유한요소법(finite element method)은 다양한 분야에서 재료의 역학적 거동을 더욱더 현실적으로 해석하고 예측하는 방법으로 다양한 분야의 제품 개발에 적용되고 있다. 하지만 섬유배향과 변형률 속도가 역학적 특성에 영향을 미치는 유리섬유 강화 플라스틱 복합재료에 관한 수치해석을 이용한 접근 방법은 현재까지 다소 어려움이 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 고분자, 고무, 금속 등과 같은 다양한 복합재료를 위한 선형, 비선형 다중스케일 재료 모델링 프로그램인 Digimat의 수치해석 재료 모델을 활용하여 유리섬유 강화 플라스틱 복합재료의 역학적 특성을 정의하고 검증하는 것에 있다. 또한 이를 통해 좀더 현실 적으로 고분자 복합재료의 거동을 예측하고자 한다. 이를 위해 다양한 고분자 중 30wt%의 단섬유 질량 비율을 갖는 폴리부 틸렌 텔레프탈레이트(polybutylene terephthalate, PBT)의 섬유배향과 변형률 속도에 따른 인장 특성을 참고문헌을 통해 조사하였다. 또한 Moldflow 프로그램을 사용한 사출해석을 통해 유리섬유 배향 정보를 계산하였으며 이를 매핑(mapping) 과 정을 통해 유한요소 인장 시편 모델에 전달하였다. 대표적인 유한요소 상용 프로그램 중 하나인 LS-DYNA는 유리섬유 배향과 변형률 속도에 따른 복합재료의 인장 특성을 연구하기 위해 Digimat과의 연성해석(coupled analysis)에 활용되었다. 그리고 유리섬유 강화 플라스틱 복합재료를 해석하기 위한 LS-DYNA의 다양한 비등방성(anisotropic) 재료 모델들의 장단점을 서로 비교하고 평가하였다.

In this study, glass fibers are fabricated via a continuous spinning process using manganese slag, steel slag, and silica stone. To fabricate the glass fibers, raw materials are put into an alumina crucible, melted at 1550℃ for 2 hrs, and then annealed at 600℃ for 2 hrs. We obtain a black colored glass. We identify the non-crystalline nature of the glass using an XRD(x-ray diffractometer) graph. An adaptable temperature for spinning of the bulk marble glass is characterized using a high temperature viscometer. Spinning is carried out using direct melting spinning equipment as a function of the fiberizing temperature in the range of 1109℃ to 1166℃ , while the winder speed is in the range of 100rpm to 250rpm. We investigate the various properties of glass fibers. The average diameters of the glass fibers are measured by optical microscope and FE-SEM. The average diameter of the glass fibers is 73 μm at 100rpm, 65 μm at 150rpm, 55 μm at 200rpm, and 45 μm at 250rpm. The mechanical properties of the fibers are confirmed using a UTM(Universal materials testing machine). The average tensile strength of the glass fibers is 21MPa at 100rpm, 31MPa at 150rpm, 34MPa at 200rpm, and 45MPa at 250rpm.

PURPOSES: The objective of this study is to evaluate the physical properties of recycled asphalt mixtures reinforced with glass fiber. METHODS: Firstly, mixing design was conducted on recycled asphalt mixture for use of 50% recycled aggregate. Various laboratory tests were performed on four types of recycled asphalt mixtures with different glass fiber content to evaluate the physical properties. The laboratory tests include indirect tensile strength test, dynamic modulus test, Hamburg wheel tracking test and tensile-strength ratio to evaluate cracks, rutting and moisture resistance of mixtures. RESULTS: The indirect tensile strength of fiber reinforced glass increased about 139.4%. As a result of comparing the master curves obtained by the dynamic modulus test, the elasticity was low in the low temperature region and high in the high temperature region when the glass fiber was reinforced. The glass fiber contents of PEGS 0.3%, Micro PPGF 0.1% and Macro PPGF 0.3% showed the highest moisture resistance and rutting resistance. CONCLUSIONS : The test results show that use of glass fiber reinforcement can increase the resistance to cracking, rutting, and moisture damage of asphalt mixtures. It is also necessary to validate the long-term performance of recycled asphalt mixtures with glass fiber using full scale pavement testing and field trial construction.

