Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) consist of a polymeric matrix and a conductive fil-er, for example, carbon black, carbon fibers,graphite or carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The criti-cal amount of the electrically conductive fillernecessary to build up a continuous conductive network, and accordingly, to make the material conductive; is referred to as the percolation threshold. From technical and economical viewpoints, it is desirable to decrease the conduc-tive-fillerpercolation-threshold as much as possible. In this study, we investigated the effect of polymer/conductive-fillerinteractions, as well as the processing and morphological devel-opment of low-percolation-threshold (Φc) conductive-polymer composites. The aim of the study was to produce conductive composites containing less multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) than required for pure polypropylene (PP) through two approaches: one using various mix-ing methods and the other using immiscible polymer blends. Variants of the conductive PP composite filledwith MWCNT was prepared by dry mixing, melt mixing, mechanofusion, and compression molding. The percolation threshold (Φc) of the MWCNT-PP composites was most successfully lowered using the mechanofusion process than with any other mixing method (2-5 wt%). The mechanofusion process was found to enhance formation of a perco-lation network structure, and to ensure a more uniform state of dispersion in the CPCs. The immiscible-polymer blends were prepared by melt mixing (internal mixer) poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVD, PP/PVDF, volume ratio 1:1) filled with MWCN.

In this study, material characteristics of glass fiber composite were evaluated by experiment. Tensile, compression and in-plane shear test were performed as test method of ASTM. Velocity of Tensile and compression test was 2mm/min and in-plane shear test was 4mm/min. At the test result, elastic modulus of tensile and compressive were similar. Maximum compressive strength and maximum compressive strain were smaller than the maximum tensile strength and maximum tensile strain.

This study analyzes performance-cost ratio of composite(GFRP) wind-towers by fiber reinforcement angle and determines their optimal fiber angle. The finite element models for composite structures using the ANSYS program described in this paper is attractive not only because it shows excellent accuracy in analysis but also it shows the effect of the geometrical combination. New results reported in this paper are focused on the significant effects of the cost for various parameters, such as thicknesses of outer shells and stiffeners. From the numerical examples, optimal fiber angles were determined as 80°∼90°.

In order to clarify the effect of Nb addition on the ductile-brittle transition property of sintered TiC, TiC-10 mol% Nb composites were researched using a three-point bending test at temperatures from room temperature to 2020 K, and the fracture surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the Nb addition decreases the ductile-brittle transition temperature of sintered TiC by 300 K and increases the ductility. The room temperature bending strength was maintained at up to 1800 K, but drastically dropped at higher temperatures in pure TiC. The strength increased moderately to a value of 320MPa at 1600 K in TiC-10 mol% Nb composites, which is 40% of the room temperature strength. Pores were observed in both the grains and the grain boundaries. It can be seen that, as Nb was added, the size of the grain decreased. The ductile-brittle transition temperature in TiC-10 mol% Nb composites was determined to be 1550 K. Above 1970 K, yieldpoint behavior was observed. When the grain boundary and cleavage strengths exceed the yield strength, plastic deformation is observed at about the same stress level in bending as in compression. The effect of Nb addition is discussed from the viewpoint of ability for plastic deformation.

본 연구에서는 탄소나노튜브와 폴리프로필렌 기지 간 계면결합력과 나노튜브의 국부적 응집에 따른 나노복합재의 탄소성거동 변화에 대한 파라메트릭 연구를 수행한다. 나노복합재의 탄소성 거동 예측을 위해 분자동역학 전산모사를 수행하고, 분자동역학 결과와 Mori-Tanaka 모델을 적용한 비선형 미시역학 모델을 연계하여 나노복합재 내 흡착계면의 탄소성 거동을 역으로 도출하는 2단계 영역분할 기법을 적용하였다. 미시역학 모델에서는 시컨트 계수방법을 Mori-Tanaka 모델에 적용하여 나노복합재의 비선형 거동을 예측하는 방법을 적용하였으며, 나노튜브와 기지 간 재료계면의 불완전 결합을 고려하기 위해 변위 불연속 조건을 적용하였다. 흡착영역을 고려한 미시역학 모델을 통해 흡착계면의 유무 및 재료계면 결합력 변화 그리고 나노튜브의 국부적 응집현상에 따른 나노복합재의 응력-변형률 관계를 예측하였다. 그 결과 나노튜브의 국부적 응집이나노복합재의 강화효과를 저하시키는 가장 중요한 변수임을 확인하였다.

In this study, poly(amic acid) was prepared via a polycondensation reaction of 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidine and pyromellitic dianhydride in an N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution; reduced graphene oxide/polybenzoxazole (r-GO/PBO) composite films, which significantly increased the electrical conductivity, were successfully fabricated. GO was prepared from graphite using Brodie's method. The GO was used as nanofillers for the preparation of r-GO/PBO composites through an in situ polymerization. The addition of 50 wt% GO led to a significant increase in the electrical conductivity of the composite films by more than sixteen orders of magnitude compared with that of pure PBO films as a result of the electrical percolation networks in the r-GO during the thermal treatment at various temperatures within the films.

