This study is conducted to propose urban park utilization and master plan in rural areas. Urban parks designed for the rural areas can be divided into three types: a themed type for rural tourism, a community type for hub regenerations and a waterfront type for using agricultural reservoirs. To use the themes and characteristics of ruralness, these types are required a multi-layered spatial structure. And ecological, cultural and economic networks of local tourism resources have to be integrated by utilizing agricultural reservoirs. Therefore, urban parks in rural areas can be defined as a part of the public benefit project aiming to revitalize the local economy. Also, urban parks are necessary to use attractions and amenities in rural areas. Based on theoretical backgrounds, this study proposed two sustainable master plans as the tourism resource development project for Baelyeonje, Gulye-gun. For ecological and cultural sustainability, this study proposed the environment restoration plan which reinforces the scenic resource of Nogodan in Mt. Jiri by developing the underdevelopment plan with consideration of the local landscape characteristics and resources. For economic sustainability, building the Mt. Jiri tourism complex and economic communities are needed to promote investments for securing mutual economic benefits. To achieve the sustainability, further studies related to the social equity and investment of private capital in rural areas are needed.

The study aims to predict the behavior of tourists in Hadong County, which is registered as KIAHS. Based on the theory of planning behavior, we intend to verify the theory of planned behaviour, which adds descriptive parameters of the perceived value and prior knowledge of an agricultural heritage. In detail, first, the perceived value and prior knowledge of tourists about an agricultural heritage understand the influence of tourists’ Attitude. Second, we could see the role of the behavioral factors in the causal relationship of the planned behavioral theory. We have identified the planned behavioral theory that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceptual behavior controls affect the intention of the revisit. Hadong should remember that by sending and providing various information about Hadong Green Tea and World Agricultural Heritage sites, it is possible to elicit changes in visitor attitudes and revisit visits.

One of the largest and fastest growing segments of the tourism industry, sport tourism refers to travel to play sports, watch sports, or to visit a sport attraction including both competitive and non-competitive activities. In this respect, cycling can be considered as not only a form of physical exercise but also a form of tourism in which cycling is a usual tourism-related activity, heading to a particular destination. The purpose of this study is to examine how demographical differences of cycle tourists are related to the quality of their life. An online survey was conducted and data was analyzed using frequency, reliability, and one - way ANOVA using SPSS 22.0. First, we found that there was no significant difference on the quality of physical life based on demographical characteristics. Second, the analysis of the relationship between demographical characteristics and the quality of mental life showed that income level affects their quality of mental life. Third, the analysis of the relationship between socio demographic characteristics and the quality of social life showed that marital status affects the quality of social life. Fourth, no statistically significant difference was found between the demographical characteristics and the quality of environmental life. Further implications were discussed.

Today, the population of cycle participants is consistently increasing. Cycling is becoming not only a form of physical exercise but also a form of tourism in which cycle activities are related to visiting a particular destination. With the perspective of participation sport tourism, the purpose of this study is to investigate how the level of cycle tourists’ participation affects their quality of life. An online survey link was sent to cycle participants to collect data. Out of the total 337 respondents, a total of 226 samples were used for the final analysis, disregarding those that were found to be inadequate or unreliable. For data analysis, frequency analysis, reliability test, validity, correlations, and regressions were employed with SPSS 22.0. For our first result, we found that the level of cycle participation did not significantly affect the quality of physical life. Second, the level of cycle participation did not have significant effect on the quality of mental life. Third, the level of cycle participation behavior did not have a significant effect on the quality of social life. Fourth, the level of cycle participation behavior did not have a significant effect on the quality of environmental life. Conclusions and political implications are discussed.

