Purpose：Conventional pre-saturation pulse for suppressing venous signals cannot be applied to time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography(TOF-MRA) at 7 Tesla MRI due to specific absorption rate(SAR) limitation. The SAR could be attenuated with using low saturation flip angle, but a few repetitions are needed to reach signals below the steady-state signal of the brain tissues. The purpose of this study was to suppress venous system with clinically acceptable acquisition time by using 90 degree flip angle. Methods：The standard slab-selective radio-frequency and gradient waveform were modified to new-shaped models by minimum-time variable-rate selective excitation(Min-VERSE) algorithm. Excitation slice profile was measured and evaluated by a phantom scan. In volunteer measurement, the vessel-tissue contrast ratio of the sinuses(VTCR_S) and middle cerebral artery(VTCR_MCA) were assessed in correlation to surrounding tissue and compared to the values measured by the conventional TOF(cTOF) pulse sequence. Results：The experimentally-measured profiles showed that there was good agreement between conventional and modified pulse. The total scan time was 5 min 55 sec(Min-VERSE 90 FA, TR 28 ms) and 8 min 50 sec(90 FA, TR 42 ms). The quantitative results of ROI analysis were nearly similar, except the venous signal and VTCR_S at Min-VERSE 90 FA. Conclusions：We have presented that the use of Min-VERSE with high flip angle was useful. The total acquisition time was faster about 3 minutes and the signal analysis was hardly different to the values acquired by the values of 90 FA at cTOF. Since 7T MRI has been suitable for ultra-high resolution imaging, our protocol would be used by default for diagnosing various intracranial vascular pathologies.

Adsorption is one of the best methods for wastewater purification. The fact that water quality is continuously decreasing requires the development of novel, effective and cost available adsorbents. Herein, a simple procedure for the preparation of a magnetic adsorbent from agricultural waste biomass and ferrofluid has been introduced. Specifically, ferrofluid mixed with wheat straw was directly pyrolyzed either by microwave irradiation (900 W, 30 min) or by conventional heating (550°C, 90 min). Magnetic biochars were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, textural analysis and tested as adsorbents of As(V) oxyanion and cationic methylene blue, respectively. Results showed that microwave pyrolysis produced char with high adsorption capacity of As(V) (Qm= 25.6 mg g–1 at pH 4), whereas conventional pyrolysis was not so effective. In comparison to conventional pyrolysis, one-step microwave pyrolysis produced a material with expressive microporosity, having a nine times higher value of specific surface area as well as total pore volume. We assumed that sorption properties are also caused by several iron-bearing composites identified by Mössbauer spectroscopy ([super] paramagnetic Fe2O3, α-Fe, non-stoichiometric Fe3C, γ-Fe2O3, γ-Fe) transformed from nano-maghemite presented in the ferrofluid. Methylene blue was also more easily removed by magnetic biochar prepared by microwaves (Qm=144.9 mg g–1 at pH 10.9) compared to using conventional techniques.

본 논문에서는 PSC 거더의 긴장력을 계측하기 위한 EM 센싱 기법을 다양한 PS 텐던에 적용하기 위하여 PS 강종별 긴장력 변화에 따른 자기이력 모니터링 결과를 소개한다. PSC 교량의 성능평가에 있어 PS 텐던의 긴장력은 매우 중요한 인자이나 현재는 시공시 설계 긴장력의 도입 여부만을 검증하고 그 이후에는 긴장력 관리가 이루어지지 않는 실정이다. 이를 계측하기 위하여 EM 센서를 이용하여 긴장력을 계측하는 기법에 대한 연구가 이루어지고 있으나 PSC 거더에 사용되는 모든 PS 텐던에 대한 연구는 이루어지지 않았다. 이에 본 연구에서는 PSC 교량에 주로 사용되는 B, C, D종 PS 텐던에 대해 EM 센싱 기법을 적용하기 위하여 각 강종별 긴장력에 따른 자기 이력 변화를 모니터링하였다. 이를 위해 B종 12.7mm, C종 15.2mm, D종 15.2mm PS 텐던 시편에 50, 100, 150, 180kN의 긴장력을 도입하고 각 긴장력 단계마다 자기 이력 곡선을 EM 센서를 통하여 계측하였다. 계측 결과 각 긴장력 단계마다 그 투자율이 정량적으로 변화하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 B, C 종의 경우 단면적이 달라 선형회귀분석식의 상수는 상이하지만 유사한 기울기를 가지고 변화하고 D종의 경우 다른 강종과 다른 기울기를 가지고 변화하는 것을 확인하였다.

