The purpose of this study is to discover the interaction between credit growth and operational self-sustainability and to examine factors that affect credit growth and operational self-sustainability of people's credit funds (PCFs). Credit growth and operational self-sustainability are factors affecting the operations and the goals of people's credit funds (PCFs) in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. After regression analysis on a set of panel data from 2013 to 2018 of 24 PCFs, it appears that deposit growth and loan-to-deposit ratio have positive relationships with credit growth, while capital adequacy ratio and operational self-sustainability have negative relationships with credit growth of PCFs; capital adequacy ratio, deposit growth and income have positive relationships with operational self-sustainability, while credit growth and non-performing loan ratio have negative relationships with the operational self-sustainability of PCFs. At the same time, credit growth and operational self-sustainability have a relationship to interact with each other in a contrary trend. The results of this research are accurate according to the characteristics and development history of PCFs in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam from 2013-2018. This study helps researchers and managers to understand the key determinants for better management of PCFs.

The paper aims to provide some recommendations to improve the operational capacity of the Tra Vinh Provincial Center of Public Administrative Services and to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of management in the State administrative agencies. The study on people's satisfaction towards public services of Tra Vinh Provincial Center of Public Administrative Services was conducted by collecting primary data of 300 people who used public services provided by this Center from September 2018 to November 2018. By using the multivariate regression method, the author found that there were a number of factors affecting people's satisfaction towards public services at the Center, including procedures, service fee, and attitudes of the staff, empathy, staff capacity, and trust. These factors had an impact on people's satisfaction towards public administrative services performed by staff officers from Tra Vinh Provincial Center of Public Administrative Services. Since then, the study has proposed policy implications to improve people's satisfaction on service quality at the Center such as: Develop a flexible charge mechanism of public services; Enhance the sense of responsibility of staff officers; Pay attention to improving administrative procedures; Establish trustworthiness to people; Pay attention to professional improvement; and Build up a friendly and respectful team of staff.

After the March First People’s Uprising, writers that included progressive patriots, independence activists and the broader masses created progressive literature that reflected the heights of the Korean people’s patriotic fervor and the national anti-Japanese struggle. In contrast, bourgeois writers went down the path of becoming reactionaries as their disappointment, sense of failure, weariness and despair led them to a literary world that was at once both empty and degenerate. Unlike the progressive works that flow with our people’s strong will and invincible spirit that refused to surrender in the face of guns and knives and gave them the strong resolve to achieve independence for their country, these corrupted literary works were reactionary in the sense that they emphasized feelings of depression, despair and pessimism in their portrayal of human beings faced with misfortune. These works, which reflect historical fact but are in sharp contrast to the Chuch’e ideological direction, portrayal of art and characters, and description of life in both content and convention, show how sharp and complicated the confrontation between progressive and reactionary literature was in our country’s modern literary world in the time leading up to and following the March First People’s Uprising.

The paper aims to investigate empirical causes of poverty of the Khmer ethnic people and suggest policy implication to help the Khmer ethnic people escape poverty in Tra Vinh province and the Mekong Delta. The study has been conducted with direct interviews with 300 Khmer households living in seven districts and cities in Tra Vinh province and with the use of multivariate regression. The research results show that a number of causes that affect poverty of poor households include lack of capital for production, lack of means of production, poor health and lack of labor, large families, lack of job opportunities or unemployment, and lack of willingness to escape poverty and education. Thus, there should be poverty reduction policy for the poor househlods in the coming time. Based on the current situation and regression results, the authors propose a number of recommendations: 1) Focus on preferential loan policies for poor people 2) Provide occupational training programs for improving incomes for the Khmer ethnic households 3) Build up special infrastructure in the Khmer ethnic areas 4) Focus on promoting cultural and belief institutions in areas of the Khmer ethnic people and 5) Improve and build up healthcare clinics services and facilities.

