The production of sweet (su) and super sweet corns (sh2) has been economically feasible in Korea in recent years. Major factors limiting super sweet corn production are low germination and low seedling vigor. Since seed quality is closely related to seed maturity, the optimum harvest time for the seed production of sweet and super sweet corns was studied and the quality of seeds with varying maturities was investigated in 2001 and 2002 cropping seasons. The parents of the sweet corn seeds were Hybrid Early Sunglow and 'Golden Cross Bantam 70' and those of super sweet corn were Xtrasweet 82 and 'For­tune'. Seeds were harvested at 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 days after silking (DAS). As the seeds developed, seed weight of sweet corn increased and the seed moisture content decreased faster than that of super sweet corn. Germination rates of sweet corn seeds harvested 21 and 28 DAS at 25~circC and emergence rates in the cold soil test were significantly lower than those of seeds harvested after 42 DAS in both years. Although the germination rates of super sweet corn seeds with varying maturities showed similar patterns as sweet corn seeds at 25~circC , the emergence rate of super sweet corn seeds in cold soil test continuously increased with seed maturity. This suggests that seed quality of super sweet corn should be tested in a cold soil test to estimate field emergence. As the seeds developed, leakage of total sugars and electrolytes from the both sweet and super sweet corn seeds decreased up to 42 or 49 DAS. The α-amylase activities of both sweet and super sweet corn seeds increased with seed maturity from 21 to 35 or 49 DAS depending on genotype and year. The optimum harvest time for the seed production of sweet corn was 42 DAS and 49 DAS for super sweet corn considering emergence rate and plumule dry weight in the cold soil test, leakage of sugars and electrolytes from the seeds, and α-amylase activity.

This study was carried out to investigate seed germination and seedling of cabbage and sugar beet in four treatments of salinity including 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5％ NaCl. The results showed that different treatments of salinity had considerable effects on the germination and root and shoot length of cabbage and sugar beet. Percent of germination in both species showed significant decrease with increasing salinity up to 1.5％ NaCl. This decrease was more evident in cabbage when compared to sugar beet. The required time for germination increased with high levels of salinity. The seedling growth of both species were inhibited by all salinity levels. Particularly at 1.0 and 1.5％ NaCl, no measurable length was observed in cabbage and sugar beet. At 0.5％ NaCl root growth of both plant species was more affected as compared to shoot growth by salinity.

This study was conducted to obtain basic information of growth, chlorophyll, and Na+~;and~;K+ content of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings after transplanting in different NaCl conditions. Plants grown in pots for 8 days after germination were grown for 10 days after transplanting in 50 and 100 mM NaCl concentrations. At higher NaCl concentration, plant height, root length, dry weight and chlorophyll content were reduced with NaCl stress. Among rice cultivars, the shoot dry weight of Gancheokbyeo, Janganbyeo and Hwasungbyeo, and the root dry weight of Janganbyeo, Gancheokbyeo and Juanbyeo showed relatively low reduction compared to the other rice cultivars at 100 mM NaCl stress. The Na+ content in seedling rapidly increased with the increase of NaCl concentration but K+ contents decreased. There was a significant relationship between Na+ content and shoot and root dry weight after transplanting rice seedlings to saline conditions. The shoot and root dry weight showed highly negative relationship with the Na+/K+ ratio in saline conditions.

본 연구는 남서해안 간척지에서 토양 염농도(저염; 0.1%, 중염; 0.3∼0.4%)별로 쌀 품질 향상을 위한 적정 질소 시비량을 구명하기 위하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1.유추분화기의 초장은 질소 시비량이 많을수록 컸고, 토양염농도간에는 저염 토양에서 켰다. 2. 출수기는 저염 토양에서는 표준비인 N20kg/10a에 비해 N8-N16kg/10a까지는 같았으나 N24kg/10a에서는 1일 늦었고, 중염 토양에서는 N8-N16kg/10a 까지는 1일이 삘랐고 N24kg/10a에서는 같았으며, 토양 염농도간에는 저염 토양에서보다 중염 토양에서 4일 정도 늦었다. 3. 질소시비량이 많을수록 간장이 크고, 포장도복이 심했다. 4. 저염 토양에서 질소시비량이 많을수록 m2 당 립수는 많았으나 등숙비율이 낮아져 발 수량은 N12kg/10a이상에서는 유의차가 없었으며, N12kg/10a이하에서 현미의 완전미율이 높고 단백질 함량이 낮았다. 5.중염 토양에서는 질소시비량이 많을수록 m2 당 립수가 많고 등숙비율이 비슷하여 발 수량은 질소시비량이 많을수록 높았으나 N20kg/10a 이상에서는 유의차가 없었고, 현미의 완전미율과 단백질함량은 질소시비량간에 비슷하였다. 따라서 남서해안 간척지에서 쌀 수량 및 미질 등을 고려해 볼 때, 저염 토양에서는 N12kg/10a, 중염 토양에서는 N20kg/10a이 적당할 것으로 생각된다