목 적：복부 자기공명영상(Abdomen MRI)검사는 호흡에 의한 움직임으로 인하여 최적의 영상 구현에 어려움이 많았다. 이에 본 연구에서는 복부자기공명검사 시 일정한 호흡을 돕는 메트로놈(Metronome)을 이용한 효과적인 검사 방법을 제시 하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법：2017년 1월 1일부터 2018년 1월 31일 까지 본원에서 검사한 복부 자기공명영상검사를 받은 총 60명(남자:여자=44:16)의 환자를 대상으로 최적의 복부 자기공명영상검사 검사방법에 대하여 연구를 하였다. 장비는 GE사의 Signa 1.5 Tesla 장비를 사용하였고, 연구는 호흡 유도하 스캔(RTr)의 Sequence 중 T2 Single Shot Fast Spin Echo Axial Scan(T2 SSFSE), T2 Fast Spin Echo Propeller Axial Scan(이하 T2 Propeller)으로 하였다. 메트로놈을 사용하지 않고 검사 한 그룹을 A그룹, 메트로놈을 사 용하여 검사 한 그룹은 B그룹(BPM30=15회/분당)으로 나누었다. 결과는 SPSS 20.0을 사용하여 통계 분석 하였다. 결 과：메트로놈 사용유무는 인공물 발생 정도와 영상의 화질에는 차이가 없었지만 메트로놈을 사용한 그룹이 검사시간(485s:439s)과 검사 중 문제점(과호흡, 검사 중 수면, 재검사) 발생률(23%:3%)이 현저히 저감 되었다(P<.05*). 결 론：복부 자기공명영상 검사 시 메트로놈을 사용하여 검사한 그룹이 사용하지 않은 그룹에 비하여 영상의 화질은 차이가 없었지만, 검사시간 단축 효과와 검사중 문제점 발생률 저감 효과는 통계학적으로 유의미 하였다(P<.05*). 따라서 호흡 유도하(RTr Scan) 복부 자기공명영상 검사 시 환자의 호흡수를 조절하는 메트로놈을 사용하면 더 효과적이라 할 수 있겠다.

