To stay ahead in today’s competitive landscape service firms must continually innovate their offerings and processes (Thakur and Hale 2013). Spurred by this focus on innovation, there has been a tremendous growth in service firms over the past decade. Service innovation has been recognized as the engine of renewal and reason for the growth of the services sector. Although the concept service innovation is gaining increased attention, the question of what a service innovation really is remains unanswered. Traditionally, research on service innovation has separated radical and incremental innovations (see e.g. Gallouj and Weinstein, 1997), and product and process innovations (Vaux Halliday and Trott, 2010). This suggests that there are different conceptualizations that can be used to categorize service innovation. The basis of this research is a literature review. This systematic literature review is based on 879 empirical and conceptual articles used in order to identify conceptualizations of categories of service innovation. In total, 43 categories of service innovation were identified. These conceptualizations were analyzed to show what the benefits and drawbacks are with the different categories. We identify five unique conceptualizations of categories that emphasize different traits of service innovation (1) degree of change in the offering, (2) type of change in the content of the offering, (3) degree of newness in the offering, (4) type of change in the organization and (5) alternative means to an innovative offering. Our review of categories of service innovation provides evidence that the research field is diverse and moving in a number of alternative directions The results indicate that most conceptualizations of service innovation are in-ward focus and views innovations as something that is (only) new to the firm. In addition, the view that service innovations must have an effect is neglected, both in terms of effect on customer behavior and financial performance. Furthermore, this review shows that a service innovation can be anything from an improvement of a single service characteristic to the introduction of an offering that is new to the world. By showing the plethora of conceptualizations of service innovation it is possible to create a common platform to discuss and develop service innovations beneficial for the firm.

This study examined the impact on a firm’s product innovation success when it expands internationally into a host country with political, economic and cultural institutions different from those it is accustomed to at home. Data on 917 Chinese manufacturing firms’ international activities were analyzed to demonstrate that expansion to countries with political institutions better developed than those of a firm’s home country promotes innovation success, as does expansion to countries characterized by greater individualism than the home country. A more advanced economy in the host country strengthens these relationships. This study was designed to contribute to the extant literature in three areas. First, it was designed to enrich the theory explaining how the institutional environment affects firm performance in an emerging economy. Most previous studies have examined the relationship between the institutional environment and the probability of organizational survival or financial performance (e.g., Xu & Shenkar, 2002; Gaur & Lu, 2007), but this study instead examined the institutional environment and product innovation. Product innovation is, after all, a primary way in which many firms compete and grow (Eisenhardt & Tabrizi, 1995; Wu, 2012). Second, previous research has not clearly identified how different components of the institutional environment individually relate to product innovation success, nor have previous studies sufficiently explored their interactions. This study was designed to fill that gap by integrating the literature on new institutional economics, product innovation and the international expansion of emerging market firms. It sought to derive and test propositions explaining how political institutions and cultural norms relate to product innovation success, and to what extent the relationships depend on economic development. Then, this study extended previous research on the institutional environment to an emerging market context. Evidence clarifying the relationships between different components of the institutional environment and the innovation performance of emerging market firms would be relevant for designing effective and efficient international expansion strategies for emerging market firms. These findings therefore enrich our understanding of the impact of the institutional environment by showing its multifaceted influence on product innovation. Previous research has highlighted the important role of institutional differences between the home and foreign countries in strategic decision making and performance (e.g., Kostova & Zaheer, 1999; Xu & Shenkar, 2002). This study has extended that by clearly demonstrating the importance of differences in political institutions and individualism with respect to innovation performance. This is consistent with the idea that expanding to foreign countries with better-developed political institutions helps a firm avoid the institutional void and political hazards at home and gain access to better-functioning institutions in the host country, which can promote successful product innovation. Individualism in a host country drives a firm to experiment with new technologies and develop new products to satisfy diverse customer needs.

This paper analyses the importance of innovation for 680 EU multinationals subsidiaries involved in international marketing in China, the period of 1998-2009, using unbalanced panel data analysis. To date, the literature on EU subsidiaries has failed to consider product innovation in the strategy interplay in approaching new markets overseas. Building on the resource-based view of the firm, linked with host economic and political institutions, the authors empirically examine the inferential marketing strategy in an EU-China context, by applying econometric techniques to investigate innovation capabilities and to test the presence of agglomeration effect of past innovation activities. We find that EU innovation in China is influenced by both host country institutions and firm capabilities, rendering support to the theory. Our analysis indicates EU subsidiaries’ innovation is positively related to firm advertisement, labour training and host market size. R&D expenditure has a negative bearing on innovation. However, openness has a negative and significant effect on product innovation in China. The study findings have important implications for research on international marketing, new venture decision making, and overseas innovation expansion strategies.