The paper aims to combine balance sheet analysis at the firm level with the International Monetary Fund’s public debt sustainability assessment framework to assess state-owned enterprises’ (SOE) leverage as a contingent liability to the public sector. Based on company data and the interest coverage ratio as a measure of debt at risk, aggregate baseline scenarios are projected to gauge the magnitude of SOE debt as a contingency. SOE’s financial and debt ratios are first bootstrapped to generate firm-level distributions and then averaged into a fan chart of the economy-wide SOE contingent liability. Applied to the People’s Republic of China as an example, the study finds that by the end of 2015 SOE leverage had grown to a substantial liability. However arbitrary the assumptions underlying these projections, it would appear that even if authorities had to mop up as much as 20% of SOE debt at risk gone bad, this would have been manageable at roughly 2.7% of the gross domestic product in 2016 or 5.5% by 2021. This projection framework is fully amenable to alternative assumptions and settings, which makes it a useful analytical tool to monitor contingent liabilities from non-financial corporate debt that have been building in emerging and advanced economies alike.

최근 삶의 질이 향상되면서 많은 사람들이 다양한 레저 활동을 즐기고 있다. 하지만 레저 활동 인구가 증가하면서 다양한 사고로 척수손상장애인이 되기도 한다. 이러한 이유로 척수손상장애인의 인구가 증가할 수 밖에 없다. 이러한 현상은 의료복지 측면에서의 수요 확대로 이어질 수 있다. 척수손상 정도에 따라 외출 및 외래진료에 어려움이 있는 척수손상환자들은 방문의료서비스의 이용 증대로 이어질 수 있다. 이러한 이유로 보건복지부에서는 서비스 양적 확충을 위해 지속적 연구가 진행되고 있다. 하지만 서비스 다각화 및 질적 향상 측면에서 체계화가 미흡한 실정이다. 선행연구의 대부분은 이용자를 대상으로 단편적인 만족도 및 욕구조사 중심으로 진행되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 ICT 방문의료서비스 디자인을 위한 4D프로세스 중 Define 단계로 이해관계자 요구사항을 조사하였다. 조사 대상은 서비스 제공자 4명, 서비스 수요자 14명을 대상으로 진행하였다. 조사 대상자들의 구체적인 문제점 및 요구사항을 도출하기 위해 인터뷰 방법론을 활용하였다. 본 연구의 방법으로는 첫째, 척수손상장애와 ICT 방문의료서비스에 대한 이론적 고찰을 실시하였다. 둘째, 국내, 국외에서 진행된 ICT 방문의료서비스에 대한 사례 연구를 진행하였다. 그 결과 ICT 방문의료서비스 관련 이해관계자를 파악하였고 서비스 현황, 주요 시사점을 도출하였다. 셋째, ICT 방문의료서비스 관계자 4명과 척수손상장애인 14명을 대상으로 심층인터뷰와 포커스 그룹인터뷰를 진행하였다. 그 결과 6가지 주요 시사점을 도출할 수 있었다. 6가지 주요 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 외래진료와 원격진료 병행으로 인한 업무의 부담이다. 둘째, 간접적 원격 진료에 대한 신뢰성이 낮았다. 셋째, 서비스 내 커뮤니케이션 채널이 없었다. 커뮤니케이션 채널이 없어 주요 정보 공유에 문제가 있었다. 넷째, 생체정보 측정 장비와 ICT 의료시스템과의 데이터 호환성에 문제가 있었다. 기기와 시스템 간 호환이 되지 않아 비효율적인 의료서비스가 제공되고 있었다. 다섯째, 다수 환자에 대한 예방, 의료기록, 일정관리 등을 위한 ICT 모니터링 시스템 구축의 필요성이 나타났다. 여섯째, 다양한 특성의 척수손상장애인을 고려한 서비스 세분화이다. 향후 본 연구를 통해 도출된 6가지 시사점은 ICT 방문의료서비스디자인의 개선방향 설정에 활용될 것이다. 또한 의료서비스를 지원하는 시스템 개선방향에도 활용될 예정이다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between regular exercise, cognitive function, and depression in Korean elderly people, and to explore whether age group affects the relationships between these variables. Methods: This study utilized data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) from waves 1 to 6. The sample in the current study was 4244 participants, aged 65 and older who were in wave 6 (in 2016). Welch’s test were conducted to identify the relationships between regular exercise, cognitive function, and depression. Results: First, participants undertaking exercise had better cognitive function than non-exercising participants. Second, old-old elderly people who had started exercising in the last 2 years after at least 8 years of having an inactive lifestyle had better cognitive function than those who have not exercised for more than 10 years. Third, participants who exercised had lower levels of depression than those who did not exercise. Fourth, old-old elderly people who started exercising in the last 2 years after at least 8 years of a sedentary lifestyle tended to have lower levels of depression than those who had not exercised for more than 10 years. Conclusion: The current study extends knowledge on the importance of regular exercise on cognitive function and depression in elderly people. Furthermore, this study suggests that the positive effects of exercise on cognitive function and depression may be greater for the old-old compared to the young-old age groups.