목 적：고자장(3.0T) MRI에서 교정 후 잔존하는 강자성체 인공물에 대해 SEMAC 기법의 단계별 적용을 통하여 T1, T2 검사 시퀀스의 축상면 인공물의 장･단축 길이 감소 정도와 신호대 잡음비 측정을 통하여 인공물 감소를 위한 최적의 단계를 알아보고 임상에서 추가적인 검사 방법으로 적용하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법：3.0T MRI (MAGNETOM Skyra, Siemens, Munich, Germany)를 사용하여 자체 제작된 손목 (Wrist and hand) 팬텀 속에 치료용 보루스와 치과용 stainless steel wire (18 × 25 mm)를 삽입하여 고정하였다. 고신호 강도를 구현하기 위해서 두･부 전용 코일(64 channel)을 사용하여 검사를 진행하였 으며, 연구에 사용한 펄스 시퀀스는 T1 TSE, T2 TSE에 SEMAC 기법을 적용하였고, 추가적인 (additional) 위상 부호화 단계(phase encoding steps, PES)를 정성적(6-15), 정량적(6-10)까지 변화 시켜 10회 반복 측정하여 실험하였다. 정량적 평가는 영상 왜곡이 가장 심하게 일어난 부위(영상 18번)에 서 좌･우측으로 나누고 장･단축의 길이를 계측하였고, 인공물 영향이 없는 3곳을 좌･우측 각각 지정하여 신호대 잡음비(signal to noise ratio, SNR)를 계측하였다. 정성적 평가는 이미지의 질을 내･외부 평가 자 각각 3명이 영상 평가 기준에 맞춰 5점 척도화하여 평가하였다. 결 과：T2 SEMAC의 인공물에 대한 정량적 분석 결과는 PES가 6→7, 7→8, 8→9, 9→10 변화할 때 RT: 장축 길이는 0.11%, 0.02%, 0.10%, 0.02%로 감소, 단축 길이는 0.19%, 0.04%, 0.22%, 0.07%로 감 소하였다. LT는 장축 길이: 0.12%, 0.02%, 0.10%, 0.06%로 감소, 단축 길이: 0.20%, 0.09%, 0.18%, 0.3%로 감소하였다. T1 영상의 정량적 분석의 경우는 RT의 장축 길이: 0.17%, 0.01%, 0.11%, 0.01% 로 감소, 단축 길이는 0.14% 0.01%, 0.11%, 0.02%로 감소하였다. LT의 장축 길이: 0.20%, 0.01%, 0.09%, 0.01% 감소, 단축 길이: 0.13%, 0.03%, 0.11%, 0.01%로 감소되는 결과를 나타내었다 (p<0.01). T2(RT)의 신호대 잡음비 측정 결과 PES가 6-10까지 증가할 때 101.92, 105.25, 105.44, 104.44, 103.47, T2(LT): 95.30, 98.98, 97.22, 96.61, 95.74, T1(RT): 177.24, 175.50, 296.06, 299.88, 313.71이고, T1(LT): 159.67, 158.79, 246.75, 226.75, 259.67로 나타났다. 정성적 분석의 경우 T2 영상에서 5점 척도를 기준으로 SEMAC PES가 6- 15일 경우 1.50, 2.16, 2.16, 2.50, 2.83, 3.16, 3.33, 3.83, 4.50, 4.50점으로 내･외부 관측자가 영상을 평가하였고(p<0.01), T1 영상에서 6- 15일 경우 1.50, 2.16, 2.16, 2.33, 2.66, 3.33, 3.00, 3.66, 4.00, 4.16점으로 평가를 하였다 (p<0.01). 결 론：교정 후 치아의 유지를 위해 남아 있는 강자성체 인공물이나 불가피하게 두･경부에 잔존하는 물질로 인해 검사에 제한 사항이 발생을 할 경우 T2 SEMAC의 경우 PES 7, T1 SEMAC의 경우는 6-8(SNR, artifact, scan time 고려시: PES 8, PES 7, PES 6)을 권고한다. 본 연구에서 제시한 최적의 T1, T2의 SEMAC PES를 참고하여 임상에 적용한다면 기존 검사법과 비교 시 영상의 질 향상에 도움이 될 것이라 판단된다.

In order to increase the efficiency of the sputtering method widely used in thin film fabrication, a dc sputtering apparatus which supplies both high frequency and magnetic field from the outside was fabricated, and cobalt thin film was fabricated using this apparatus. The apparatus can independently control the applied voltage, the target-substrate distance, and the target current, which are important parameters in the sputtering method, so that a stable glow discharge is obtained even at a low gas pressure of 10−3 Torr. The fabrication conditions using the sputtering method were mainly performed in Ar+O2 mixed gas containing about 0.6% oxygen gas under various Ar gas pressures of 1 to 30 mTorr. The microstructure of Co thin films deposited using this apparatus was examined by electron diffraction pattern and X-ray techniques. The magnetic properties were investigated by measuring the magnetization curves. The microstructure and magnetic properties of Co thin films depend on the discharge gas pressure. The thin film fabricated at high gas pressure showed a columnar structure containing a large amount of the third phase in the boundary region and the thin film formed at low gas pressure showed little or no columnar structure. The coercivity in the plane was slightly larger than that in the latter case.