｢전국 폐기물 발생 및 처리현황｣의 발생원단위 산정방법은 처리구역 내 인구 대비 1일 생활폐기물 발생량을 말한다. 생활폐기물은 실제 제주특별자치도민의 생활폐기물과 관광객의 관광폐기물이 모두 집계되고 있으며, 실제 도민의 발생원단위는 보고된 발생원단위에 비해 낮을 것으로 사료된다. 관광객 1일 생활폐기물 발생량에 관한 기존 반영사례의 경우 관광객수, 관광객 체류기간을 반영하여 도민 1일 발생량과 관광객 1일 발생량을 구분한다. 산정식의 인자는 제주도 1일 생활폐기물 발생량, 제주도 인구, 제주도 방문 관광객수, 관광객 체류기간이며, 생활폐기물 발생량을 통해 2014년 기준 도민 1.26kg/인･일, 관광객 0.01kg/인･일로 발생원단위 산정이 가능하다. 기존연구는 도민이 관광객에 비하여 과도하게 많은 폐기물을 배출하는 결과를 나타내고 있으므로 정확한 관광폐기물 발생원단위의 산정을 위하여 관광객의 여행 실태를 고려한 주요 관광폐기물 배출 발생원을 고려한 연구가 필요하다. 이는 관광폐기물량을 활용하여 처리체계 구축 및 감량대책을 구축하여 효율적인 폐기물 관리 정책을 모색할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 외부인구 배출 폐기물 발생원을 각 업종별로 검토를 통해 선정하고, 이 중 운수업, 도매 및 소매업, 숙박 및 음식점업, 관광업으로 표본업체를 설정하였다. 각 표본별 폐기물량을 서면 및 방문조사하여 외부인구 배출 폐기물 발생량을 파악하고, 폐기물의 발생량 및 발생원단위 보정을 통해 제주특별자치도 도민 실제 발생원단위를 산정하였다. 클린하우스 배출 업체의 경우 폐기물 발생량 추정 불가로 인해 발생원 표본에서는 제외하였다. 제주특별자치도는 펜션 등 소규모 숙박시설, 렌트카, 관광버스 등에서 분리되지 않는 재활용품 및 폐기물 발생량이 증가하고 있으며, 관광지역 소재 사업장에서 발생되는 폐기물을 주변 클린하우스에 다량 배출하여 클린하우스 넘침 현상 유발 등의 문제가 있다. 다량배출사업장 기준 관리 강화 및 실명제 관리, 클린하우스 배출 사업장 제한을 하고, 렌트카 이용자 및 관광버스 승객 대상 재활용품 분리배출 협조요청 교육실시가 필요하다고 판단된다. 나아가 그린텍스(Green tax) 도입으로 개별 배출자에 대한 오염자 부담원칙 제도를 시행하기 위한 기초 분석자료로 활용을 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

한옥마을은 전주시의 대표적인 관광지로 주목받고 있으며, 연간 관광객이 2016년 기준으로 1,066만명에 이를 정도로 좁은 관광지역에 대규모 인파가 폭증함에 따라 교통체증은 물론 먹거리 문제, 이에 따른 폐기물 관리문제가 대두되고 있는 상황이다. 음식업소배출량을 제외하고 연간 3,551톤(약 10톤/일)의 생활폐기물이 길거리수거함에 배출되고 있으며, 종량제봉투(100L 기준)사용량이 월 5,000장 정도 소요되며, 총 12지점의 배출지를 확보하여 운영하고 있지만, 관광객증가 및 음식소비 등에 따른 발생량 증가에 대응하기에 한계가 있다. 주요배출원인 길거리 음식점의 1회용품에 의한 것으로 확인되며, 길거리 배출함내 일반 및 재활용성 폐기물이 혼합되어 배출되고 있고, 상가 및 거주 주민들의 생활폐기물도 무단배출되는 지역특성을 고려하여 현장조사를 통해 폐기물 발생특성을 확인하고, 단계별로 규모별 적정한 관리방안을 모색하려고 한다. 또한 한옥마을 관광형태가 한옥숙박과 함께 거리여행의 특성이 크고, 이동반경이 작은 만큼 실내 음식 소비형태보다는 길거리 요기형태의 소비가 높아 길거리 배출량이 증가하는 경향을 고려하여 한옥마을 도로에 대한 관광객 및 길거리 음식업주의 쓰레기 분리 및 수거상황을 조사를 통해 관리 실태를 확인하고자 한다.