This paper examines how learning orientation and self-efficacy contributed to explaining innovation behaviors. In order to verify the relationships and mediating effect, data were collected from 368 individuals in employees working in small and medium-sized firms at Gyeongnam region to test theoretical model and its hypotheses. All data collected from the survey were analyzed using with SPSS 18.0. This study reports findings as follows: first, the relationship between the learning orientation and the employee's self-efficacy is positively related. Second, there was also a positive correlation between the employee's self-efficacy and the innovation behaviors. Third, the relationship between the learning orientation and the innovation behaviors is positively related. Finally, the employee's self-efficacy played as a partial mediator on the relationship between learning orientation and innovation behaviors. Based on these findings, the implications and the limitations of the study were presented including some directions for future studies.

With the radical changes and advancements of industrial economy, it is required to secure product competitiveness through technological innovations to overcome uncertain environments and generate a driving force for sustainable growth. So the Korea government introduced the superior product selection system in 1996 and has granted such incentives as priority purchasing and contracts the products of SME whose technological capabilities have passed the screening criteria. After analyzing the ambiguity of the evaluation procurement used in designation of excellent product, this study proposed seven detailed indexes for evaluation.

The Purpose of this study is to empirically examine the impact of various internal and external innovation activities of SMEs on their innovation performances in the field of electronics and communication industry. Drawing upon the literature review, internal and external innovation activities are defined and conceptualized, and independent, dependent and moderator variables are developed. We have used survey-based data for this study from the survey of technology innovation activities in manufacturing industry, which was conducted by the Science and Technology Policy Institute (STEPI) in 2010. The main result of this study shows that there were no significant differences in the impact of innovation activities on market performance according to the size of SMEs. On the other hands, we found that there were significant differences in the impact of innovation activities on technological innovation performance according to the size of SMEs. Therefore, in order to make high technological innovation performance, companies in the field of electronics and communication industry need to properly implement the internal and external innovation activities by considering their size.

This paper reviewed the relationship among CEO’s entrepreneurship/risktaking, innovation resistance and innovation performance, and the mediating effect of innovation resistance between CEO’s entrepreneurship/ risktaking and innovation performance. Based on the responses from 219 companies, the results of multiple regression analysis appeared as follow; 1) CEO’s entrepreneurship and risktaking effect negatively on innovation resistance. 2) innovation resistance negatively on innovation performance(process innovation, organization innovation). 3) innovation resistance mediates partly between CEO’s entrepreneurship/ risktaking and innovation performance.

The objective of the present study is to analyze the relationship of suppliers and customer participation in product development process and effects of such participation on product innovation since it is getting more and more weight in manufacturing companies. It is also aimed in this study to explore if business performance of manufacturing companies might be affected by the suppliers participation as well as product innovation that is realizable by such participation. From the analysis, following conclusions could be drawn: First, suppliers participation in manufacturing companies turned out to have influence upon product innovation (standardized coefficient=0.193, C.R=3.510), implying that nothing is more important than the role of suppliers who have intention to realize innovation through participation in manufacturing companies. Second, the analysis showed that customer participation exercised impact upon product innovation of manufacturing companies (standardized coefficient=0.686, C.R=6.433), suggesting that the more customer participate in product development process of manufacturing companies, the more manufacturing companies could sharpen their competitiveness. Third, it was made known from the analysis that the product innovation thanks to suppliers and customer participation in manufacturing companies could have influence upon their business performance (standardized coefficient=0.762, C.R=7.666), signifying that the product innovation of manufacturing companies might depend on the participation of suppliers and manufacturers and, in turn, could affect their own business performance.