목 적：고자장(3.0T) MRI에서 교정 후 잔존하는 강자성체 인공물에 대해 SEMAC 기법의 단계별 적용을 통하여 T1, T2 검사 시퀀스의 축상면 인공물의 장･단축 길이 감소 정도와 신호대 잡음비 측정을 통하여 인공물 감소를 위한 최적의 단계를 알아보고 임상에서 추가적인 검사 방법으로 적용하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법：3.0T MRI (MAGNETOM Skyra, Siemens, Munich, Germany)를 사용하여 자체 제작된 손목(Wrist and hand) 팬텀 속에 치료용 보루스와 치과용 stainless steel wire (18 × 25 mm)를 삽입하여 고정하였다. 고신호 강도를 구현하기 위해서 두･부 전용 코일(64 channel)을 사용하여 검사를 진행하였으며, 연구에 사용한 펄스 시퀀스는 T1 TSE, T2 TSE에 SEMAC 기법을 적용하였고, 추가적인 위상 부호화 단계(phase encoding steps, PES)를 정성적(6-15), 정량적(6-10)까지 변화시켜 10회 반복 측정하여 실험하였다. 정량적 평가는 영상 왜곡이 가장 심하게 일어난 부위(영상 18번) 에서 좌･우측으로 나누고 장･단축의 길이를 계측하였고, 인공물 영향이 없는 3곳을 좌･우측 각각 지정하여 신호대 잡음비 (signal to noise ratio, SNR)를 계측하였다. 정성적 평가는 이미지의 질을 내･외부 평가자 각각 3명이 영상 평가 기준에 맞춰 5점 척도화하여 평가하였다. 결 과：T2 SEMAC의 인공물에 대한 정량적 분석 결과는 PES가 6→7, 7→8, 8→9, 9→10 변화할 때 RT 장축 길이는 0.11%, 0.02%, 0.10%, 0.02%로 감소, 단축 길이는 0.19%, 0.04%, 0.22%, 0.07%로 감소하였다. LT 장축 길이: 0.12%, 0.02%, 0.10%, 0.06%로 감소, 단축 길이: 0.20%, 0.09%, 0.18%, 0.3%로 감소하였다. T1 영상의 정량적 분석의 경우는 RT의 장축 길이: 0.17%, 0.01%, 0.11%, 0.01%로 감소, 단축 길이는 0.14% 0.01%, 0.11%, 0.02%로 감소하였다. LT의 장축 길이: 0.20%, 0.01%, 0.09%, 0.01% 감소, 단축 길이: 0.13%, 0.03%, 0.11%, 0.01%로 감소되는 결과를 나타내었다 (p<0.01). T2(RT)의 신호대 잡음비 측정 결과 PES가 6-10까지 증가할 때 101.92, 105.25, 105.44, 104.44, 103.47, T2(LT): 95.30, 98.98, 97.22, 96.61, 95.74, T1(RT): 177.24, 175.50, 296.06, 299.88, 313.71이고, T1(LT): 159.67, 158.79, 246.75, 226.75, 259.67로 나타났다. 정성적 분석의 경우 T2 영상에서 5점 척도를 기준으로 SEMAC PES가 6~15일 경우 1.50, 2.16, 2.16, 2.50, 2.83, 3.16, 3.33, 3.83, 4.50, 4.50점으로 내･외부 관측자가 영상을 평가하 였고(p<0.01), T1 영상에서 6~15일 경우 1.50, 2.16, 2.16, 2.33, 2.66, 3.33, 3.00, 3.66, 4.00, 4.16점으로 평가를 하였다(p<0.01). 결 론：교정 후 치아의 유지를 위해 남아 있는 강자성체 인공물이나 불가피하게 두･경부에 잔존하는 물질로 인해 검사에 제한 사항이 발생을 할 경우 T2 SEMAC의 경우 PES 7, T1 SEMAC의 경우는 6~8(SNR, artifact, scan time 고려시: PES 8, PES 7, PES 6)을 권고한다. 본 연구에서 제시한 최적의 T1, T2의 SEMAC PES를 참고하여 임상에 적용한다면 기존 검사법과 비교 시 영상의 질 향상에 도움이 될 것이라 판단된다.