Purpose - Based on preceding studies, this thesis focuses on the finding of the definition and category of mobile tourism application and deriving out its characteristics. And after looking for how they make influences on continuous intention to use, we make empirical study with TAM model. Research design, data, and methodology - There are many Chinese tourist who visit Korea with user's constant intention to use of tourism application. This study is to find out the definition and category of mobile tourism application through research of preceding study and to fomulate the research model and hypothesis that how tourism application attributes (convenience, interaction, accessibility, local basis, security) affect constant intention to use of mobile tourism application. In order to verify a hypothesis, we conducted a survey for Chinese users of tourism application. In empirical study, we analyzed a structure model for frequency analysis, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, validity analysis through IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 and IBM SPSS AMOS 21.0 Results - Among tourism applications, convenience, interaction, accessibility and local basis have positive effects on both perceived usefulness and perceived easiness respectively. But security does not. Also perceived easiness has a positive effect on perceived usefulness. Finally, perceived usefulness and perceived easiness have positive effect on constant intent to use. Conclusions - Tourism application enterprises should put emphasis on design such as menu or function in order to simplify the operation of new services for new customers. Therefore, comfortable user interface and development of useful function can improve tourism application. Consequently, it leads to the promotion of tourism application. Also, when users perceive tourism application as a useful media which is easy, comfortable and useful content, the degree of constant intention to use becomes increased. It is important to provide plentiful and useful contents for customers and to develop user interface such as easy operation because these factors have positive effects on constant demand and use of tourism application.

본 연구는 전주한옥마을 관광객을 대상으로 독특성욕구에 따른 선호도와 구매의도에 미치는 구매 행동에 관한 연구를 토대로 전주한옥마을 음식관광의 방향을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 표본의 인구통 계학적 특성 중 전주한옥마을은 30대가 가장 많이 방문하며, 한 달 수입이 201만 원 이상인 관광객이 가장 많은 소비를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 가설 검증을 위해 회귀분석을 실시하였으며 유사성회피는 전통비빔밥의 선호도에 부정적인 영향관계를 보였으나 독특한 비빔밥의 선호도는 독창적선택과 비대 중적선택에 긍정적인 영향관계가 있음을 검증하였고, 독창적선택과 유사성회피는 독특한 비빔밥의 구매의도에 긍정적인 영향관계가 있음을 검증하였다. 전통비빔밥의 선호도는 전통비빔밥의 구매의도에 긍정적인 영향관계를 보였으며, 전통비빔밥의 선호도와 독특한 비빔밥의 선호도는 독특한 비빔밥의 구매의도에 긍정적인 영향관계가 있음을 검증하였다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the participant’s perception of importance and performance of rural tourism network products that are linked with local resources, and propose the implications on the development direction of such products. The focus is on helping rural tourism network products acquire competencies that will help them evolve their business and differentiate themselves. To reach these objectives, a survey was designed through theoretical research on the motive of rural tourism and on agritourism networks. The survey was carried out on visitors to rural communities that produce rural tourism network products from November, 2015, to January, 2016 using 165 copies of a questionnaire after distributing 175 copies. The first quadrant continue and sustain‘, an area of high importance and high performance, included trial program components, stress reduction, getting away from daily routines, gaining new experiences, comfort, experiencing rural culture, travel expenses, and making memories with family. The second quadrant ‘requires intensive improvement’, an area of high importance but low performance, included having diverse trial programs, refreshment, experiencing agriculture, and education of children. Therefore, continuous interest is required for the area of ‘maintenance’ just as it is for activating educational farms in rural communities and a more fundamental improvement in the operation should be made for the area of ‘intensive management’.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the image similarity and attribute recognition of the top 10 rated spa destinations (Chungnam Deoksan, Chungnam Dogo, Busan Dongrae, Daejeon Yuseong, Chungnam Asan, Gyeongbuk Bomun, Chungbuk Suanbo, Gyeongnam Jangyu, Chungnam Onyang, & Gyeongbol Bugok) in Korea based on the visits to these spa places by the customers. Research design, data, and methodology – The survey of this study was conducted on the visitors to the top 10 spa destinations in Korea from April 8 ∼ April 21, 2017, and a total of 300 questionnaires were distributed. Of them, effective questionnaires used in the final study were a total of 241. In this study, empirical analysis was made through frequency analysis, factor analysis, and multidimensional scaling ALSCAL(spinning symmetry for image similarity and rectangle for attributes recognition) by using the Statistics Package SPSS 24.0. Results – According to the analysis result of spa destination image similarity, the stress level was 0.16453 and the level of the stress was good. Moreover, the coefficient of determination (RSQ) was, which had a description of each aspect of the spa destination, 0.79908. According to the results of attribute recognition, the stress value of 0.11805 represents a degree of conformity, and the coefficient of determination(RSQ) appeared at 0.98665. Therefore, the results of this analysis are that the similarities between spa destinations and the attribute recognition of the spa destinations is a suitable model that is properly expressed in two dimensions. Conclusions – First, according to the analysis result of image similarity, Deoksan & Dogo spa revealed similar images, as well as the Dongrae and Yuseong spa, while on the contrary Asan, Bomun, Suanbo spa has different images from the rest. Second, according to the results of attribute recognition, Asan and Onyang spa has competitiveness in terms of accessibility to spa destination; Yuseong, Dongrae, Jangyu spa in terms of spa facilities, spa tourism conditions, and service & shopping conditions. while spa water quality and spa costs showed low attribute reflection for all 10 spas. Therefore, the spa visitors cannot recognize the differentiation of spa water quality and spa costs.