This paper investigates the effect of prolonged high temperature exposure on concentric laminated Al2O3-ZrO2 composites. An ultrafine scale microstructure with a cellular 7 layer concentric lamination with unidirectional alignment was fabricated by a multi-pass extrusion method. Each laminate in the microstructure was 2-3μm thick. An alternate lamina was composed of 75%Al2O3-(25%m-ZrO2) and t-ZrO2 ceramics. The composite was sintered at 1500˚C and subjected to 1450˚C temperature for 24 hours to 72 hours. We investigated the effect of long time high temperature exposure on the generation of residual stress and grain growth and their effect on the overall stability of the composites. The residual stress development and its subsequent effect on the microstructure with the edge cracking behavior mechanism were investigated. The residual stress in the concentric laminated microstructure causes extensive micro cracks in the t-ZrO2 layer, despite the very thin laminate thickness. The material properties like Vickers hardness and fracture toughness were measured and evaluated along with the microstructure of the composites with prolonged high temperature exposure.

It has been demonstrated in a previous study that carbon nanotube (CNT)/epoxy/basalt composites produce better flexural properties than epoxy/basalt composites. In this study, mode I fracture tests were conducted using CNT/epoxy/basalt composites with and without seawater absorption in order to investigate the effect of the seawater absorption on the mode I fracture toughness (GIC) of the CNT/epoxy/basalt composites. The results demonstrated that the compliance of the seawater-absorbed specimen was larger than that of the dry specimen at the same crack length, while the opposite result was obtained for the fracture load. The GIC value of the seawater-absorbed CNT/epoxy/basalt composites was approximately 20% lower than that of the dry CNT/epoxy/basalt composites.

The conductive polymer composites recently became increasingly to many fields of industry due to their electrical properties. To understand these properties of composites, electrical properties were measured and were studied relatively. Electrical conductivity measurements showed percolation phenomena. Percolation theories are frequently applied to describe the insulator-to-conductor transitions in composites made of a conductive filler and an insulating matrix. It has been showed both experimentally and theoretically that the percolation threshold strongly depends on the aspect ratio of filler particles. The critical concentration of percolation formed is defined as the percolation threshold. This paper was to study epoxy resin filled with copper. The experiment was made with vehicle such as epoxy resin replenished with copper powder and the study about their practical use was performed in order to apply to electric and electronic industry as well as general field. The volume specific resistance of epoxy resin composites was 3.065~13.325 in using copper powder. The weight loss of conductive composites happened from 350℃~470℃.

Ti₂AlN composites are a laminated compounds that posses unique combination of typical ceramic proper- ties and typical metallic(Ti alloy) properties. In this paper, the powder synthesis, SPS sintering, composite characteristics and machinability evaluation were systematically conducted. The random orientation characteristics and good crystalli- zation of the Ti2AlN phase are observed. The electrical and thermal conductivity of Ti2AlN is higher than that of Ti6242 alloy. A machining test was carried out to compare the effect of material properties on micro electrical discharge drilling for Ti2AlN composite and Ti6242 alloy. Also, mixture table as a kind of tables of orthogonal arrays was used to know how parameter is main effective at experimental design. Consequently, hybrid Ti2AlN ceramic composites showed good machining time and electrode wear shape under micro ED-drilling process. This conclusion proves the feasibility in the industrial applications.

To improve coating ability and the life of the coating, Ti based composite materials with hydroxyapatite(HA) should be developed. The raw materials of Ti-26wt%, Nb-1wt%, and Si with 10wt% HA were mixed for 24 h by a mixing machine and milled for 1 h to 6 h by planetary mechanical ball milling. Ti-26%Nb-1%Si-(10%HA) composites, composed of nontoxic elements, were fabricated successfully by spark plasma sintering(SPS) at 1000˚C under 70MPa. The relative density of the sintered Ti-Nb-Si-HA composites using the 24 h mixed powder, and the 6 h milled powder, was 91% and 97 %, respectively. The effects of HA contents and milling time on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated by SEM and hardness tester, respectively. The Vickers hardness of the composites increased with increasing milling time and higher HA content. The Young's modulus of the sintered Ti-26%Nb-1%Si-10%HA composite using the 6 h-milled powder was 55.6 GPa, as obtained by compression test. Corrosion resistance of the Ti-26wt%Nb-1wt%Si composite was increased by milling and by the addition of 10wt%HA. Wear resistance was improved with increasing milling time. Biocompatibility of the Ti-Nb-Si alloys was improved by the addition of HA.