Since the encoder and resolver are expensive, it is difficult to apply it as a position sensor of a motor in a real industrial field. Optical position sensors, such as encoders and resolvers, are also difficult to mount because of their size and durability. Therefore, in order to solve these problems, we propose a system that uses a linear motor as a stator and a magnet plate as a mover, and a system that excludes a separate linear scale and uses two linear Hall sensors and permanent magnets to generate a conventional sine wave, A linear motor capable of detecting an absolute position and a movement position of a magnet, a control method thereof, and a technology development that can reduce a production cost by developing a position control system using a magnet mover that can improve stability and reliability.

Warthin’s tumor (Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum) is a benign salivary neoplasm initially. It is predominantly found in the parotid gland and accounts for about 10-15% of all benign tumors of the parotid gland. It is known that it had higher incidence in males and in smokers. Warthin’s tumor had moderate intensity on T1- and T2- weighted images on the magnetic resonance image (MRI). In this case, a 44-year-old man visited our dental hospital with induration and pain on the right preauricular region. The lesion showed high intensity on T2- weighted images on the MRI. We performed tumor removal, with the histopathologic examination confirming Warthin’s tumor. This report presents review of literature and describes a case of Warthin’s tumor with high T2- weighted magnetic resonance image and its surgical treatment.

We present a new method for solving an inverse problem of flux emergence which transports subsurface magnetic flux from an inaccessible interior to the surface where magnetic structures may be observed to form, such as solar active regions. To make a quantitative evaluation of magnetic structures having various characteristics, we derive physical properties of subsurface magnetic field that characterize those structures formed through flux emergence. The derivation is performed by inversion from an evolutionary relation between two observables obtained at the surface, emerged magnetic flux and injected magnetic helicity, the former of which provides scale information while the latter represents the configuration of magnetic field.

This paper proposes a dynamic magnetic field emulator (DMFE), which can electrically emulate information for the magnetic stripes of most widely used credit cards. Payment transactions with most common credit cards are performed by reading the card’s information, encoded in magnetic stripes, using the reader head of a point-of-sale (POS) system. A stripe-type permanent magnet is attached to the back side of the credit card, and information for payments or value-added service is reorganized by exposing it to strong magnetic field. The process of data recording and retrieving as stated above has been pointed out as a major cause of illegal credit card use, because the information on the magnetic stripe is always exposed, and is thus vulnerable to forgery or alteration. A dynamic magnetic field emulator displays card information only when necessary by using the principle of solenoidal magnets. The DMFE proposed in this paper can prevent fraudulent use if it is operated with a device, like a smart phone, or a separate user-authentication procedure. In addition, because it is possible to display various information as needed, it can be utilized for a smart multi-card application, in which information for multiple cards is stored in one card, and can be selected and used as needed. This paper introduces the necessity of the DMFE and its manufacturing principles. As a result, this study will be helpful for making various application cases in payment, which is a core area of the Fintech (a newly-coined word of finance and technology) industry.

Due to the globalization of food supply have been growing, there have been a great demands for food safety and quality assuarance for on-site detection. On-site detetction isuue is the process should be fast, simple, user-friendly and require minimal equipments. Herein, we developed a Radial chromatography (RC) biosensor integrated with the immuno-gold nanoparticles-coated magnetic nanoparticle (AuNPs@Fe3O4) for specific separation and detection of the target bacteria, E. coli O157:H7, in sample. The immuno-AuNPs@Fe3O4 specifically binds to E.coli O157:H7 creating AuNP@Fe3O4-E.coli complexes and captured bacteria were concentrated by magnet. The complex can be identified with inner ring derived from the difference of mobility of free AuNPs@Fe3O4 on the RC sensor. Our results show that AuNPs@Fe3O4 based RC sensor has high sensitivity to the target bacteria over non-target bacteria with a detection limit of 103 CFU/ml. Our system offers a rapid and sensitive means of detecting E.coli O157:H7 with naked eyes, which can be applied to the field diagnosis.

