The black raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miquel) contains anthocyanin, tannins, gallotannin, gallic acid, ferulic acid and phenolics. It brightens the eyes and protects the liver and kidneys. It was effective for anti-aging. Thus, the purpose of this study was to inform the excellence of black raspberry and to screen antioxidant activity to ensure the possibility as a functional material. In this study, bioactive compounds in black raspberry were determined. Additionally, black raspberry was extracted by CM (chloroform:methanol, 2:1, v/v), 70% methanol and 70% ethanol, and were investigated and compared in vitro methods. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were measured to compare each different solvents. In addition, DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, reducing power were determined to measure the antioxidant activity. The results were the highest in 70% ethanol extracts, and the higher the concentration showed a significantly higher antioxidant capacity. When observed the relationship between the study, antioxidant activity of black raspberry was supposed to affect by the anthocyanin, phenol and flavonoid contents.

In this paper, it suggests how to input what it needs under gesture based which is able to put its text 3 times faster than an existing way with voice based by a person who is a visually impaired person with a smart device that is flat display without a physical button. The suggesting way is a text input method based on gesture that after setting the touch display of the smart phone to 8 directions, then, it inputs number, English/Korean tests and special characters with initial location and central point of input texts following drag motion of the users or it controls and processes all applications in the smart devices naturally. It tries to prove efficiency of this method through real test to the visually impaired.

The definition of an apartment is a building more than 5 stories high and which is the standard law. Currently, the number of apartments is increasing much faster than detached houses. Owning an apartment is a normal trend these days. However, the increasing number of apartments has been increasing the number of apartment fires which also has been making social problems. Therefore, this study was conducted for the fire extinguisher among other fire facilities because it is important for initial fire suppression. The research subject is on the fire extinguisher that is in the underground parking lot of 40 apartment complexes which are more than 10 stories. Survey and analysis were conducted for 80 fire extinguishers. There are two fire extinguishers for each apartment. The result of this study is that all installed fire extinguishers are ABC dry chemical type, 92% of them is 3.3kg and that meet the legal height(less than 1.5m). However, the condition such as appearance, inspection, manufactured year, appearance of signs, material of signs, size of signs, etc. was insufficiency. So improvement of law and system that are fire facility construction, maintenance implementation and additional designation of type approval about sign will be needed in my opinion.

세계 주요 항만에서 해상안전관리의 주요한 수단으로 자리잡은 VTS는 향후 E-네비게이션을 비롯하여 해상과 항만의 각종 데이터를 총괄하는 데이터 베이스의 중심이 될 것으로 전망되고 있다. 다양한 정보의 수집과 분석이라는 측면에서 최근에 주목되고 있는 빅 데이터 개념을 포함한다면 VTS를 통해 수집할 수 있는 데이터의 범위와 정보 분석 능력 및 활용범위를 향상시키기 위한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 통신 빈도와 같이 정량적 분석 위주로 접근했던 기존 연구와는 달리 VTS 통신의 목적이나 유형과 같은 분석을 포함하여 관제대상 선박에 대한 정보와 각 통신의 소요시간까지 수집하였다. 이렇게 수집된 정보의 여러 항목을 교차하여 비교하고 분석할 수 있는 데이터 수집 모델을 본 연구에서 제시하여 관제통신 건수, 방식, 관제 유형방법, 선종별 통신량 및 법령 위반건수 등을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이 연구 결과 (1) 부산항 북항의 경우에는 정보전달 형태의 관제가 빈번하고, 특정한 선종의 선박과 통신이 편중되어 있으며 (2) 관제 채널 청취 불이행, 항로 준수 위반의 법령 위반 사항이 자주 발생하고 있으나 통신량의 혼잡으로 인하여 소극적인 관제가 수행되고 있다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 이렇게 수집된 정보는 IALA Guideline에서 작업부하로 지적하고 있는 ‘상황인지가 가능한 수준의 관제통신량’에 대한 분석 자료로 활용할 수 있으며 향후 e-내비게이션 연구를 위한 데이터베이스로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

There are approximately 116 straits used for international navigation around the world. Some of them are important international maritime chokepoints, namely the Dover Strait, Hormuz Strait, Straits of Malacca and Singapore and the Russian straits across the Northeast Arctic Passage. Due to the high number of navigational traffic going through these straits, vessel-source pollution is endemic in these waters. This article examines the applicable international legal framework on protection of the marine environment of straits used for international navigation such as Part XII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and other related legal measures like International Maritime Organization conventions on protection of the marine environment. This article concludes by stating that the present framework is not sufficient in properly balancing two vital interests in the maritime world – protection of the marine environment vis-à-vis shipping.