Purpose - With the worldwide aging problem and the development of globalization, customers prefer to seek affordable medical services with the higher quality overseas. This new trend has urged some destination countries to improve their services for the more competitive advantages over other countries. Literature research indicate that medical quality and cost may be the key factors influencing global patients’ decisions. In the international environment, however, medical tourism destinations are selected due to cultural similarity between the hosting country and the customers’ own country. The more similarity perceived between the two countries leads foreign patients to choose the considering country as the destination for medical tourism. However, little research has been conducted on this topic. Thus, we empirically investigate how cultural similarity influences Chinese medical customers’ choice of the destinations. We also consider the factors related to medical competency and travel attribute which might affect customers’ decisions along with some moderating roles of disease types. Research design, data, and methodology – We proposed a research model in order to confirm the relations among different variables of cultural similarity, medical competency, travel attractiveness, disease types, and destination choice. The questionnaire survey is processed in the more economically developed regions of China such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Jiangsu. Conditional logit regression is applied to analyze the data of 881. Results - Results indicate that cultural similarity is the important predictor of Chinese customers’ decision to select a medical country. However, the effects of cultural similarity vary according to the disease types. We also find that medical competency and travel attractiveness influence their decisions with the moderating role of disease types. Conclusions – Cultural similarity is the important factor that influences Chinese potential medical tourists’ decisions to select a destination. Marketing managers should consider the effects of cultural similarity when developing strategies for attracting Chinese medical tourists. Since medical competency and travel attractiveness are still the critical key elements for them to evaluate the destination countries, it is necessary to continuously improve medical service quality and facilities. The results also recommend that medical managers should sharpen their marketing strategies by segmenting Chinese potential customers in terms of disease types.

