In this work, the effect of CaO and Fe2O3 on the geopolymer made from mine tailing and melting slag has been studied. Geopolymer was made from mine tailing, melting slag and blast furnace slag. The mechanical property of geopolymer prepared was affected by raw material used. Compressive strength of the geopolymer using blast furnace slag was higher than the geopolymer using melting slag. Because CaO and Fe2O3 content of two-type geopolymers was different. Therefore, the content of these controled to find out how to affect the property of geopolymer. According to the result of FT-IR(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), the compressive strength of geopolymer increased by activation of CS- H gel with increasing CaO content. In contrast, the compressive strength of geopolymer decreased by inhibition of geopolymerization with increasing Fe2O3 content. According to the result of XRD(X-ray diffraction), the geopolymerization was weakened by formation of olivine, goethite.

In this study, “Recycling of ladle furnace slag (LFS) in the electric furnace process to produce ultra rapid harding cement” is the target technology. Environmental and economic efficiencies of target technology are analyzed and ecoefficiency is assessed based on these results. The methodologies to analyze environmental and economic efficiencies are LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) and market price which is calculated based on LCC (Life Cycle Costing), respectively. Global warming potential (GWP) and abiotic resource depletion (ARD) are selected as indicator of environmental analysis. The reference flow of this study is considered 1kg of ultra rapid harding cement which made from the LFS. As a result of that, target process has environmental efficiency of 13.1 for global warming and 5.93 for abiotic resource depletion and has economic efficiency of 4.86. Eco-efficiencies are derived from this study can be applied to slag recycling policy formulation and effect analysis in the future. This can be also applied to improve process’s environmental and economic performances.

Recently, the amount of the mineral admixture including fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag was increased for the purpose of CO2 gas emission reduction in the concrete industry. However, in the case of korea, estimation model of strength development in concrete structural design code was prescribed a constant value according to cement type and curing method about the portland cement. therefore, the properties of strength development according to time of concrete using fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag does not reflected estimation model of strength development. Accordingly, this paper was evaluated strength according to time on the concrete strength range using fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace Slag and the strength development constant Bsc of concrete according to the kind of the mineral admixture and mixing ratio was proposed

This study investigates the fundamental properties of the water-binder (W/B) ratio and fine aggregate-binder (F/B) ratio in the alkali-activated slag cement (AASC) mortar. The W/B ratios are 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, and 0.50, respectively. And then the F/B ratios varied between 1.00 and 3.00 at a constant increment of 0.25. The alkali activator was an 2M and 4M NaOH. The measured mechanical properties were compared, flow, compressive strength, absorption, ultra sonic velocity, and dry shrinkage. The flow, compressive strength, absorption, ultra sonic velocity and dry shrinkage decreased with increases W/B ratio. The compressive strength decreases with increase F/B ratio at same W/B ratio. Also, at certain value of F/B ratio significant increase in strength is observed. And S2 (river sand 2) had lower physical properties than S1 (river sand 1) due to the fineness modulus. The results of experiments indicated that the mechanical properties of AASC depended on the W/B ratio and F/B ratio. The optimum range for W/B ratios and F/B ratios of AASC is suggested that the F/B ratios by 1.75~2.50 at each W/B ratios. Moreover, the W/(B+F) ratios between 0.13 and 0.14 had a beneficial effect on the design of AASC mortar.

In this work, lightweight brick was prepared from aluminum dross, MS and MBA. Aluminum dross is discharged as by-product through the process of aluminum smelting. It can be used as foaming agent, because it produces hydrogen gas due to the reaction with alkali activator. In this study, the specific gravity and compressive strength of prepared brick was discussed with the addition of aluminum dross. Compressive strength, flexural strength and specific gravity was 36 MPa, 2.6 MPa and 1.48 at mixing ratio of 0.9wt% aluminum dross, respectively. The physical property of brick was debased with the addition of aluminum dross. Because the pore size was bigger in accordance with the addition of aluminum dross.