Recently, there is an increasing the pavement distresses such as rutting with an increase in heavy vehicles on the road in Mongolia. Rutting is the longitudinal depression in the wheel path in asphalt pavements and it causes a hydroplaning and severe safety concern for users. This study aims to develop paving material that can prevent rutting on the road pavement by improving the durability of the asphalt mixture in Mongolia. Therefore, this study was carried out using the technique of reinforcing the material by adding fibers to conventional asphalt mixture. Fibers have been used to reinforce various materials for many decades in various parts of the world. It is generally understood that asphalt is strong in compression and weak in tension. Adding fibers with high tensile strength can help increase the strength of a mixture[1]. A mixture of glass fibers was used in this study to evaluate the performance characteristics. In coordination with the City of Ulaanbaatar, The test section selected in this study was Peace Avenue in Ulaanbaatar. The test section was a bus lane with severe rutting by heavy vehicles. The designated road test section performed cutting and overlay using five asphalt mixtures: Glass Fiber-reinforced Asphalt, Hot Mix Asphalt(10mm, 19mm), Polymer Modify Asphalt(2 types). The performance survey was conducted after the summer. As a result, No noticeable cracks were observed in glass-reinforced mixture section and the rut-depth of the glass-reinforced mixture is lower than other mixtures[2].

Recently, Cambodia has been investing a lot of money in the construction and maintenance of roads, which are social infrastructures. However, damage to the existing pavement is accelerating due to the old age of the road pavement, poor drainage facilities and increase in heavy traffic. To solve this problem, a fundamental solution such as a high-performance asphalt mixture is required to extend the life of road pavement. In this study, a high performance glass fiber reinforced asphalt mixture developed in Korea was applied to Cambodia. Prior to field application, Marshall stability tests were performed on glass fiber reinforced asphalt mixtures, SBS modified asphalt mixtures and asphalt mixtures commonly used in Cambodia. The Marshall stability test showed that the glass fiber reinforced asphalt mixture and the SBS modified asphalt mixture had the same strength (about 1.3 times higher strength than the usual asphalt mixture). In addition, the test construction was carried out on the National Highway 2 of Cambodia for the evaluation of the performance of the three mixtures. In the future, the long-term performance evaluation of each mixture will be conducted through follow-up survey of the test construction area.

General D-glass(Dielectric glass) fibers are adaptable to PCBs(Printed circuit boards) because they have a low dielectric constant of about 3.5~4.5. However, very few papers have appeared on the physical characteristics of D-glass fibers. D-glass fibers were fabricated via continuous spinning process using bulk D-glass. In order to fabricate the D-glass, raw materials were put into a Pt crucible, melted at 1650℃ for 2 hrs, and then annealed at 521 ± 10℃ for 2 hrs. We obtained transparent clear glass. The transmittance and adaptable temperature for spinning of the bulk marble glass were characterized using a UV-visible spectrometer and a viscometer. Continuous spinning was carried out using direct melting spinning equipment as a function of the fiberizing temperature in the range of 1368℃ to 1460℃, while the winder speed was between 100 rpm and 200 rpm. We investigated the physical properties of the D-glass fibers. The average diameters of the glass fibers were measured by optical microscope and FE-SEM. The average diameters of the D-glass fibers were 21.36 um at 100 rpm and 34.06 um at 200 rpm. The mechanical properties of the fibers were confirmed using a UTM(Universal materials testing machine). The average tensile strengths of the D-glass fibers were 467.03 MPa at 100 rpm and 522.60 MPa at 200 rpm.