In this paper, a design concept of post-tensioned precast bridge piers was proposed to improve seismic behavior of the bridge pier. Mild reinforcing bars are placed continuously along the height of the column. Prestressing tendons are also provided to obtain re-centering capability for seismic events. Arrangement of the axial steels to prevent buckling of rebars at plastic hinge region was suggested and enhanced seismic performance was verified by experiments. Moment-curvature analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of effective prestress on seismic behavior after verifying the calculation method by cyclic tests of the precast columns. A real bridge pier was designed to investigate the seismic performance according to different level of effective prestress. Level of effective prestress showed obvious effect on crushing displacement but negligible effect on lateral displacement at fracture of tendons and reinforcements.

This research presents assessmental FRP plate, one of materials used for reinforcing damage of RC structure caused by deterioration. in order to investigate effective bonding length and bonding strength according to material property of epoxy used for bonding between FRP-Concrete, experimental tests for 3 specimens with each bonding length of 50,100,150,200and 250mm respectively are performed. test results indicate frat material property of epoxy can affect effective bonding length of FRP-Concrete.

본 연구에서는 개별요소해석 프로그램인 PFC3D를 이용하여 지오그리드와 재료입자 사이의 상관관계를 지오그리드 반복인장 시험 및 전단시험을 통해 확인 하고자 한다. 재료의 입도 유효입경 D50 (누과통과율 50%)을 기준으로 40mm, 30mm, 20mm, 15mm, 10mm 로 비교 하였고, 합성수지로 제작된 지오그리드 개별요소를 미시 물성치 보정을 통해 형성하였다. 반복인장에서는 변형률 0.5%를 최대 인장 변형률로 설정하여 반복인장을 500회 실시 하였으며, 전단 시험에서는 지오그리드 생성위치를 전단면으로 설정하였고 횡방향으로 변형률 10%까지 전단시켰다. 해석 결과 유효입경 20mm에서 가장 큰 보강효과를 확인 하였고, 40mm 및 30mm에서 보강효과가 감소되는 것을 확인하였다. 지오그리드의 격자 크기를 고려하였을 때, 재료의 유효입경의 크기는 격자의 내접원 직경의 60% 정도 확보 시 보강효과가 가장 좋은 것으로 확인하였다.

We developed a Amylose magnetic beads (AMBs) based detection system for high efficient separation, concentration and detection of E. coli O157:H7 in real sample. AMBs were synthesized by amylosucrase from Deinococcus geothermalis (DgAS) with iron-oxide nanoparticle (NP). The design of amylose magnetic beads (AMBs) have studied by an enzymatic synthesis with optimized reaction condition such as substrate, sucrose, and iron-oxide NP. AMBs have specific feature. AMBs decorated with functional fusion protein, which consists in a maltose binding protein (MBP) and a streptococcal protein G (SPG). Amylose chains has maltose, thus MBP-SPG binds to the AMB. In addition, SPG specifically binds to the Fc part of antibody. That was used as a linker to immobilize antibody to the surface of AMBs. The resulting AMBs were efficiently separated and concentrated target bacteria, E. coli O157:H7. Concentrated sample is qualitatively analyzed by PCR. Our studies demonstrated that AMB-based PCR significantly reduced the limitation of detection as low as 10 1 CFU/mL, compared to that of conventional PCR. The principle of this system can be served as a high efficiency for detection method of any pathogenic bacteria. In addition, AMBs and MBP-SPG cross-linker protein developed in this study is expected to be applicable to the portable food based biological processing monitoring system.