간척지 논에서 쌀 생산을 위한 기초 자료를 얻고자 2000년 전남 광양만 간척지에서 토양염분농도별 수량과 토양의 이화학적 조성간의 관계를 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 출수기는 0.1%의 염분농도 토양은 8월 15일, 0.4%의 염분농도 토양은 8월 20일, 0.8%의 염분농도 토양은 8월 25일로서 0.1%의 염분농도 토양이 가장 빨랐다. 2. 쌀수량은 토양의 염분농도가 0.1%로 낮은 토양이 599kg/10a로 가장 많았고, 다음으로는 0.4%의 염분농도 토양이 568kg/10a이었고 0.8%의 염분농도 토양은 446kg/10a로 가장 낮았으며 쌀수량 구성 요소 역시 같은 경향으로 0.1%의 염분농도 토양에서 가장 우수하였고 다음으로는 0.4%, 0.8%순으로 나타났었다. 3. 쌀수량과 토양의 이화학적 특성간의 상관에서는 pH와는 부의상관, 유기물, 인산, 질소, 가리, 칼슘, 마그네슘의 함량간에는 정의 상관이었다. 4. 전남광양만 간척지에서 쌀수량과 수량구성 요소면에서 볼 때에 적합한 토양의 염분농도는 0.1%이라고 사료된다.

To identify the new source of breeding materials for rice salt tolerance, the salinity tolerance of thirty-four varieties was evaluated under 0.5% saline condition at seedling stage. The salinity score showed highly significant correlations to dry weight and dead leaf ratio. The tested varieties were classified into three groups by visual score, reduction ratio of dry weight, and dead leaf ratio. Eighteen varieties were classified as the highly tolerant group (salinity scores of 1.3-3.7), seven varieties were fallen into the tolerant group (salinity scores of 4.2-5.8), and others were susceptible (salinity scores of 6.7-9.0). In highly tolerant group, most indica varieties including Getu, Dikwee and Kuatic Putic, didn't exsert a panicle under the Korean climate. But six varieties, Xiangcho V, Annapuruna, HP 3319-2wx-6-3-1, Giza 175, and GZ 2447-S-17, GZ 4255-6-3 were suitable to the Korean climate, and their heading date (6-16, August) and culm length (65-78㎝) were similar to the Korean varieties. Accordingly, these varieties can be utilized as crossing materials for the salt tolerance in japonica rice.

Seeds and seedlings of Acacia bivenosa D.C. Prod, A. salicina Lindl., A. saligna (Labill.) H. Wendl. and A. tumida F. Muell. ex Benth were germinated and grown in NaCl solutions to investigate the relative salt tolerance among the different species, and t

해수의 염도와 온도를 현장에서 측정할 수 있는 침적식 온라인 굴절계를 제작하고 실제 해수와 유사한 2 % 내지 4 %의 염수를 사용하여 그 성능을 조사하였다. 굴절률과 온도를 동시에 측정함으로 온도보상을 신속하게 할 수 있어 염도의 직접측정을 가능하게 하였다. 각기 다른 농도의 염용액에서 측정된 염도의 결과로부터 본 실험의 장치는 안정성과 재현성을 모두 갖는 염도 측정이 가능함을 알았다.