This research discusses the characteristics and the implementation strategies for two types of quality metrics to analyze innovation effects in six sigma projects: fixed specification type and moving specification type. Zst, Ppk are quality metrics of fixed specification type that are influenced by predetermined specification. In contrast, the quality metrics of moving specification type such as Strictly Standardized Mean Difference(SSMD), Z-Score, F-Statistic and t-Statistic are independent from predetermined specification. Zst sigma level obtains defective rates of Parts Per Million(PPM) and Defects Per Million Opportunities(DPMO). However, the defective rates between different industrial sectors are incomparable due to their own technological inherence. In order to explore relative method to compare defective rates between different industrial sectors, the ratio of specification and natural tolerance called, Ppk, is used. The drawback of this Ppk metric is that it is highly dependent on the specification. The metrics of F-Statistic and t-Statistic identify innovation effect by comparing before-and-after of accuracy and precision. These statistics are not affected by specification, but affected by type of statistical distribution models and sample size. Hence, statistical significance determined by above two statistics cannot give a same conclusion as practical significance. In conclusion, SSMD and Z-Score are the best quality metrics that are uninfluenced by fixed specification, theoretical distribution model and arbitrary sample size. Those metrics also identify the innovation effects for before-and-after of accuracy and precision. It is beneficial to use SSMD and Z-Score methods along with popular methods of Zst sigma level and Ppk that are commonly employed in six sigma projects. The case studies from national six sigma contest from 2011 to 2012 are proposed and analyzed to provide the guidelines for the usage of quality metrics for quality practitioners.

본 연구는 기업의 혁신전략이 특허생산 및 기업의 기술변화와 신제품개발에 미치는 영향을 분석함으로써 기업의 기술성과를 증대시키는 데 필요한 혁신전략을 도출하고자 하였다. 사용자료는 한국직업능력개발원의 「인적자본기업패널조사」(HCCP)의 1~4차년도 자료와 한국신용평가원의 기업재무자료, 특허청의 기업별 특허출원자료를 결합한 자료이다. 특허생산함수는 영과잉음이항회귀모형(ZINB)을 사용하여 추정하였다. 기업의 기술성과 결정요인은 특허의 내생성을 고려하여 2단계 추정방법을 사용하였고, 2단계 회귀식은 순위로짓모형을 사용하였다. 분석결과, 기업의 혁신전략이 특허생산 및 기업의 기술변화와 신제품개발에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 첫째, 특허생산에서는 기업의 연구개발투자와 인적자원이 중요한 투입요소로 나타났다. R&D집약도가 높을수록 특허생산이 활발하게 이루어지되 한계생산은 체감하였고, 기업이 보유하고 있는 특허스톡이 많을수록 신규특허의 생산이 활발하였다. 기업의 인적자원수준이 높고 인적자원투자가 많을수록 특허생산이 활발하였고, 기업이 시장선도전략이나 빠른 추종자전략을 추구할 때 안정형 전략을 구사하는 기업에 비해 특허생산이 많았다. 둘째, 기업의 기술성과 결정요인으로는 인적자원의 역할이 중요하였고, R&D집약도는 대기업의 신제품개발에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 시장선도전략이나 빠른 추종자전략을 택한 기업의 기술성과가 안정형 전략의 기업보다 높았다. 특허생산이 활발한 기업일수록 기술성과가 높으나, 이는 상당부분 특허의 내생성에 기인한다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 특허의 생산뿐 아니라 특허와 신제품개발과 같은 기술성과와의 연계성을 높이는 전략이 필요하며, 기업특성에 따른 차별화 전략이 필요하다는 것을 시사한다.

본 연구는 기업의 제품혁신 과정에서 기술협력 활동과 전유성의 확보가 제품혁신성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 추가적으로 협력활동과 전유성의 상호작용 효과 (전유성의 조절효과)에 대하여 분석하였다. 과학기술연구원에서 조사한 2010년 한국 제조업의 기술혁신조사 자료를 이용한 실증분석 결과 고객과의 협력활동과 계열사와의 협력활동이 제품혁신에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 전유성의 그 자체로 제품혁신에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 뿐만 아니라 고객과의 협력활동이 제품혁신에 주는 긍정적인 영향을 배가시키는, 다시 말해 제품혁신에서 전유성의 중요성이 확인되었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 제품혁신 성과를 높이기 위한 전략적 시사점을 도출하였다. 제품혁신에서는 기술협력활동뿐만 아니라 전유성의 확보가 혁신성과를 결정하는 중요한 요인이기에 기업에서는 기술협력활동의 활성화 및 기술의 전유성 확보에 힘써야 할 것이며 이러한 전유성의 확보를 위한 기술보호 수단의 전략적 활용에 대한 통찰이 필요하다.

