다. B1 profile을 통해 확인한 자체 제작 phantom의 B1 균일도는 두께가 12 mm, FA이 80°일 때 가장 균등한 그래프를 나타냈다. 결 론 : 자체 제작 phantom의 B1 map 분석을 통해 장비사에서 권고된 parameter 변화의 필요성을 제고하고, 최적의 B1 calibration scan parameter를 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 small breast 환자의 경우에는 B1 calibration scan parameter의 변 경이 필요하며, 이를 통해 SNR과 B1 균일성이 향상된 진단적 가치가 높은 유방 MRI영상을 얻을 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

목 적 : 유방 MRI 검사는 비대칭 조직 및 비 종괴 조영증강 평가와 동시성 양측성 유방암 발견을 주 목적으로 양측 유방 영상을 동시에 얻는다. 편측 유방 전 절제의 경우에도 추적검사와 전이 여부 등의 확인을 위해 양측 유방을 동시에 검사하는 것이 일반적이다. 하지만 편측 유방 전 절제 수술을 받은 환자는 양측 유방이 모두 있는 환자와 달리 해부학적 차이로 발생하는 자장의 불균일에 의해 영상의 signal intensity(SI)가 감소된다. 이에 본 연구는 자체 제작한 phantom과 다양한 filling factor들을 이용하여 감소된 SI의 보상 유무와 그 정도를 비교 분석하고 편측 유방 전 절제 수술을 받은 환자들의 유방 MRI 검사에서 filling factor들의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : Phantom study는 본 연구를 위하여 자체 제작한 phantom으로 유방의 해부학적 차이에 따른 SI의 변화를 확인하였고, Breast coil의 한쪽에는 phantom과 반대쪽에는 paraffin, sponge, rice, flour, gel, saline을 각각 넣고 검사하여 filling factor들에 의한 SI의 보상 정도를 비교 분석하였다. Patients study는 편측 유방 전 절제 수술을 받고 2015년 12월부터 2016년 2월까지 본원에서 유방 MRI 검사를 시행한 환자 30명(평균 연령 49.7세)을 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 장비는 Philips INGENIA 3.0T( Philips medical system, Netherlands)이고, 신호수집 코일은 16channel Breast coil을 사용하였다. Scan parameter는 반복시간(TR): 9400ms, 에코시간(TE): 100ms, NSA : 1, 절편두께(thickness): 2mm, scan time: 2분 49초 , 영상기법: mDIXON T2 AX을 사용하였다. Phantom study의 평가방법은 filling factor에 따른 phantom영상의 SI 변화를 알아보고 정량적 방법으로 SNR을 비교하였고, patients study는 filling factor 사용 전°후 영상의 SI 변화를 비교하였다. 통계적 분석 방법은 Wilcoxon signed rank test(SPSS 18.0K for windows)를 이용하였으며, p값이 0.05보다 작은 경우 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 판단하였다. 결 과 : Phantom 영상의 SI는 breast coil의 양측을 채웠을 때와 편측을 채웠을 때 각각 평균 1361, 1122로 편측일 경우가 양측일 때보다 17.6 % 감소하였다. Filling factor들에 의한 SI의 보상 정도는 양측을 모두 채웠을 때를 100으로 했을 때, paraffin 94.4%, sponge 94.2%, rice 87.3%, flour 86.5%, saline 65.5%, gel 48.3%로 분석되었고, filling factor들에 의한 SNR결과는 양측을 모두 채웠을 때(124) >> paraffin(97) > sponge(90) > rice(76) > flour(72) > 편측만 채웠을 때(69) >> saline(54) > gel(51) 의 순서로 측정되었다. Patients 영상의 평가 결과, 14명의 환자에게서 SI가 최대 11%, 평균 5%증가하였다. 통계적 분석은 모든 경우에서 p<0.05로 통계적으로 유의하였다. 결 론 : Phantom을 이용한 실험 결과를 통해 breast coil의 양측에 phantom이 채워졌을 때보다 편측만 채워졌을 때 SI가 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 이를 보상하기 위해 다양한 filling factor를 가지고 실험한 결과 paraffin, sponge, rice, flour들은 편측만 phantom이 있는 경우보다 SI가 보상되는 효과를 보였지만 saline과 gel은 오히려 감소되었다. Patients 영상 획득 시 호흡에 의한 motion artifact가 SI 감소의 원인으로 작용했지만 최대 11%까지 SI가 증가하였다. 결론적으로 우리 주변에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 paraffin, sponge, rice, flour를 이용하여 어떤 scan parameter의 조작 없이 filling factor의 사용만으로도 편측 유방 전 절제 환자의 감소된 SI를 보상할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 편측 유방 전 절제 환자의 유방 MRI 검사에서 filling factor를 적절히 활용한다면 진단학적 가치가 보다 높은 영상을 구현할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다

Ampelopsis brevipedunculata, a porcelain berry that is a kind of Korean domestic wild berry (Viticeae), has been known to be resistant to diseases and insects. A total of 2,622 unigenes containing 912 contigs and 1,710 singletons were obtained by sequencing 5,839 expressed sequence tag (EST) clones derived from the cDNA library of wild grape, A. brevipedunculata. In the gene ontology analysis, 1,175 genes related to biological process, 1,516 genes related to molecular function, and 1,413 ones related to cell components were annotated. Among the genes showing molecular function, 17 clones were classified into defense-related genes, and 102 were known to be related with responses to stress in plants. Domains, such as leucine-rich repeat, Serine/threonine protein kinase-related, WD40 repeat, EF-hand calcium-binding, pentatricopeptide repeat, and pathogenesis-related transcriptional factor were highly expressed. Genes encoding defense related proteins, such as chitinase, catalase, protein-serine/threonine kinases, were also clustered into an abundant group in cDNAs from A. brevipedunculata. Approximately, 80 simple sequence repeats with 2~5 nucleotides were detected in the cDNAs of A. brevipedunculata. These data could provide useful information for the genetic analysis of wild grapevines and in programs for breeding grape cultivars.