본 연구는 우리나라 근대 관광문화상품에 나타난 특징을 통해 현재 우리나라의 획일적이며 창의성이 부족한 관광문화상품의 질적 향상을 도모하기 위한 필요성에서 시작되었다. 관광산업은 한 가지만 갖춰진다고 활성화 되는 것이 아니라 분야별로 짜임새 있게 일정 수준에 도달해야 가능하다. 관광을 활성화 시키는 주요한 관광인프라 요소는 교통, 숙박, 먹거리, 볼거리, 즐길거리에 추가로 관광문화상품 같은 살거리가 빠질 수 없다. 이런 이유로 관광산업 활성화 측면에서 지난 일제강점기에 제작된 관광문화상품 속에 담긴 디자인적 특징을 도출해 관광문화상품 발전에 기여코자 한다. 연구방법은 디자인적 특징을 도출 할 수 있는 객관적 분석틀 모형을 만들고 이에 대입하여 특징을 찾아내고자 하였다. 연구범위는 우리나라의 근대디자인 자료를 가장 많이 소장하고 있는 근현대디자인박물관의 소장품 중 1920-30년대에 생산된 관광문화상품 중에서 그룹을 지울 수 있는 문화상품군(文化商品群)을 연구 대상으로 삼았다. 이에 연구내용 및 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인쇄 및 후 가공의 마무리 수준이 매우 높다. 둘째, 한국적 전통소재와 지역적 특징을 잘 살려 타 지역과 차별화 하였다. 셋째, 신선한 아이디어를 돋보이는 자연친화적인 상품이 많다. 넷째, 장정이나 패키지디자인에 신경을 많이 썼으며 사용설명문이 첨부돼 있다. 이상과 같은 연구 결과로 우리나라 관광문화상품디자인에 자극제가 되어 참신한 관광문화상품들이 생산되길 기대한다.

여행을 하는 사람들은 기념하고 싶거나 추억을 공유하는 마음으로 타인에게 선물을 주거나 자신에게 추억을 간직하는 의도에서 여행지마다 독창적이고 차별화된 관광기념품을 구매하고 싶어 한다. 흔히 관광기념품이라고 하면 지역특색이 잘 나타난 농산물 가공품이나 공산품인데 주로 휴대하기가 싶고 가격도 적절하고 쓰임새나 보관도 용이한 민.공예품이 가장 많이 선택된다. 최근에는 시대적 트랜드에 맞춰 수공예적인 특성이 두드러진 민.공예품이 IT기술과 접목된 상품으로 거듭나고 대량생산이 가능한 상품으로 개발되고 있는 추세이다. 지역문화만이 각각 독특함을 지니고 있기에 정보화 된 지구촌 사회에서 보면 어쩌면 제각기 차별화 된 상품을 만들어야만 할 것이다. 지구촌 시대에 글로벌한 생활양식이 교류되다 보니 나라마다 독특함이 있는 소재개발과 디자인이 가장 두각을 나타내고 있다. 현 시대는 지구촌 시대여서 문화와 환경이 지역간, 나라 간의 경계도 모호해져 가고 있기에 더 더욱 그 지역만의 관광기념품과 문화상품이 필요할지도 모른다. 이에 본 연구는 우리나라 지자체별로 관광기념품 공모전을 개최하는 자료를 수집하여 품목, 소재, 가격, 홍보지원 내용을 분석하여 관광기념품을 지속적으로 개발하려는데 있다. 그리고 예술가들의 지역산업현장의 참여를 위해 공동체 모델인 협동조합을 제시하려 한다. 지역브랜드와 함께 문화예술분야가 지역산업으로 발전하고, 나아가 예술가들의 안정적인 생업의 계기가 마련되길 기대해 본다.