국제 마케팅 분야에서 제품 전략과 수출 성과의 관계에 관한 연구가 활발히 이루어져 왔다. 이러한 제품 전략과 수출 성과의 관계는 기존 역량의 활용뿐만 아니라 지속적인 혁신활동이 뒷받침되어야 한다. 이에 본 연구는 자원기반이론 관점에서 제품 전략이 수출 성과에 미치는 영향에 관해 살펴보고자 하였으며, 나아가 조직학습관점에서 혁신 역량이 제품 전략과 수출 성과의 관계에 미치는 조절효과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 한국 수출업체를 대상으로 한 설문조사를 바탕으로 실증분석을 실시한 결과, 제품 품질 전략과 제품 혁신 전략이 수출 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 활용적 혁신 역량이 제품 품질 전략과 수출 성과의 긍정적인 관계를 강화하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 제품 전략과 혁신 역량 간 적합성을 통해 제품 전략이 수출 성과에 미치는 긍정적인 효과를 높일 수 있음을 시사하며, 향후 이와 관련한 선행요인 및 결과요인에 관한 추가적인 연구가 활발하게 이루어질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This paper reviewed the mediating effects of knowledge sharing between social capital(interaction, trust, shared vision) and innovation(radical innovation, incremental innovation) in small businesses. Based on the responses from 337 responses, the results of mediating effect analysis and path analysis showed that interaction and shared vision effect positively on radical innovation and incremental innovation via knowledge sharing or directly, but trust effects positively only on incremental innovation. Social capital and knowledge sharing have more effects on incremental innovation than on radical innovation.

The purpose of this study is to figure out the impacts of technological innovation and cost management on productivity in small shipping industries to come up with developmental implications. To achieve this, a survey was carried out to 150 workers in small shipbuilding industries through April 2 to April 20, 2012. As for findings stated above, technological innovation and cost management in the Korean small shipbuilding industries were key factors that elevate financial and non-financial productivity. In the light of low technological prowess and cost structure of small shipbuilding industries, their productivity can be improved when intensive cost management with production factor technology as know-how is realized through quality management, which product development technology is the top priority as an independent niche strategy. Consequently, the combination of infrastructures in small shipbuilding industries with continuous efforts for cost reduction by the link to the systematized structure can't only secure their independent competitiveness, but raise their productivity.

본 연구는 변형되거나 재창조된 콘텐츠인 매쉬업 콘텐츠를 중심으로 제작자의 수용자 능동성 혹은 개혁성을 탐색하고 수용자 인식을 조사하고 확산 과정을 점검하고자 하였다. 검토결과 매쉬업 콘텐츠 제작자는 주도적으로 콘텐츠를 선택하고 , 필요에 따라 유용하며 , 적극적으로 공유하고 선호하는 콘텐츠를 완고하게 받아들이고 있었다. 또한 이들은 개혁적인 성향으로 주도적으로 콘텐츠를 만드는 실천적 활동을 하고 있었다. 매쉬업 콘텐츠에 대한 수용자 인식을 살펴보면 , 기술적 매쉬업 수준은 대체로 높다고 생각하였으며 편집 이음새 , 영상 결합의 통일성 , 원본 영상의 보전에서 품질이 좋았다고 평가하였다 . 스토리 매쉬업 부분에서 영상 발췌, 캐릭터 선정, 스토리 구조 부분에서 좋은 평가를 하였고 재미의 부분에서는 몰입도가 높고 편집 기술에 호 기심이 생겼다고 답하였다 . 마지막으로 영상 매쉬업 수준에서는 스토리 전개를 결정짓 는 요소가 내용 그 자체도 있지만, 영상의 배경이나 색감, 배경음악 등이 스토리의 전 개의 연결성을 보완한다고 답변하였다 . 또한, 영상콘텐츠의 확산 방법은 ‘직접 업로드 ’, ‘구독하기 ’,‘좋아요 ’,‘공유’‘포스팅' 등으로 나타났다 . 이러한 결과의 함의를 살펴보면 , 매 쉬업 콘텐츠는 이용자 주도적 편집 교육의 방안으로 활용될 수 있으며 자기 주도적 확산은 콘텐츠 유통의 전략 방안으로 모색되어야 할 것이다.