The present paper study investigates the relationship between social exclusion and donation intention among specific social groups in Korea. Social exclusion refers to non-participation in social experiences by the socially disadvantaged. Data were analyzed using two sources; first was the evidence of behaviors arising from social exclusion of the university students and then socially excluded reactions of the elderly responses from the survey were compared with the first research findings. The reason of using multi-sources of data is that the outcome from the experimental design of the university student is imperative to clarify what the conclusions will be the same result with the other demographic characteristic of the elderly. The research design was three excluded elderly individuals of a self-excluded group and two other excluded groups divided such as “ignored” and “rejected” individuals to compare the differences among three groups of different sources of exclusion. The conclusion of this study is that those with high social exclusion exhibited a more negative donation intention than those with lower social exclusion, but that those who perceived themselves as self-excluded were more likely to give donations than those excluded by others, regardless of the level of their social exclusion.

Purpose - The purpose of this research is to make a comparative assessment of People Credit Funds (PCFs) ranking in Vietnam between the Circular No. 42/2016/TT-NHNN dated December 20, 2016 with the Decision No. 14/2007/QD-NHNN dated 09/4/2007 issued by the Governor of the State Bank. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is mainly based on the Circular No. 42/2016/TT-NHNN dated December 20, 2016 and the Decision No. 14/2007/QD-NHNN dated 09/4/2007 issued by the Governor of the State Bank on PCFs ranking. Results - The study paper has shown positive changes in PCFs ranking in Vietnam in accordance with the Circular No. 42/2016/TT-NHNN, such as increasing Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), maintaining CAR, improving assets quality, developing indicators of governance, management and control capability. These changes have implications for the development and efficient performance of PCFs in Vietnam. Conclusions - The classification and evaluation of PCFs will contribute to its healthy development. These finding support PCFs to understand more about rating methodology, significance of rating system and the importance of improving their rating. PCFs in Vietnam desire to develop their business effectively, they need to understand exactly and comply fully with regulations related to their field of operations.