Carbon fibers (CFs) have high service temperature, strength, and stiffness, and low weight. They are widely used as reinforcing materials in advanced polymer composites. The role of the polymer matrix in the composites is to provide bulk to the composite laminate and transfer load between the fibers. The interface between the CF and the resin matrix plays a critical role in controlling the overall properties of the composites. This paper aims to review the synthesis, properties, and applications of polymer matrices, such as thermosetting and thermoplastic resins.

부영양호 신갈지의 수질개선을 위하여 이미 개발된 천 연물질 혼합제(PMC)의 수질개선능(WQI)에 수온변화가 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 현장실험을 실시하였다. 실험결 과 식물플랑크톤, BOD, 총인 등은 20􀆆C 이하에서는 70% WQI 이상을 보였으나 25􀆆C 이상에서는 40% WQI 이하로 오히려 감소하였다. 한편 수온의 증가에 따라 남조류에 대해서는 WQI는 감소하였고, 규조류는 수온변화에 상관 없이 90% 이상 높은 WQI를 나타냈으며, 박테리아와 총 질소는 수온과 상관없이 매우 낮은 WQI를 보였다. 이상 의 결과들은 PMC의 수질개선능이 수온과 밀접한 관계를 가지며, 25􀆆C 이상의 고온기에 Microcystis aeruginosa가 우점하는 남조대발생보다 겨울철 저온기에 우점하는 규 조류에 더 효과적일 것으로 판단되었다.

Magnetic and dielectric properties of rubber composites are controlled by using two kinds of high-permeability metal particles with different electrical conductivity (Sendust, Permalloy), and their effect on microwave absorbance has been investigated, focusing on the quasi-microwave frequency band (0.8-2 GHz). Noise absorbing sheets are composite materials of magnetic flake particles of high aspect ratio dispersed in polymer matrix with various filler amount of 80-90 wt.%. The frequency dispersion and magnitude of complex permeability is almost the same for Sendust and Permalloy composite specimens. However, the complex permittivity of the Permalloy composite (, ) is much greater than that of Sendust composite (, ). Due to the large dielectric permittivity of Permalloy composite, the absorbing band is shifted to lower frequency region. However, the investigation of impedance matching reveals that the magnetic permeability is still small to satisfy the zero-reflected condition at the quasi-microwave frequency band, resulting in a small microwave absorbance lower than 10 dB.

The mechanical properties and microstructures of aluminum-matrix composites fabricated by the dispersion of fine alumina particles less than 20μm in size into 6061 aluminum alloys are investigated in this study. In the as-quenched state, the yield stress of the composite is 40~85 MPa higher than that of the 6061 alloy. This difference is attributed to the high density of dislocations within the matrix introduced due to the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients between the matrix and the reinforcement. The difference in the yield stress between the composite and the 6061 alloy decreases with the aging time and the age-hardening curves of both materials show a similar trend. At room temperature, the strain-hardening rate of the composite is higher than that of the 6061 alloy, most likely because the distribution of reinforcements enhances the dislocation density during deformation. Both the yield stress and the strain-hardening rate of the T6-treated composite decrease as the testing temperature increases, and the rate of decrease is faster in the composite than in the 6061 alloy. Under creep conditions, the stress exponents of the T6-treated composite vary from 8.3 at 473 K to 4.8 at 623 K. These exponents are larger than those of the 6061 matrix alloy.

In this work, the effect of catalysts on the mechanical properties of carbon fibers-reinforced epoxy matrix composites cured by cationic latent thermal catalysts, i.e., N-benzylpyrazinium hexafluoroantimonate (BPH) was studied. Differential scanning calorimetry was executed for thermal characterization of the epoxy matrix system. Mechanical interfacial properties of the composites were studied by interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), critical stress intensity factor (KIC), and specific fracture energy (GIC). As a result, the conversion of neat epoxy matrix cured by BPH was higher than that of one cured by diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM). The ILSS, KIC, GIC, and impact strength of the composites cured by BPH were also superior to those of the composites cured by DDM. This was probably the consequence of the effect of the substituted benzene group of BPH catalyst, resulting in an increase in the cross-link density and structural stability of the composites studied.

In this study, polyaniline (PANI)/graphene nanosheet (GNS) composites were synthesized through chemical oxidation polymerization by changing the weight ratio of aniline mono-mers. To examine the morphological structure of the composites, scanning electron micros-copy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were conducted. TEM results revealed that fibril-likePANI with a diameter of 50 nm was homogeneously coated on the surface of the GNS. The electrochemical properties of the composites were studied by cyclic voltam-metry in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. Among the prepared samples, the PANI/GNS (having 40 wt% aniline content) showed the highest specificcapacitance, 528 Fg-1, at 10 mVs-1. The im-proved performance was attributed to the GNS, which provides a large number of active sites and good electrical conductivity. The resulting composites are promising electrode materials for high capacitative supercapacitors.