Chronic inflammatory diseases such as Crohn′s disease and ulcerative colitis are associated with increased risk of colon adenocarcinoma. Apoptic induction of colon cancer cells by cytokines and death receptors is an important anti-cancer therapy. We observed that co-administration of TNFα and IFNγ in human colon cancer cell line, HCT116, resulted in cell death and expression of IL-32. Cleavage forms of caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP were increased in TNFα / IFNγ-treated HCT116. mRNA expression of death receptors, including TNFR1 and Fas were not changed and NO generation was not induced by combination of TNFα and IFNγ. However, mRNA expression of IL-32α, β, and γ was increased in TNFα / IFNγ-treated HCT116. To determine the effect of IL-32 in HCT116 cell apoptosis by TNFα / IFNγ stimulation, IL-32 siRNA-transfected HCT116 cells were cultured with TNFα / IFNγ and cell proliferation was measured. IL-32 siRNA induced slight recovery of cell viability of TNFα / IFNγ-stimulated HCT116. These results suggest that IL-32 is not directly related to apoptosis of HCT116 by TNFα / IFNγ stimulation. However, IL-32 expression by TNFα or TNFα / IFNγ in a colon cancer cell line is very interesting because of the unknown effect of IL-32 in colon cancer. Our study will contribute to development of studies for IL-32 function in human colon cancer and anti-cancer therapies using cytokines.

This study was conducted to investigate needs and operational status for care farming of education or experience farms in South Korea. A questionnaire made up of 38 questions was developed for this study. The survey was conducted online among owners in education and experience farms (total 264 sites) in Seoul and nine provinces in September 2017. A total of 78 questionnaires were collected and the response rate was 44.6%. As the results, the purposes of farm operation reported as experience (85.9%), education (79.5%), production of agricultural products (67.9%), and healing (47.4%). Main visitors in education and experience farm were children and adolescents (89.7%), adults (51.3%), and families (46.2%). A farm activity program was mainly provided by a one-time experience using crops (69.2%), animals (16.7%), and food processing activity (10.3%). Fifty percent of the responding farmers received support from the government and the local government such as public relations (32.5%), operational funding (32.5%), and management consulting (15.0%). The lack factor of operating in farms was lower profit system (24.4%), poor farm infrastructure (21.8%), and lack of promotion and marketing ways (16.7%). 97.5% of the respondents reported ‘very necessary’ and ‘necessary’ of care farming. Specifically, the care farming service reported that priority should be given to children and adolescents (55.1%) and people with emotional and behavior disorder (15.4%). The present study is anticipated to offer the efficient management of care farm and provides reference data of the policy suggestion for care farming setting in South Korea.

This study was conducted to analyze the effects of horticultural therapy program based on health care education on quality of life, stress, depression and anxiety of hypertensive patients, and to find effects on ability to control hypertension by continuing health care education and horticulture education. Subjects were 60 adult hypertension patients aged 30 to 64 at a hospital in K-gu, Seoul, aged 30 to 64. Experimental group of 30 patients received horticultural therapy program and control group of 30 patients did not receive horticultural therapy program. The horticultural therapy program was conducted for 60 minutes per session, twice a week, and total 8 times. This study was performed from 1. Aug. to 31. Oct. in 2015. Each session was based on contents of basic health care education and horticultural education. The programs were verified by 5 specialists in related fields (1 doctor, 2 nurses, 2 horticultural therapists). To prove effects of horticultural therapy program, patients’ stress, depression, anxiety, quality of life and knowledge of hypertension and horticulture were estimated 3 times(before, after and 1 month after the experiment). SPSS (Version 22 for Windows) was used for t-test of independent sample, which analyzes demographic information and verifies homogeneity, and for t-test of matching sample which shows different effects between groups. As the results, horticultural therapy program based on health care education made significant positive effects on stress and quality of life of hypertensive patients. Moreover, the horticultural therapy program improved knowledge on horticulture and hypertension. However, there were no significant changes in control group. This result shows that the horticultural therapy program based on health care could relive stress and improve quality of life.

In order to improve rice dough functionality, we cloned 4 kinds of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) genes from bread wheat, ‘Jokyeong’. Among them, we first examined Dx5 gene to generate marker-free transgenic rice for advanced quality processing of bread and noodles. The GluB1 promoter was inserted into binary vector for seed specific expression of the Dx5 gene. Two expression cassettes comprised of separate DNA fragments containing only the high-molecular-weight glutein subunit (HMW-GS) protein (Dx5) and hygromycin phosphotransferase II (HPTII) resistance genes were introduced separately to tumefaciens EHA105 strain for co-infection. Each EHA105 strain harboring Dx5 or HPTII was infected to rice calli at 3: 1 ratio of Dx5 and HPTII, respectively. Then among 66 hygromycin-resistant transformants, we obtained two transgenic lines inserted both with Dx5 and HPTII gene to rice genome. We reconfirmed integration of the Dx5 and HPTII genes into the rice genome by Southern blot analysis. Wheat Dx5 transcriptsin rice seeds was examined with semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Finally, the marker-free plants containing only Dx5 gene were successfully screened at T1 generation. This result also provides that co-infection system with two expression cassettes could be efficient strategy to generate marker-free transgenic rice plants.