본 연구에서는 각종 산업부산물 및 도시형 리싸이클링 재료 등의 재생자원을 안전하게 유효 이용할 수 있는 방안으로 BFS 및 SS를 활용한 저강도 콘크리트의 기초적 물성을 파악하기 위하여 플로우 및 블리딩, 일축압축강도, 환경오염평가를 중심으로 실험을 실시하였다. BFS 및 SS를 활용한 저강도 콘크리트의 경우 최소단위수량의 확보를 통한 유동성 개선 및 블리딩율 억제 또한, 현장 적용성을 고려한 일축압축강도의 확보에 있어 사용 잔골재의 차이에 상관없이 BFS 6000 이상을 30% 범위에서 혼입하는 것이 가장 유효한 것으로 나타났다. 특히, SS의 유효 활용 측면에서 BFS 8000을 30% 범위에서 혼합하여 사용하면 유동성 개선 및 블리딩율 억제, 일축압축강도의 확보는 물론 현장 적용에 있어 가장 최적의 배합조건으로 나타났다. 한편, SS를 활용한 시멘트 개량토를 대상으로 유해물질 함유량 및 용출시험을 실시한 결과 모두 환경 기준치 이하를 만족하는 것으로 나타나 주변 환경에 미치는 영향은 없는 것으로 확인되었다.

When manufacturing secondary concrete products, steam and autoclave curing are practiced for the purpose of securing product performance at early phase. CO2 is generated by combustion of fossil fuel at the time of curing. This study is part of a research conducted to minimize curing process which generates CO2. Combination materials types, substitution ratio, strength property per different types of curing are compared and evaluated. Result of the experiment indicates that combination material with 40%　blast furnace slag　substitution and W/B which has gone through 30,40% steam curing are the most outstanding experiment bodies.

These researchers are studying on the hydration model suggestion of cement incorporating blast furnace slag in durability prediction of concrete using hydration model. So in this study it measured hydration heat according to replace ratio, water cement ratio using conduction calorimeter to acquire experiment data for experimental verification and verify hydration heat property when blast furnace slag is incorporated.

This study is a result of the experiment for evaluating the performance of high strength concrete(100 MPa) using slag powder. We performed the experiment for mix design and measured the fluidity and strength. By using more slag powder in high strength concrete, workability is improved

Greenhouse gas emissions, ranking the world's top 10 ranked Korea in the development of the related technologies and the relevant laws and the formulation of plans in 2008 to a low-carbon, green growth a new vision of national growth is accelerating. In addition, Cement substitute material developed using high-performance concrete cement reduction technology, carbon capture technology is being studied. Therefore, in this study, utilizing activated industrial byproducts carbon Absorbing for road materials developed as part of the study typical industrial byproducts, Blast Furnace Slag and calcium hydroxide, sodium silicate mortar on Fundamental Properties of experiments the flow experiments, the compressive strength experiments performed basic experiments with respect to the results obtained were investigated

To the goal of improving the early compressive strength of the mortar including Ground granulated blast furnace slag under low-temperature environment, Industrial byproducts including SiO2 and Al2O3 was fired and than 7% of it was added into Ground granulated blast furnace slag. By checking compressive strength and activity index from different mixing rate, in spite of low strength development than OPC 100%, when using firing powder, the expectation of increasing strength by curing time was affirmative

This study is to compare and analyze the characteristics of blast furnace slag for use in a NPP concrete, strength, drying shrinkage of concrete using fly ash and OPC. Experimental results, the OPC concrete drying shrinkage is the largest and most FA and GS the similar level.