퉁퉁마디 자생지, 염전, 폐염전(간척지) 토양 분석결과 토성은 식양질이며, pH는 알카리성이었다. 전질소와 인산은 용탈에 의해 결핍된 상태이나, 치환성 양이온인 K, Mg, Ca은 풍부하였다. 염류농도는 0.70~3.15%이었다. 염분 농도에 따른 퉁퉁마디 초장 성장 상태를 살펴본 결과 1~4%의 토양염분조건에서 초장 성장과 생존률이 좋았으며, 고염의 토양에서는 성장이 둔화되고, 생존율이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 시비조건에 따른 퉁퉁마디 성장 실험에서는 질소의 경우 7~9 kg/10a에서, 인산의 경우는 첨가비율이 가장 많은 12 kg/10a 조건에서 퉁퉁마디 초장 성장에 유의한 효과를 보였으며, 칼륨의 경우에서는 비처리구에 비해 유의한 차이를 보였지만 처리 조건간에는 초장 성장의 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 염분과 온도조건에 따른 발아실험의 경우, 실험 조건내에서 염분과는 음의 상관관계를 보였으며, 온도와는 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 그리고 염분과 온도의 상호작용 효과를 고려할 경우, 저염조건 0~5/‰ 및 고온조건 20~30℃에서 발아상태가 좋았다. 퉁퉁마디 대단위 재배에서, 점파에 의한 단위면적당 생산량은5.40~5.90 kg이었으며, 산파 파종에 의한 단위면적당 생산량은 4.01~4.20 kg으로 점파에 의한 생산량이 산파에 비해 높은 유의한 차이를 보였다. 재배에 의한 생산량과 자생지의 생산량을 비교 분석한 결과, 재배가 자생지 생산량에 비해 점파에 의한 생산량이 2.7배, 산파에 의한 생산량이 1.9배 높은 것으로 나타났다.

Blackgram (Vigna mungo) is more salt tolerant than mungbean (Vigna radiata). This study was initiated to know whether the accumulation pattern of mineral ions in different plant parts plays a significant role in the differences in salt tolerance between the two Vigna species. Different mineral ions, viz. N, Cl, Na, K, Mg and Ca in different organs of two varieties of each of blackgram- Barimash-l (susceptible one) and Barimash-2 (tolerant one), and mungbean-Barimung-3 (tolerant one) and Barimung-4(susceptible one), were analyzed after growing with 0, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl solutions. The two crops showed a decreased but similar pattern of total N accumulation under saline conditions. The tolerant variety of both the crops showed a less reduction in total N than the susceptible one. Leaves showed the maximum while stem the minimum N, irrespective of levels of salinity. C l[-10] and N a+ accumulation increased with the increasing salinity levels. Interestingly, similar to a halophyte, the salt tolerant blackgram exhibited conspicuously higher amount of N a+ in the shoot than the salt-susceptible mungbean. However, the tolerant varieties showed less amount of N a+ than the susceptible one, especially in blackgram. Seeds of both Vigna spp. accumulated the minimum amount of N a+ than other plant parts. K+ accumulation decreased by salinity in most of the plant parts, except seeds. Blackgram showed larger reduction in K than mungbean. The Mg++ increased in leaves, petioles and stem by salinity while decreased in the roots, podshells and seeds in both the crops. Salinity increased Ca++ accumulation in all plant-parts except roots of both Vigna spp. Apparently, the leaves of mungbean accumulated higher concentration of Ca++ than blackgram. Varietal differences in the accumulation pattern of K+ , Mg++ and Ca++ were not clear. It was concluded that blackgram, presumably, possesses a similar salt tolerance mechanism to halophyte, and the pattern of accumulation of mineral ions in blackgram and mungbean was not fully ascribed to the differences in salinity tolerance between the two Vigna species.gna species.ies.s.ies.