Various techniques have been developed to monitor insect behavior in the field. Harmonic radar tagging is a promising method of tracking target insects because it can allow efficient detection of the insects with negligible effects on their behavior or physiology. However, availability of the light limits the effectiveness of the method as it is almost impossible to spot an insect in the dark. On the other hand, fluorescent-marking, when combined with strong light source, makes the organisms distinct at night in a non-destructive manner. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment to determine the effectiveness of the combination of the two methods. Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) adults were marked with both harmonic radars and fluorescent paint. The marked insects were haphazardly arranged and pinned onto trees or the ground in the forest at night. Then, a group of paired researchers, one equipped with a harmonic radar and the other with a hand-held laser, attempted to find R. pedestris within 20 minutes. The detection rate showed a high variance ranging from 40% to 100%. Thus, with a proper training, harmonic radar system combined with fluorescent-marking can be a powerful technique to detect insects in the field. With these equipments, tracking insect behavior in the field will be more efficient in the dark.

Two Grapholita congener, G. molesta and G. dimorpha have difference in several biological characters such as flight time, emerging number/year, damage site, pupation site, and mating time although their host plants were similar. As a problem, cross-trapping was identified in each trap for monitoring. Effects on species-specific lure using minor sex pheromone components were observed in host plant orchards (apple, pear, peach, and plum) for continuative two years. Treatments of various ratios (0 to 10%) of Z8-12OH to G. molesta lure (Z8-12Ac/E8-12Ac = 95:5) allowed to increase the attraction of G. molesta, but not of G. dimorpha male. Other two minor components (14Ac and 12Ac) to G. dimorpha lure (Z8-12Ac/E8-12Ac = 85:15) were not showed species-specific responses. However, 10% treatment of Z8-14Ac to G. dimorpha lure was showed that G. molesta was decreased significantly although G. dimoprha was not affected. E8-14Ac treatment to new G. dimorpha lure (Z8-12Ac/E8-12Ac/Z8-14Ac = 85:15:10) not affected to attraction of two species. From these results, we suggest that optimum ratios for species-specific monitoring of G. molesta and G. dimorpha are Z8-12Ac/E8-12Ac/Z8-12OH = 95:55:5 and Z8-12Ac/E8-12Ac/Z8-14Ac = 85:15:10, respectively.

Currently many geriatric hospitals have been built in Korea because increasing aging rapidly. However the increasing geriatric hospitals make the increasing safety accidents. Therefore this study is conducted by survey and face-to-face talk with the fire safety managers for analyzing safety problem of geriatric hospitals which number is twelve among 15 geriatric hospitals in the north of Chung-buk area. The result of this study is that geriatric hospitals are very old. Fire safety managers holding the fire safety license are a level 2 issued by the Korea Fire Safety Association(KFSA). And the fire safety inspection ability of them is normal (58%). Furthermore a fire safety budget ratio is 83% (A little) in the company yearly budget. And ratio having the fire inspection equipment in the building is 42% (A little) and 33% (Nothing). Satisfaction ratio of their duty is 66% and they also get stress from heavy duty and heavy responsibility. In conclusion, CEO needs to invest and interest the improvement of job performance, satisfaction ratio and fire safety facility. Also government needs the improvement of system to support and supervise the fire safety of geriatric hospitals consistently.

This study was conducted by survey and inspection of stair passage leading lights in shopping buildings which are more than 5 stories and have an underground parking lot located at Pyeongtaek-si and Seongnam-si. Number of shopping building for this study is 30 and of stair passage leading light inspected by two lights in each shopping building is 60. The result of this study is that the type of installed leading lights is LED(77%), and 60% of leading lights has problem such as no cleaning, scratch and discoloration, etc. The height of installed leading lights meets the fire law which is less than 1m from the floor. Visible condition of leading lights is good except some leading lights which have a little visible problem due to banner advertisement. 37% of standby power has flickered and went out. 93% of total leading lights meets the fire law which is more than 1lux from 0.5m distance, but cold cathode fluorescent lamps(CCFLs) have the problem which not meets proper brightness level based on fire law. In additional measurement result, zero lux of leading lights is 32%(from 1m distance), 68%(from 1.5m distance) and 98%(from 2m distance). Leading light is very important facility because it is eyes and guide when emergency. Therefore, proper fire facility operating function inspection and total detailed inspection are important to keep the good condition of leading light except simple visual check, and also improvement in law system of type approval, fire construction inspection and illumination level will be needed.