Ground granulated blast furnace slag is known to be much less quality variation compared to the fly ash can be substituted. Have high salt damage resistance, and chemical resistance of concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag substitution. The case of NPP concrete using fly ash in concrete, and is defined as less than 20% fly ash utilization. In this paper, consider a resistance to freezing-thawing of currently used to concrete in NPP structures and substitutes for ground granulated blast furnace slag

This study examines the strength development of non cement binder using blast furnace slag, which is generated as a by-product in the manufacturing the irons. In the experiment, we used KOH, Ca(OH)2 as the blast furnace slag stimulus. As the results of this experiments, it was shown that the compressive strength increased when mixing ratio of KOH and Ca(OH)2 was increased.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the immobilization of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd) in an abandoned mine soil by applying both soluble phosphates and steel slag as stabilizers. The application rate of stabilizers to soils was determinated based on PO4/Pb molar ratio of 2.0 for phosphates and on weight/weight ratio of 2, 5, 10% for steel slag, respectively. Immobilization efficiency of heavy metals in the contaminated soils was evaluated by toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP). After adding both phosphate and slag, the immobilization efficiencies of Cu, Zn and Cd increased significantly (about 14% - 40%) compared to those of treatment with soluble phosphate alone. The increae in immobilization efficiencies of Cu was the greatest. Whereas, immobilization efficiency of Pb was not significantly different from those with soluble phosphate alone. Among the tested three phosphates (Na2HPO4 ·12H2O, Ca(H2PO4)2 ·H2O, (NH4)2HPO4), the immobilization efficiencies with Na2HPO4 ·12H2O increased more than those of other phosphates. Results of sequential extraction analysis indicated that fraction of reducible form (F3) and residual form (F5) increased, while mobile forms (F1, and F2) decreased after immobilization treatment with both stabilizers resulting in decrease in leachability of heavy meyals in the treated soils. Residual fraction of Cu after treatnment was the highest as 68.5%, it was followed by Cu > Pb > Zn > Cd.

본 연구는 알칼리 활성화 슬래그에서 혼합 활성화제에 관한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 수산화나트륨(NaOH, A Case), 수산화칼슘(Ca(OH)2, B Case), 수산화마그네슘(Mg(OH)2, C Case), 수산화알루미늄(Al(OH)3, D Case), 그리고 수산화칼륨(KOH, E Case)의 5가지 수산화계열 활성화제를 사용했다. 이 5가지 수산화계열 활성화제와 탄산나트륨(Na2CO3)를 혼합하였다. 5가지 수산화계열 활성화제의 농도는 3M로 하고, 탄산나트륨은 1M, 2M, 3M로 하였다. 플로우와 응결 특성은 탄산나트륨의 혼합에 따라 감소하는 결과가 나타났다. 그러나 압축응력은 탄산나트륨의 혼합 농도에 따라 증가하는 결과를 나타내었다. 이것은 수산화계열 활성화제와 탄산나트륨의 혼합은 알칼리 활성화 슬래그 모르타르의 특성에 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.

Temperature of fresh concrete can be effectively used to predict the strength of concrete being cured and make an informed decision for stripping the molds. A hygrothermograph and thermo-couple sensors that require an extensive wiring have been applied to measure a temperature of concrete at the early stage of the curing process on site. Therefor, this study on the strength prediction using Maturity is mainly focused on, but the study on the concrete mixing blast furnace slag powder is insufficient. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between compressive strength and equivalent age by Maturity function and is to compare and examine the strength prediction of concrete mixing Blast Furnace Slag Power using ACI and Logistic Curve prediction equation.

This paper presents the experimental results for durability of an NaOH designed with blast furnace slag through the test method of chloride ion resistance and freezing-thawing resistance, Carbonation. In order to compare with NaOH, normal concrete was also tested. Test results showed that NaOH exhibited lower durability performance than ordinary mortar.

The objective of this study is to investigate the elasticity of high performance concrete replacement blast furnace slag. Experimental variables of this study are modulus(100×100mm, 150×150mm). And test results were compared with existing equations.

In previous research, it was found that waste oil was effective on resisting carbonation of concrete. This study is to find the effect of waste oil on the fundamental properties of concrete when blast furnace slag with high volume is used as a partial replacement of cement. Test results showed that the addition of waste oil in the concretes decreased slump and air content, but further reduction was not observed as the amount of the waste oil further increased. In addition, the waste oil had a little impact on deteriorating the compressive strength of the concretes.