Rapid, simple, and sensitive detection of pathogen bacteria is a highly topical research area due to increasingly concerning of food safety and public health. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a promising and attractive technique offering fast, sensitive, comparatively low-cost, and in-suit detection of pathogenic bacteria. However, this technique requires the preparation step for reducing the noise derived from heterogeneous matrixes of food sample. Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) is widely used technique enabling separation and concentration of the target analyte. It can be used not only laboratory scale but also field diagnosis easily. Here, we synthesized gold-shelled starch magnetic microparticles (GS@SMMPs) for effective separation and concentration of Escherichia coli O157:H7, which were subsequently subjected to SERS integrated with gold-coated 3D-well substrate for bacterial detection in aqueous solution. GS@SMMPs were labelled by Anti-E. coli O157 monoclonal antibody through gold binding protein and staphylococcal protein G (GBP-SPG) fusion protein. In IMS experiment, the immuno-GS@SMMPs showed high capture efficiency over 90% to E. coli O157:H7, which resulted in 10 times decrease in detection limit in PCR assay. Through SERS assay, E. coli O157:H7 concentrated by immuno-GS@SMMPs were successfully detected even at an extremely low concentration of 101 CFU/ml the subjected to SERS. Moreover, by using sandwich method using SERS reporter consisting of GBP-SPG, we found that E. coli O157:H7 were able to be detected by SERS quantitatively through measuring the SERS intensity of GBP-SPG. This novel strategy combining SERS and IMS could be meaningful for extending the application in SERS for in-suit sensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria.

Korea is the second largest coffee consuming country in Asia after the Philippines. For modern people, coffee has jumped over a favorite food and grown into a single culture. There are many processing ways to make coffee. In this study, we utilized magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) based on the principles of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and achieved to acquire images with an non-destructive and non-invasive way. The samples we used in the experiment were ‘Robusta’ coffee bean(Congo). Magnetic resonance(MR) image sets were acquired using a MRI system, installed at Institution for Agricultural Machinery & ICT Convergence at Chonbuk National University. From the raw phase(Green Bean stage) to the roasted phase, we obtained MR images from each phase to monitor the internal changes. We divided experiment into 5 stages, starting with ‘Green Bean’ phase to ‘Roasted’ phase. We obtained images every 6 hours during the ‘Fermentation’ phase and every 3 hours during the ‘Dry’ phase. In MRI, we used a gradient echo pulse sequence to scan fast and to take images right after each experiment stage ends. The direction of imaging plane was coronal 30 images with 64 mm x 64 mm field of view(FOV). As MRI uses the magnetic properties of nuclei which especially hydrogen nuclei from water molecules, images could see clearly with sufficient moisture, but in ‘Dry’ phase, images obtained with noise involved. These result suggested that MRI technique was an efficient method to monitor the moisture distribution changes inside the coffee beans.

In this study, we investigated the overpotential of precipitation related to the catalytic activity of electrodes on the initial process of electrodeposition of Co and Co-Ni alloys on polycrystalline Cu substrates. In the case of Co electrodeposition, the surface morphology and the magnetic property change depending on the film thickness, and the relationship with the electrode potential fluctuation was shown. Initially, the deposition potential(−170 mV) of the Cu electrode as a substrate was shown, the electrode potential(Edep) at the Ton of electrodeposition and the deposition potential(−600 mV) of the surface of the electrodeposited Co film after Toff and when the pulse current was completed were shown. No significant change in the electrode potential value was observed when the pulse current was energized. However, in a range of number of pulses up to 5, there was a small fluctuation in the values of Edep and Eimm. In addition, in the Co-Ni alloy electrodeposition, the deposition potential(−280 mV) of the Cu electrode as the substrate exhibited the deposition potential(−615 mV) of the electrodeposited Co-Ni alloy after pulsed current application, the Edep of electrodeposition at the Ton of each pulse and the Eimm at the Toff varied greatly each time the pulse current was applied. From 20 % to less than 90% of the Co content of the thin film was continuously changed, and the value was constant at a pulse number of 100 or more. In any case, it was found that the shape of the substrate had a great influence.