최근 대학생 및 청년의 게임 및 인터넷 과몰입에 대한 문제가 사회적으로 대두되면서 청소년 뿐만 아니라 대학생 또는 성인들 또한 많은 문 제가 되고 있다. 그중 비교적 스스로 시간을 분배하고 혼자만의 시간이 많은 대학생 또는 20대 초중반의 성인들을 대상자로 정하여 게임 및 인터넷 과몰입에 대한 문제를 원예치료 프로그램을 통해 개선점과 선호도 및 기대효과를 알아보기 위함이다. 게임 및 인터넷 과몰입 대상 자 선별은 1곳의 pc방 사용시간이 100시간 이상인 대상자로 한국정보화진흥원(스마트 쉼센터)에서 배포한 인터넷중독진단(성인대상) 척 도를 사용하여 15문항 기준 43점 이상으로 잠재적 위험 사용자군에 해당하는 대학생 또는 청년들 총 남녀 14명을 선별 후 실험군 7명, 대조 군 7명으로 원예치료 프로그램을 실시하였다. 실험군은 총 주 1회씩 13회기 약 3 개월 정도 원예치료 프로그램 실행 후 사전 과 사후에 동일 한 총 6개의 측정도구를 사용하였고, 대조군은 1회기가 시작될 때 6개 측정도구를 실시하였고 3개월 후 13회기 진행할 때 동일한 측정도구 를 통해 실시하였다. 위와 같이 프로그램을 진행한 실험군과 그렇지 않은 대조군의 차이를 관찰 했으며 그 결과 3개월 후 게임 및 인터넷 과 몰입의 정도가 원예치료 프로그램을 진행한 실험군이 그렇지 않은 대조군의 비하여 효과적이었음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과에 따 라 대학생 및 청년의 게임 및 인터넷 과몰입 대상자가 원예치료를 통해 긍정적인 영향을 얻는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 명확 하고 객관적인 근거를 기반으로 대상자를 선별하기에 부족함이 있었으며 조금 더 객관적인 근거를 기반으로 대상자를 선별할 수 있는 방법 을 통해 추가적으로 연구되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구는 독거노인(elderly people living alone)의 고독감 감소(reduction of loneliness)와 자기방임의 예방(prevention of self-neglect)을 위해 활동이론(activity theory)을 적용한 원예복지 프로그램(horticultural well-being program)을 실시하여 그 효과성을 알아보았다. 연구 대상은 경기도 성남시에 위치한 00노인복지관의 독거노인 지원센터에 소속되어 있는 65세 이상의 독거노인을 대상으로 하였으며, 실험 참여에 동의한 30명을 무작위로 실험군 15명, 대조군 15명으로 나누어 실시하였다. 연구기간은 2016년 6월부터 8월까지 주 1회, 회기 당 50분씩, 총 12회기로 실시하였다. 활동이론을 적용한 원예복지 프로그램의 작성은 그룹 활동을 위주로 각 그룹 내에서 상호작용이 극대화 되고 사회적인 활동이 자발적인 역할 활동으로 변화하는데 주안점을 두었다. 원예활동 선정은 고독감, 자기방임과 사회적인 활동(social activities)에 관련된 선행연구와 독거노인의 심리, 정서적, 사회적인 특성을 고려하여 선정하였으며, 지도교수(Professor)와 사회복지사 2 명, 원예치료학(horticultural therapist) 박사 1명에게 자문을 받은 후 수정과 보완단계를 거쳐서 완성시켰다. 또한 프로그램 진행은 집단 내 의 개인과 개인의 역할 수행에 중점을 두고 매 회기 별로 그룹으로 시행하였다. 프로그램 동안 실시된 원예활동은 꽃꽂이(arranging flower), 다육식물(Succulents) 심기(planting), 식물 모아심기(gather planting), 꽃바구니(flower basket), 테라리움(Terrarium), 토피어리, 꽃 케이크(make a flower cakes), 접시정원(dish gardens), 천연비누, 압화(pressed flower) 액자, 채소심기였다. 사용된 평가도구는 고독감 척도(The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale), 자기방임척도, 노인생활만족도(life satisfaction)척도이며, 고독감, 자기방임, 생활만족도는 Mann-Whitney test로 그룹의 동질성과 효과성을 비교하였고, 그룹 내의 사전 사후 비교 변화를 위해서는 Wilcoxon signed-rank test를 사 용하였다. 실험결과에 따르면, 프로그램 실시 후 실험군의 고독감 검사의 하위영역인 사회적 주변인 부족(lack of social others), 소속감 부족 영역 (lack of belong and affiliation)은 대조군에 비해 유의한 향상이 나타났으며, 자기방임에서 유의한 감소가 있었다. 또한 노인생활만족도 검 사에서는 실험군이 현재(current)와 미래의 생활만족도(future satisfaction with life) 항목에서 대조군에 비해 프로그램 실시 후 유의한 향 상이 있었다. 반면 과거 생활만족도(past satisfaction with life)에는 유의한 변화가 없었다. 따라서 활동이론을 적용한 원예복지 프로그램은 차후 다양한 노인 공동체 활동이나 전문 복지 서비스 지원의 일환으로 충분히 활용될 수 있다고 판단된다.