Dry matter(DM) accumulation in different plant parts of two Vigna spp., blackgram(Vigna mungo) and mungbean(Vigna radiata), was compared at different levels of salinity. Two vaarieties of each of blackgram (Barimash-1 and Barimash-2) and mungbean(Barimung-3 and Barimung-4) were grown with 50, 75 and 100mM NaCl solutions and tap water as a control till maturity. The DM accumulation in all plant parts of the two crops devreased with the increasing salinity levels. The reducation was severe in mungbean compared to blackgram. On an average mungbean produced only 3% grain yield compared to 37% in blackgram at 100mM NaCl. The salinity induced growth reduction was relatively less in Barimash-2 than that in Barimash-1. In mungbean, the relative DM production of Barimung-3 was greater than Barimung-4. The extent of biomass reducation due to salinity in different plant parts was not similar. At maturity the rank of biomass accumulation (at 100 mM NaCl) in different plant parts of blackgram was in decreasing order by seeds pod-1 (97%), branch plant-1 (88%), 1000-grain weight (79%), plant height(72%), pods plant-1 (50%), leaf weight and root mass(both 49%) and stem weight (48%). In mungbean, the rank was in decreasing order by 1000-grain weight (57%), leaf weight (54%), plant height (52%), seeds pod-1 (50%), branch plant-1 (41%), root weight (34%), stem weight (24%) and pods plant-1 (6%). Therefore, salinity reduced grain yield more than straw and roots of the Vignaq spp., and blackgram is relatively more salt-tolerant than mungbean.

An on-line refractrometer made of easily obtainable materials is built to determine the salinity and temperature of sea water, and its performance is examined by applying the refractometer to known salt solution. Since refractive index and temperature are measured simultaneously, it is possible to compensate the effect of temperature for accurate measurement. The outcome of salinity measurement for the different concentrations of salt solution indicates that the device is suitable for the salinity measurement by yielding stable and reproducible reading.

생리적 형질인 수온과 염분에 대한 내성을 양적 형질로 개발하기 위하여 은어의 정상 발생 2배체 (2N-cont),극체형 2배체 (meiotic-G2N), 난할형 2배체 (mitotic-G2N) 및 2종류의 clone (clone-11, clone-15)의 부화 자어를 대상으로 유전적 변이성을 조사했다. 수온은 19. 22.5, 25. 그리고 30.로 설정하였고 각 수온구에 0, 15 및 30의 염분구를 조합하여 12개의 실험구를 만들어 조사했다. 평균

The high salt concentration of reclaimed tidelands in the beginning of reclamation interferes with the growth of most crops. Although the crops are cultivated in the unripened tidal reclaimed paddy fields after desalinization to be arable, they we apt to be injured from salt by the resalinization through accumulated salts in the root zone during the growing period. In oder to make the reasonable irrigation plan in the unripened tidal reclaimed paddy fields, the preventive water requirements of resalinization as well as leaching requirements have to be included in irrigation water requirements. The critical salinity for the normal growth of crops should be determined to estimate the preventive water requirements of resalinization, and the changes of salinity in soil and water should be analyzed during the growing period, In this study, the growth tests of crops were conducted by soil textures and water management methods in the experimental field with lysimeters, using the samples of good drainage soils and poor drainage soils. And the changes of salinity in soil and water during the growing period, were analyzed to obtain the basic data for determining the critical salinity and making the estimation criteria of the preventive water requirements of resalinization. As the results obtained from analyzing the changes of salinity during the growing period in the unripened tidal reclaimed paddy fields, the exchanging interval of water for the prevention of resalinization was estimated to be within two weeks in good drainage soils and a week in poor drainage soils. And the total exchanging requirements of water for the prevention of resalinization during the growing period was estimated to be over 280mm in good drainage soils and 540mm in poor drainage soils.

국립수산진흥원의 한국 연안 어장환경 오염조사 결과 보고서를 사용하여, 인천 연안역의 수온 및 염분의 계절변화의 특성을 살펴 보았다. 수온의 연변화는 인천항과 소래에 이르는 조간대 해역이 만의 바깥쪽 해역보다도 수온의 연평균이 높고, 진폭도 크며, 위상도 빨랐다. 염분의 연변화는 인천항과 소래에 이르는 조간대 해역이만의 바깥쪽 해역보다도 연평균은 낮고, 진폭은 크며, 위상은 느리게 나타났다. 이러한 특성은 T-S도를 이용하여 나타낸 수괴의 계절 변화에서도 뚜렷하게 볼 수 있었다. 즉, 인천 연안역의 수괴는 수온과 염분의 연교차가 큰 인천과 소래에 이르는 조간대 해역과 염분 변동에 영향을 주는 강수나 증발, 담수 유입의 계절적 변화에 비교적 영향을 적게 받는 만의 바깥쪽 해역으로 구분할 수 있었다. 또한 얕은 수심과 강한 조류로 인하여 수층이 연중 거의 혼합된 분포를 보이고 있었다.