The pultruded fiber reinforced polymer plastic (PFRP) is one of the most actively studied composite materials for the structural member in construction industries. In domestic design process, the PFRP member is designed as an isotropic material having only longitudinal material properties for simplicity, because it is too complex to consider orthotrophy of PFRP perfectly. In this study, three cases of buckling analysis of PFRP plate is conducted theoretically and numerically. First, the PFRP plate is considered as an orthotropic material. Second, the PFRP plate is considered as an isotropic plate having only longitudinal material properties. Third, the PFRP plate is considered as an isotropic plate having geometric mean of longitudinal and transverse material properties. As a result of buckling analysis, a buckling strength of PFRP plate as an isotropic plate having only longitudinal material properties is about 2.21 times larger than that of PFRP plate analyzed as an orthotropic plate. On the other hand, a buckling strength of PFRP plate as an isotropic plate having geometric mean material properties is about 1.19 times larger than that of PFRP plate analyzed as an orthotropic plate. In conclusion, the safety factor of 3 used in domestic design process of PFRP member is no longer applicable due to overestimation of buckling strength of PFRP member which leads to nonconservative design.

GFRP(Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Plastic) has a superior corrosion resistance, high specific strength/stiffness, etc. Therefore, such properties can be used to mitigate the problems associated with the use of conventional construction materials. In this study, the various rib and pitch distance of hybrid fiber GFRP bars were evaluated by experimental method. From the test result, thirty two types of FRP hybrid bars such as spiral and cross type with the dimension of rib geometry were fabricated. To evaluate the bond properties of them, direct pull-out test was performed. All testing procedures including specimen preparation, set-up of test equipment and measuring devices were made in accordance with the recommendations of ASTM D 7913. From the test results, it was found that cross type hybrid GFRP reinforcing bars showed the highest bond strength than that of the others due to the higher relative rib area.

E (Electric) -glass fibers are the most widely used glass fibers, taking up 90 % of the long glass fiber market. However, very few papers have appeared on the physical characteristics of E-glass fibers and how they depend on the fiberizing temperature of fiber spinning. Glass fiber was fabricated via continuous spinning process using bulk E-glass. In order to fabricate the E-glass specimen, raw materials were put into a Pt crucible and melted at 1550 oC for 2hrs; mixture was then annealed at 621 ± 10 oC for 2hrs. The transmittance and adaptable temperature for spinning of the bulk marble glass were characterized using a UV-visible spectrometer and a viscometer. Continuous spinning was carried out using direct melting spinning equipment as a function of the fiberizing temperature in the range of 1175~1250 oC, while the winder speed was fixed at 500 rpm. Subsequently we investigated the physical properties of the E-glass fiber. The average diameter of the synthesized glass fiber was measured by optical microscope. The mechanical properties of the fiber were confirmed using a UTM (universal materials testing machine); the maximum tensile strength was measured and found to be 1843 ± 449MPa at 1225 oC.

PURPOSES: This study evaluated the field applicability and laboratory performance of glass fiber-reinforced asphalt (GFRA) mixtures. METHODS : The general hot-mix asphalt (HMA) and GFRA mixtures were paved in five sites, including three national highways, one express highway, and an arterial road, to evaluate field applicability and durability. The plant mixing and construction method for the GFRA were similar to those for the general HMA. The lab performances of the field samples were relatively compared through the mechanical measures from the Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength, and dynamic stability. The field performance was surveyed after a year. RESULTS : The lab tests verified the superior lab performances of the GFRA compared to the general HMA. The Marshall stability of the GFRA increased for about 128% of the general HMA. The indirect tensile strength of the GFRA was 115% greater than that of the general HMA. The dynamic stability of the GFRA resulted in 16,180 reps/mm, which indicated that high rut resistance may be expected. No noticeable defects, such as cracks or deformation, were observed for the GFRA sections after a year. CONCLUSIONS: The lab tests and field survey for the five GFRA sites resulted in superior performances compared to the general HMA. The relatively low-cost GFRA, which required no pre-processing procedures, such as polymer modification, may be a promising alternative to the polymer-modified asphalt mixtures. The long-term performance will be verified by the superior field durability of the GFRA in the near future.