오늘날 기업들은 환경의 동태성이 증가되면서 기업이 지속적인 경쟁우위를 유지하기 위해서는 환경특성의 변화에 적절하게 대응할 수 있는 경영혁신이 수반되어야 한다. 특히, 급변하는 시장 환경의 변화로 인하여 경영성과를 창출하기 위해서는 경영환경, 경쟁전략, 조직문화에 의한 인과관계를 분석할 필요성이 대두되었다. 식품산업도 예외는 아니어서 급변하는 경영환경에 능동적으로 대응하기 위해 노력하고 있다. 특히, 식품업계에서는 식품의 안전과 위생에 대한 관심은 생활수

This study designed a “Diagnostic Model for Management Innovation of Medium Enterprises” based on the theoretical background of success factor and management diagnosis model for management innovation of medium enterprises and suggested a measure for utilization of strategic subject and diagnostic model that enterprises can apply. Utilization of medium enterprises management innovation diagnostic model designed through this study would be of help for making a diagnosis of the capability maturity level of enterprises’ current management system and improving it by establishing a challenging capability objective and building a circulation system capable of innovating enterprises. It is expected for enterprises to overcome growing pains and establish a management system capable of achieving outcome (productivity) by repeating measurement and innovation through management diagnosis. In addition, this study provides a method to produce a strategic subject, select priority of implementation and prepare an implementation road map by classifying and filtering management issues produced as a result of management diagnosis in a systematic way. If variables necessary for production of an objective weighted value of scoring and discover of elements for category of diagnostic model and elementary items as well as design of a self-diagnosis questionnaire, measurement of management outcome suggested in this study can be able to be verified and supplemented through case study in the future, it is expected to make the degree of completion as a diagnostic model elevated that may help for growth and development through innovation of medium enterprises.

This paper reviewed the relationship between innovation(organization innovation, personnel innovation, product innovation, process innovation) and firm performance in small business. Based on the responses from 218 firms, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that personnel innovation, product innovation, and process innovation effect positively on all firm performance(sales, profit, market share, customer satisfaction), and organization innovation effects positively only on market share and customer satisfaction. The results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that technical innovation(product innovation, process innovation) effects more positively on sales, profit and customer satisfaction than administrative innovation(organization innovation, personnel innovation).

This paper reviewed the relationship between social capital(interaction, trust, shared vision) and innovation(product innovation, process innovation), and the moderating effect of CEO's entrepreneurship in small businesses of Convergence Federation. Based on the responses from 252 responses, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that interaction and shared vision effect positively on product innovation and process innovation, but trust effects positively only on process innovation. The results of moderating analysis showed that entrepreneurship effects positively on the relationship between trust and product innovation, and the relationship between shared vision and process innovation.

The purpose of this study is to introduce the limit of previously used six sigma quality process evaluation metrics, Zst and Ppk, and a solution to overcome this drawback by using a metric based on performance evaluation of Z-factor quality innovation. Case analysis on projects from national six sigma contest from 2011 to 2012 is performed and literature review on new drug development HTS (High Throughput Screening) is used to propose innovative performance evaluation metrics. This research shows that experimental study on six sigma evaluation metric, Zst and Ppk, have no significance difference between industrial type (Manufacturing, Semi-Public Institute, Public Institute) and CTQ type (Product Technology Type CTQ, Process Technology Type CTQ). Following discovery characterize this quality improvement as fixed target type project. As newly developed moving target type of quality innovation performance metric Z-Factor is used for evaluating experimental study, hypothetical analysis suggests that Zst and Ppk share different relationship or even show reciprocal relationship. Constraints of the study are relatively small sample size of only 37 projects from past 2 years and conflict on having interview and communication with six sigma quality practitioner for qualitative experimental study. Both moving target type six sigma innovation project and fixed target type improvement project or quality circle enables efficient ways for a better understanding and quality practitioner use by applying quality innovation performance metric. Downside of fixed target type quality performance evaluation metric, Zst and Ppk, is presented through experimental study. In contrast, advantage of this study is that high throughput requiring product technology, process technology and quantum leap typed innovation effect is evaluated based on precision and accuracy and Z-Factor that enables relative comparison between enterprises is proposed and implemented.