Purpose: The research was to investigate the effect of line dance programs on oxygen saturation level and happiness of elderlies. Methods: Researchers had conducted a series of test to measure peripheral blood vessel oxygen saturation level, pulse and happiness level of 47 elderlies from the D district of G city. Collected data were analyzed with -test and independent t-test, equipped with SPSS WIN 17.0. Results: As a result of serial tests, Pre-test and Post-test of line dance performance showed that oxygen saturation of the Experimental group had significant increase following the program and happiness of the Experimental group also had significant increase following the program. Conclusion: In conclusion, with many advantages such as its easiness to access and emulate as well as its ubiquitousness as an aerobic exercise, line dance cannot only be very beneficial to cardiovascular function and relation of elderlies, but also to emotional and psychological effect, considered as a great breakthrough to improve comprehensive well-being in both physical and mental aspects.

CH4와 H2의 혼합가스에 미량의 질소와 산소를 첨가하여 rf-플라즈마 CVD법으로 DLC막을 합성하였다. 이 때 챔버내 압력은 430mtorr, 기판에 인가된 전력은 80W였으며, H2와 CH4의 비율은 1:1이었다. 이 시편들에 대해 가시광선 영역과 자외선 영역에서의 투과도를 비교하였으며, 결합구조의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 FTIR 분석을 실시하였다. 질소의 경우 첨가량이 6.3%에서 17.4%으로 증가됨에 따라 전체적인 투과도값이 증가하였으며, FRIR 분석결과 wavenumber 3500 cm-1 /의 위치에 N-H stretching band가 나타나고 2300cm-1 /에는 nitrile의 피크가 나타났다. 이 피크들의 존재는 질소의 첨가에 의하여 interlink를 감소시킴으로써 막의 잔류응력을 현저히 감소시킬 수 있음을 의미한다. 2% O2를 첨가한 경우 막의 투과도는 질소를 첨가한 경우보다 월등히 더 향상되었다. 질소첨가량을 증가시킴에 따라 optical band gap또한 증가되는 경향을 보였으며, 2% O2를 첨가하였을 때 막의 optical band gap은 0.5까지 감소하였다.

The objectives of the present study were improvements in the efficiency of developmental rates to morula and blastocyst stages to produce a large number of genetically identical nuclear transplant embryos. The oocytes collected from slaughterhouse ovaries were matured for 24 h and then enucleated and cultured to allow cytoplasmic maturation and gain activation competence. And then the donor embryos were treated for 12 h with 10 g /ml nocodazole and 7.5 g /ml cytochalasin B to synchronize the cell cycle stage at 26 h after the onset of culture. The blastomeres were transferred into the perivitelline space of the enucleated nocytes and blastomeres and oocytes were fused by electrofusion. The cloned embryos were then cultured in various conditions to allow further development. The age of the recipient(30 vs 40 h) had no significant effect on the fusion rates(82.4 vs 82.1%) and the developmental rates to morula /blastocyst(9.8 vs 11.0%). Effect of Nocodazole treatment on the donor cell cyle synchronization to improve the developmental rates of bovine nuclear transplant embryos was significantly higher than control group(21.4 vs 10.1%, p<0.05). Significant differences were in the percentage of fusion rates(72.9,77.1vs 61.9%) in three types of fusion medium(PBS(+), mannitol and sucrose, p<0.01). The developmental rates of bovine nuclear transplant embryos appeared to be highest in mSOF medium under 5% 0 condition, but no significant differences were found when compared with TCM199-BOEC and mSOF under two different oxygen ratio(5 and 20%).

The in situ observations and the seawater analyses were conducted in July and August, 1996 for the purpose of describing the characteristics of organic pollution, dissolved oxygen distributions, and the evaluation of water quality in Mokpo harbour. The vertical density distribution of water column was found to be in stable structure with higher water temperature and lower salinity on surface layer at ebb tide in summer. In July, dissolved oxygen was shown to be oversaturated on surface and bottom layers, while in August, which was shown to be oversaturated on surface layer, and to be unsaturated on bottom layer as 68∼93% of saturation percentage. Dissolved oxygen of bottom layer in August was evaluated to be under the regular grades, based on Korean standards of seawater quality. In view of COD, the seawater quality of Mokpo harbour in summer was evaluated to be deteriorated due to organic wastes and graded to be the third class, and TSS of Mokpo harbour in summer was graded to be the second class, based on Korean standards of seawater quality. In particular, COD of surface layer in August was found to be under the regular grades. It is, therefore, necessary to take measures for the control of pollution loads and the proper management of seawater quality in Mokpo harbour. The distribution patterns of DO, COD, VSS and Chlorophyll-a on surface layer along the downstream center line from inner harbour to harbour entrance were similar to one another at ebb tide in August.

There are growing needs to produce relatively high purity(99.0% or higher) oxygen at low cost. For small scale production, both pressure swing adsorption(PSA) and membrane process are competitive and less expensive or more convenient than well known cryogenic fractionation technology. A continuous membrane column(CMC) combined with a PSA oxygen generator can be employed to produce high purity oxygen continuously. The oxygen enriched gas generated by a PSA unit, with a concentration of 93~94%, is fed to the CMC that consism of three modules of poly(imide) hollow fibers. Several experiments were conducted by varying parameters, such as feed flow rate, transmembrane pressure drop, stage cut, and feed location in order to obtain a high oxygen concentration above 99.0%. A two-series unit mode was also employed with CMC operation to optimize the given membrane area.