Pipe line for the water supply and/or drainage is one of the most important life lines which is usually suffered from the damage due to exterior load induced deformation and due to the lack of support resistance provided by the surrounding soil. GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Plastic) pipes are generally thinner, lighter, but stronger than the existing concrete or steel pipes, and it is excellent in stiffness/strength per unit weight. In this study, we present the result of field test for buried RPMP (Reinforced Polymer Mortar Pipe) and RTRP (Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe) pipes with 2,400mm diameter. The vertical and horizontal ring deflections are measured for 387 days. The ring deflection of RPMP and RTRP measured by the field test is compared with the ring deflection limitation (5%) according to ASTM D 2412.

유리섬유 번들의 인장강도와 복합재료의 매트릭스수지인 페놀수지와의 접착성을 향상시키기 위하여 관능기를 가진 실란 커플링제와 페놀 수지를 이용하여 표면을 개질하였다. 일반적으로 보강재인 유리섬유의 표면을 화학적으로 개질하므로 복합재료의 특성을 조절할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 에폭시계인 glycidyltrimethoxysilane(G-silane)과 아미노계 aminopropyltriethoxysilane (A-silane)과 페놀 수지를 사 용하여 여러 농도와 온도에서 유리섬유 표면에 1단계 처리 및 2단계 복합처리를 수행하였다. 이 때 열처 리 조건이 인장강도를 향상시키는 데 가장 중요하였다. 즉 170oC에서 처리된 유리섬유의 인장강도가 10.05 gf/D로 최대를 나타내었다. 개질 후의 유리섬유 표면은 전자현미경과 적외선분광법을 이용하여 분 석하였다. 실란의 종류와 처리 조건에 따른 유리 섬유 기계적 강도에 관한 영향도 고찰하였다.

The automotive industry is moving from the internal combustion engine to electric drive motors. Electricmotors uses a high voltage system requiring the development of resources and components to shield the system. There-fore, in this study, we analyze electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) characteristics of an autocrash pad according to the ratio of electrically conductive materials and propylene. In order to combine good mechan-ical characteristics and electromagnetic shielding of the automotive crash pad, metal-coated glass fiber (MGF) manufac-turing methods are introduced and compared with powder-type methods. Through this study, among MGF methods, wesuggest that the chopping method is the most effective shielding method.

In this study, material characteristics of glass fiber composite were evaluated by experiment. Tensile, compression and in-plane shear test were performed as test method of ASTM. Velocity of Tensile and compression test was 2mm/min and in-plane shear test was 4mm/min. At the test result, elastic modulus of tensile and compressive were similar. Maximum compressive strength and maximum compressive strain were smaller than the maximum tensile strength and maximum tensile strain.

In the study, tensile, compression and in-plane tests about longitudinal direction of glass fiber were performed. Also, to obtain the material properties of GFRP fabric composite, tensile test was performed. All test were performed by the test method of ASTM. Maximum compressive strength was smaller than the maximum tensile strength at the longitudinal direction test results. Elastic modulus of the tensile and compressive was almost similar at the compression test results in the longitudinal direction. Based on the GFRP fabric composite test results, GF91 was showed good performance at maximum compressive, maximum strain and elastic modulus.

For the artistic column used by Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic(GFRP), the connection of steel with GFRP were needed. Due to the fabricating characteristics of hand laminating, GFRP surfaces had to be connected. Because there were no existed data of these connection, experimental study has to be followed so that the structural strength and buckling mode could be investigated. In this paper, therefore, the axial tests of steel with GFRP were performed. The connection of GFRP's surfaces could be also tested as well. As a result, it could be figured out that the strength of these connections were determined by the adhesive strength.