Incremental sheet metal forming is a manufacturing process to produce thin parts using sheet metals by a series of small incremental deformation. The process rarely needs dedicated dies and molds, thus, preparation time for the process is relatively short as to be compared to conventional metal forming. Spring back in sheet metal working is very common, which causes critical errors in dimensions. Incremental sheet metal forming is not fully investigated yet. Hence, incremental sheet metal forming frequently produces inaccurate parts. This paper proposes a method to minimize dimensional errors to improve shape accuracy of products manufactured by incremental forming. This study conducts experiments using an exclusive incremental forming machine and the material for these experiments are sheets of aluminum AL1015. This research defines a process parameter and selects a few factors for the experiments. The parameters employed in this paper are tool feed rate, tool diameter, step depth, material thickness, forming method, dies applied, and tool path method. In addition, their levels for each factor are determined. The plan of the experiments is designed using orthogonal array L8 (27) which requires minimum number of experiments. Based on the measurements, dimensional errors are collected both on the tool contacted surfaces and on the non-contacted surfaces. The distances between the formed surfaces and the CAD models are scanned and recorded using a commercial software product. These collected data are statistically analyzed and ANOVAs (analysis of variances) are drawn up. From the ANOVAs, this paper concludes that the process parameters of tool diameter, forming depth, and forming method are the significant factors to reduce the errors on the tool contacted surface. On the other hand, the experimental factors of forming method and dies applied are the significant factors on the non-contacted surface. However, the negative forming method always produces better accuracy than the positive forming method.

A fire sprinkler system is very important to extinguish fire in the building. The sprinkler system initiates sprinkler discharge if the detection system identifies a developing fire and opens the pre-action valve. However, pre-action fire sprinkler systems mainly installed in the underground parking lot at the apartment complex do not properly operate at fire if the connection type of fire sprinkler systems does not properly installed and operated. This study identified the relationship between fire dispersion & damage and the connection type of water supply in the sprinkler system from many fire cases at the apartment complex in South Korea. In addition, this study also identified the water supply differences and characteristics between South Korea and foreign countries. The main purpose of this study is also to improve the water connection types in the sprinkler system that can reduce the potential failures of pre-action valve operation through electrical signal system. The study also suggests the improvement plan for water connection types in pre-action fire sprinkler system that can minimize potential failure of pre-action fire sprinkler system. The suggestions for revising the fire safe standard in South Korea includes letting the water supply pipe of sprinkler system water inlet connect to the second side of pre-action valve and the water flow device that can minimize potential failure of sprinkler system.

본 연구는 이주민선교를 효과적으로 수행하기 위한 하나의 방안으 로서 국가의 다문화교육 정책에 대한 기본적 이해가 필요함을 말하고 있다. 이에 다문화교육이란 무엇인지 먼저 간략히 정의하였고 다문화교 육의 대상을 제시하였다. 또한 정부가 지금까지 시행해 온 ‘외국인정책 기본계획’의 흐름 속에서 다문화교육 정책을 정리해 보았다. 특히 국가의 다문화교육 정책에서 이주민선교를 위한 적용 및 실천 방안은 없는지 살펴보았다. 이는 이주민선교가 교회 안에서만 수동적으로 이루어지는 데 그칠 것이 아니라, 이주민들이 모여 있는 삶의 현장으로 직접 들어가는 등의 역동적인 사역이 되어야 할 것임을 강조하였다. 이주민선교는 교육이라는 분야, 특히 다문화교육이라는 큰 틀 안에서 전문성을 가지고 대상자들을 만날 수 있어야 한다. 또한 기독교 세계관을 기반으로 제작한 우수한 다문화교육 콘텐츠와 프로그램 및 교재들을 개발하고 보급하는 일 또한 매우 중요하다. 더욱이 이주민선교를 위해 국가의 정책과 계획이 무엇인지 파악하고 활용할 수 있는 순발력도 필요하다. 즉 다문화 중점학교 교육 내용에서도 제시하고 있듯이 다문화이해교육, 문화간 이해 및 소통, 문화다양성, 반편견 및 반차별, 세계시민의식의 주제를 다룸은 물론, 한국어교육, 상담, 멘토링, 문화체험교실, 인권, 평등사상, 성품교육 등 다양한 주제에 대한 전문가들을 배출하여 학생들과 교사들, 학부모들을 만날 수 있도 록 다문화교육의 장을 계속해서 준비하고 열어나가야 할 것이다