This study aims to contemplate the archetypal landscape of a scenic site, Suseungdae area in Hwangsan-maeul village, Geochang-gun by reference research and field surveys and drew the results as follows. First, Since Seong Yundong(成允仝; 1450-1540) embarked on operating the Suseungdae in Eonari(魚川) in 16th century, Shin Gwon(愼權, 1501-1573) and Im Hun(林薰, 1500-1584) took a major role of establishing the archetypal landscape of the area. Henceforth, numerous scholars had kept exploring the scenery and completing the archetypal landscape of the area until the 19th century. Second, the locations of 50 archetypal landscape elements, including 「Guyeon-dong sipgugyeong(龜淵洞十九景)」 which are dispersed along the Wicheon, has been identified. On the base of this, the archetypal landscape of Suseungdae area is figured out as the ‘Guyeon-dong(龜淵洞)’ area coming down from ‘Cheoksuam(滌愁巖)’ to ‘Byeoram(鼈巖)’. Third, many archetypal landscape elements are from the locations along the river. Among them, the ones named with rock: Am(巖) and Seok(石), which are shapes of turtles or terrapins, take the high rate and so do the ones named with ‘Dam(潭)’, which are waterscape. Fourth, among the cultural landscape elements, there are many garden structures such as Nujeong(樓亭) and Seowon(書院), which are located at the spots of viewing the landscape and the structures like banks, bridges and dams are also included. Furthermore, the letters engraved on the rocks are mainly about the landscape elements and are sometimes about the records of building and operating the landscapes by the people who were appreciating the arts and nature. Based on the range and characteristics of the archetypal landscape in Suseungdae area from this study, it is needed to take follow-up studies on the guidelines for efficient management by means of classifying the detailed fields so that there are no negative factors conflicting with the adjacent land use.

계림은 자연관광과 역사문화의 관광 명소로 풍부한 자연관광자원과 문화․사회관광자원을 확보하고 있는 관광명소이다. 2009년에 관광지개발을 효율적으로 관리하고 추진하기 위하여 중국 정부는 계림에 국가관광종합실험구를 설립하여 본격적으로 관광권역개발을 추진하기 시작하였다. 그러나 계림의 관광지 개발은 많은 문제점을 안고 있어 국제관광지를 개발하는 데 과학적인 대책을 꺼내지 못하고 있다. 그리고 원래 존재한 단일한 관광지 개발구조 등 문제는 여전히 해결하지 못하고 있는 상황이다. 한국은 1970년대부터 관광권역개발에 착수하였고 현재 체계적인 관광관역개발제도를 형성하여 관광지 개발에 있어 많은 성공적인 경험도 쌓였다. 관광지의 분류에 의한 관광지지정제도, 관광법의 법적 보증 그리고 다양한 관광 지원정책 등 그 예들이다. 순천관광지의 개발은 바로 관광권역 개발전략의 현실화 중의 한 예이다. 우수한 관광자원에 의하여 순천은 관광자원의 보호, 관광권역계획의 편성, 제도․법적 보증, 관광지 선정과 지역경제 활성화, 편리한 교통서비스의 구축 등 일련의 대책을 통하여 관광지개발사업이 잘 이루어지고 있다. 한국의 성공적 관광권역개발전략은 계림관광지의 개발 사업에 일조가 될 수 있다.

This study began to learn wether or not satisfaction factor of rural tourism is effective to visit for the ordinary foreign people. Research method was parallel-site investigation literature, questionnaire. The analytical data of the study, literature 40 reviews, questionnaire 179 survey in 200 of the subject was using. Measurement and scale was set factors of satisfaction with 'Transportation · Infrastructure', 'Festival · Experience Program', 'Place', 'Room and Food', 'Local People', and 'Buying the Local Product' through the previous studies and preliminary survey. In the statistical analysis method, frequency analysis, crosstabs, multiple regression analysis and a structural equation model analysis was performed, using SPSS and AMOS program. The Structural analysis results showed 'Place' and 'Local People' have an positive effect on the 'Overall Satisfaction'. Satisfaction of the 'Festival · ExperienceProgram', had a major impact also 'Intention of Revisit'. Finally for rural tourism fascination, the contents such as the distinctive local attraction, human resources, information transmission and convenient use is more important than the format and scale.