The objective of the study is to establish principles of space planning required to create community gardens for improving self-support capability of vulnerable groups. The characteristics of community garden users and the purposes of community gardens were considered when setting these principles. The target users are vulnerable groups. In considering the circumstance of the homeless who have difficulties in overcoming physical, mental, social and financial risks, 13 universal design principles were applied: Equitable use, flexibility in use, simple and intuitive use, perceptible information, tolerance for error, low physical effort, size and space for approach and use, self-supporting, aesthetics, economic feasibility, environment friendly, healthiness, and sustainability. As the space planning principles based on the community garden purposes are set to achieve mental, social and financial self-support, healing garden and urban agriculture were combined in the principles. Maximally efficient division of space where various programs are available, privacy-protected space, rest areas for strengthening resilience and health, pleasant and beautiful spaces with plants, easily accessible and safe space, and easy maintenance and sustainability are required factors for community gardens. As the ultimate goal, financial self-support, a space where they can develop acquired skills and then proceed with productive activities was included in the space planning principles. Additionally, ecological aspects such as cycle of materials, efficient energy use and expanded biodiversity were combined and supported by local communities to secure sustainability of the use of space.

본 논문에서는 어선원 및 일반인들이 해상에서 조난을 당하였을 경우 구조를 위해 조난신호 및 위치정보를 송신할 수 있으면서, 팽창식 구명조끼에 장착이 가능한 유연한 다중대역 안테나를 제안한다. 이 안테나는 VHF-DSC 대역(156MHz), COSPAS-SARSAT 대역 (406MHz) 및 GPS대역(1,575MHz) 에서 동작하는 3중대역 안테나이다. GPS대역은 사각형 슬롯 링(square slot-ring) 형태의 평판 구조로 구 현하였고, COSPAS-SARSAT 대역과 VHF-DSC 대역은 모노폴 구조로 구현을 하였다. 또한 기판은 구명조끼 장착을 위한 유연성 확보를 위 해 0.2mm 두께를 가지는 FR4-epoxy 기판을 사용하였다. 제작된 안테나는 최종적으로 사람이 구명조끼를 장착한 상태에서 VHF-DSC, COSPAS-SARSAT, GPS 대역에서 각각 –8.8dB, -20.4dB, -10.7dB의 반사손실 특성을 나타내었다.

This study was conducted to suggest efficient management measures for the trails of urban parks. For this purpose, Importance- Performance Analysis was applied to analyze the expectations and satisfaction of users of trails in Gwanggyo Lake Park. As a result of analysis, it was found that the average level of importance was 4.2 and satisfaction was 3.54. Overall, the importance of evaluation items was higher than the satisfaction. The factors that need intensive management were the convenience of moving with a wheelchair or a stroller, the amount of shades and vegetation, nearby amenities, pedestrian safety facilities, and separation of walking trails and bicycle trails. It was found that management strategies and improvement are necessary to improve the safety facilities of trails and convenience of users. It is hoped that the findings of this study can suggest efficient management and operation measures and improve the satisfaction of users.

This research study aims to examine who vulnerable people are on disaster & emergency situations in South Korea. There are various vulnerable people such as children, senior citizen, the disabled and foreigners. I choose foreigners who live in South Korea as vulnerable group among them because there would be no system and study for helping foreigners on the situations, comparing to other vulnerable groups. Foreigners' residents often could have accidents from disaster and emergency situations because they live in South Korea for long time and various places such as factory, farmland, fishery and so on. To solve these problems, we should be willing to cope with emergencies for foreigners’ residents. First of all, it is necessary that a variety of educations and promotions should be a prerequisite to foreign residents' easy access to safety. As well, revitalizing a variety of communities, we need to figure out a way to cope with emergent disasters. This study will present some preparations to solve the problems, as exhibited in the following. First, multilingual emergency disaster & emergency services applications. Second, foreign residents provide disaster & emergency related promotional media. Third, education and social institutions established disaster & emergency. Forth, selection foreign volunteer firefighters. The research being sought by this study is a set of findings that contribute to the development of practical and realistic policy recommendations which may be used for disaster & emergency management practitioners, as well as policy and decision makers at all level.