고분해능 전자에너지손실 및 자외선광전자 분광법을 사용하여 단결정 NbC(111)면의 산소횹착을 연구하였다. NbC(111) 표면에는 산소가 원자 및 분자상태로 흡착되었다. 산소원자는 3-fold hollow site에 흡착되며 진동수는 548cm-1이었다. 산소분자의 신축진동수는 968cm-1로서 기체상태인 산소분자의 진동수보다 크게 낮았으며, 산소분자의 흡착으로 일함수가 증가하였다. 이는 NbC(111) 기판으로부터 산소분자의 2ppig 궤도로 전자가 이동하였음을 보여주는 증거이다.

수평자장을 건 Czochralski(HMCZ) 방법으로 자장강도(B)와 도가니 회전속도(C)가 실리콘 단결정의 산소편석에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. B=2, 3, 4kG와 C=4-15rpm에서<100> 방향으로 성장시킨 57mm 직경의 단결정들 내의 산소분포는 대체로 축을 따라서 불균일하였고 톱니모양을 나타내었다. 종래의 CZ 방법과 비교할 때, 이러한 산소분포의 불균일성은 위 강도의 수평자장이 결정성장계면으로의 산소전달에 불안정한 요소로 작용했음을 나타낸다고 볼 수 있다. 반면에 C의 증가는 산소분포의 불균일성의 약화와 산소농도의 전반적인 증가를 유도하였다. 이 결과를 토대로 B=2kG에서 27-36ppma인 산소분포를 가진 단결정이 프로그램된 C에 의해서 얻어졌다. 소자제조공정을 모의한 열처리 과정에서 HMCZ 실리콘의 산소석출은 종래의 CZ 실리콘의 산소석출에 비해서 상대적으로 불균일하였고, as-grown 상태에서의 고르지 못한 HMCZ 실리콘의 산소분포가 주요 원인임이 밝혀졌다.

고분해능 전자에너지손실과 자외선광전자분광법을 사용하여 단결정 ZrC(111)면의 산소흡착을 연구하였다. 산소는 낮은 산소노출량에서 (√3×√3)R30˚ 구조로 흡착된다. 노출량이 승가하면 1×1 구조로 바뀌는데 이때 흡착하는 산소원자는 (√3×√3)R30˚ 구조에서보다 흡착높이가 낮으며 3-fold hollow site의 중심에 놓이지 않고 bridge site에 가까와진다. 서로 다른 산소흡착 거동은 개끗한 ZrC(111) 표면에서 두개의 표면전자상태에 기인한다.

2024년 미국항공우주국은 아르테미스 유인 달 탐사를 계획하고 있으며, 2030년대에는 미국을 비롯해 주요 국가들은 인류가 1개월 이상의 장기적인 유인 활동을 추진하기 위한 관련 핵심기술을 개발하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 계획과 더불어 가장 우선시하여 고려되는 것은 달 현지자원 활용이며, 반드시 필요한 자원은 생명유지를 위한 물과 산소자원이라고 할 수 있다. 이러한 자원은 지구에서 가져가는 것이 아니라 달 표면 현지에서 확보해 활용하는 것이 가장 경제적이며, 달 기지 건설 및 향후 화성으로 진출하기 위한 추진체의 연료로 활용할 수 있는 점에서도 산소자원의 채굴 및 활용방안에 대한 국제적인 연구개발은 활발히 진행되고 있다, 본 논문은 달 표면에서의 산소의 분포 및 산소 추출에 대한 대표적인 방법을 소개하고자 한다.

Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μM (PM2.5) is one of the major environmental pollutants. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), an endocrine disrupting chemical in PM2.5, has been utilized for the manufacturing of polyvinyl chloride to increase the flexibility of final products. In the present study, we investigated the ecotoxicological effect of DEHP on the viability of skin keratinocytes (HaCaT). DEHP induced apoptotic cell death mediated by phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase through the production of intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Interestingly, we found that DEHP induces the phosphorylation of the nuclear factor-kappa B responsible for the expression of cleaved caspase-3 as an executional cell death protease in HaCaT cells. On the basis of these results, we suggest that DEHP in PM2.5 induces the apoptotic death of human keratinocytes via ROS-mediated signaling events.

In this study, we performed a sediment elution experiment to evaluate water quality in terms of phosphorus, as influenced by the dissolved oxygen consumed by sediments. Three separate model column treatments, namely, raw, calcined, and sonicated oyster shell powders, were used in this experiment. Essential phosphorus fractions were examined to verify their roles in nutrient release from sediment based on correlation analyses. When treated with calcined or sonicated oyster shell powder, the sediment-water interface became “less anaerobic,” thereby producing conditions conducive to partial oxidation and activities of aerobic bacteria. Sediment Oxygen Demand (SOD) was found to be closely correlated with the growth of algae, which confirmed an intermittent input of organic biomass at the sediment surface. SOD was positively correlated with exchangeable and loosely adsorbed phosphorus and organic phosphorus, owing to the accumulation of unbound algal biomass-derived phosphates in sediment, whereas it was negatively correlated with ferric iron-bound phosphorus or calcium fluorapatite-bound phosphorus, which were present in the form of "insoluble" complexes, thereby facilitating the free migration of sulfate-reducing bacteria or limiting the release from complexes, depending on applied local conditions. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed that iron-reducing bacteria were the dominant species in control and non-calcined oyster shell columns, whereas certain sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were identified in the column treated with calcined oyster powder.