전 세계적으로 해양산업이 국가산업으로 인식되며 그 중요성이 커지고 있고, 해양산업 중 가장 각광 받는 분야는 해양레저 산업 이라 할 수 있다. 또한 우리나라는 우수한 문화와 다양한 관광자원으로 많은 외국인 관광객이 방문하고 있다. 그 중 중국인 관광객인 유커 의 경우 2007년 106만명을 시작으로 2015년 598만명까지 지속적으로 늘어나는 추세이다. 이에 인천시는 골든하버라는 이름의 복합리조트 를 조성하기 위해 약 1조원 이상의 예산을 투입했으며, 향후 해양관광단지 개발에 집중할 것이라고 언급했다. 따라서 본 연구는 중국인 관 광객과 인천항만공사의 전문가를 대상으로 해양관광단지의 성공요인에 대해 설문을 실시하여 차이를 비교하였다. 중국인 관광객 대상 퍼 지분석 결과, 서비스 친절도(0.823)가 가장 높은 순위의 중요도를 보였고, 그 다음으로 안전성(0.823)과 편의성(0.773), 다양한 관광상품 (0.755)을 중요하게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 운영사 대상 설문으로 골든하버의 운영사인 인천항만공사 직원 20명을 대상으로 실시하였 고, 중요요인으로 다양한 관광상품(0.852), 접근성(0.850), 출입국심사(0.810), 편의성(0.793) 순으로 중요하게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다.

In this study, we investigated the relationship between the number of tourist visits to Taebaek and snowfall. We used the number of train passengers of Taebaek rail station and daily fresh snow records from Korea Railroad Corporation and Korea Meteorological Administration in the winter of 2010-2011 and 2013-2014. The results from our research show that heavy snowfall substantially attracts visitors who want enjoy snowy scenery whereas light snowfall has no influence on the number of tourist visits. In fact, according to our analysis, the number of visitors increases by 34% in the winter 2010-2011 and 72% in the winter of 2013-2014 at maximum in case of heavy snowfall events. The sharp increase in the number of visitors after the heavy snowfall reflects the positive effect of heavy snowfall, which creates beautiful scenery.

Tourism is often considered as one of the main industries to promote development and modernization in small South Pacific islands countries. In Fiji, this was recognized in the 1960s, and resulted in large-scale resort based tourism development in coastal areas. While tourism has obvious advantages to the economy, a lot of problems such as exclusive foreign control of the main hotels and resorts, considerable overseas leakage of earnings, the limited participation by indigenous resource owners, and localized environmental damages to reefs and mangroves are emerging. For sustainable tourism development, it is needed to set growth objectives and targets for tourism in terms of benefits to Fiji, and to concentrate support on ‘Rural Tourism’ such as community-based tourism that have lower leakage and put more into local economies. Through case study in this paper, to develop rural tourism at the local level, several recommendations are as follows: 1) to introduce various rural tourism programs such as experiencing Fiji’s traditional culture, participating in activities, picking fruits and harvesting agro-products, 2) to enhance aggressive promotion and marketing strategies, 3) to build the capacity of local communities for improving the quality of tourism services, and 4) to provide the infrastructure for tourism business such as road accessing, water supply and disaster prevention.

In order to vitalize the local area of Tendou City in Japan, this study chose a local indigenous industry and sought ways to connect the tourism industry with it. An inventory of local indigenous industry was assembled using relevant literature, field surveys, and interviews with local people. The Japanese chess industry was selected for a case study in connecting tourism with industry. Local indigenous industry was defined as an industry related to the local culture that uses local resources (and thus introduces possible industrialization). This industry can be easily marketed is to the rest of Japan or abroad. People in charge of local indigenous industry should understand the meaning and effects of connecting to the tourism industry, while people in tourism should acknowledge that local industry is good marketing material. Three steps are suggested: 1) to display the industrialy process of Japanese chess production: to tourism in safe and comfortable surroundings; 2) to offer amenities and producetion facility tuors; and 3) to offer tourists an opportunity to experience Japanese chess productions first hands.