과학기술 수용자는 과학기술 변화과정을 결정하는 중요한 이해관계자이다. 하지 만 이들이 과학기술이슈에 대해 어떤 생각을 가지고 있는지 확인하는 기존의 방법들은 많은 노력과 시간이 필요한 것으로 알려져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 빅데이터 분석에 널리 사용되는 토 픽모델링을 활용해 온라인 토론장에 게시된 글을 분석하여 한국인의 원자력발전에 대한 인식 을 알아보고자 한다. 이것은 거시이슈들이 일반 과학기술 수용자 인식구조에 어떤 영향을 미 치며, 변화된 인식구조의 지속성을 이해하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다. 빅데이터를 이용해 실시간 으로 특정 과학기술이슈에 대한 일반인의 인식을 파악한다면, 과학기술 수용자(일반인)와 공 급자(전문가) 집단 사이의 인식간극을 줄이는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Information and communications technology(ICT) has been emerged as a powerful tool for extending educational opportunities in a global society. Integration of ICT is a key factor of an educational reform agenda in many developing countries. This study examines the current state of ICT facilities and educational environment in Ethiopia. Basic research on Ethiopia and Adama Science and Technology University and interviews with each stakeholder were conducted in order to reveal which factors play a role in the decision to adopt ICT.

최근 창출된 R&D 성과의 기술이전을 통해 경제적 부가가치를 높이는 것이 R&D 정책의 핵심적인 이슈로 중요하게 다루어지고 있다. 기술이전은 우수한 기술의 사업화를 통해 수익을 창출하는 역할을 하지만, 국가들 간의 기술이전 실적에는 큰 차이가 존재한다. 그러므로 본 연구는 국가 차원에서 기술이전에 영향을 미치는 요인으로써 과학기술 환경을 분석하였다.본 연구는 과학기술 환경을 크게 개방적인 환경, 용이한 창업 환경, 지식재산권이 보호되는 환경, 과학이 강조되는 환경으로 구분하여 기술이전에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 실증 분석을 위해 OECD 34개 국가를 연구 대상으로 선정하였으며, IMD로부터 2002년부터 2011년까지 데이터를 수집하여 분석에 활용하였다. 분석 결과, 본 연구에서 제시한 모든 가설들이 지지되었다. 개방적인 환경과 용이한 창업 환경은 기술이전에 대한 관심이나 의지를 제고하여 국가 차원의 기술이전 실적을 향상시킬 것으로 예측된다. 또한 지식재산권의 보호는 R&D 성과의 활용⋅확산과도 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 학교에서부터 과학이 강조되는 환경을 조성함으로써 R&D 성과의 창출뿐만 아니라 기술이전까지 적극적으로 이루어질 수 있도록 유인해야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 기존의 연구들이 기술이전을 촉진하기 위해 대부분 기술적인 역량을 강조한 측면에서 벗어나 제도적 환경의 영향력을 고려하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Brain drain of scientists and technologists to the United Sates from other countries is a phenomenal issue due to the potential developmental impacts it could have on sending countries Immigration policies undoubtedly play the major part to shape the huma

In science and engineering programs in the U.S. in 2000 China, South Korea and India were top countries of origin sending students. More than half of the students intend to stay in the U.S. Immigration, education and occupational choices all have human ca

LIST is the Lyman-α Imaging Solar Telescope, a project funded by the Korean government to fly on the second Korean Science and Technology research Satellite (STSat-2) due to launch in December 2005. The Principal Investigator is Dr. Minhwan Jang of Kyung-Hee University and of the Space Payload Research Center (SPARC), a consortium of Korean universities and institutions formed to develop scientific research projects in space. The purpose of the LIST project is to design, build, and operate an instrument on STSat-2 which will make images of the Sun from Earth orbit at the wavelength of the Hydrogen Lyman-a emission line at 121.6 nm. LIST has a simple design concept comprised of a small telescope to image the full disk of the Sun onto a CCD detector and a set of filters to isolate the 121.6 nm wavelength.

Mechanical alloying (MA) is a powder metallurgy processing technique involving cold welding fracturing and rewelding of powder particles in a high-energy ball mill. This has now become an established commercial technique in producing oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) nickel- and iron-based materials. The technique of MA is also capable of synthesizing non-equilibrium phases such as supersaturated solid solutions metastable crystalline and quasicrystalline intermetallic phases nanostructures and amorphous alloys. In this respect the capabilities of MA are similar to those of another important non-equilibrium processing technique viz rapid quenching of metallic melts. however the science of MA is being investigated only during the past ten years or so. The technique of mechanochemistry on the other hand has had a long history and the materials produced this way have found a number of technological applications e.g. in areas such as hydrogen storage materials heaters gas absorber fertilizers. catalysts cosmetics and waste management. The present talk will concentrate on the basic mechanisms of formation of non-equilibrium phases by the technique of MA and these aspects will be compared with those of rapid quenching of metallic melts. Additionally the variety of technological applications of mechanically alloyed products will be highlighted.

Hard materials such as hardmetal, coated hardmetal, cermet, ceramics and diamond or c-BN sintered compact are a kind of grain-dispersed alloy with high volume of hard particles. These are used for cutting tools, wear-resistant tools, rock bits, high pressure apparatus, etc. The annual production in Japan is about 1.7 billion dollars (200 billion yen). This is greatly owed to the development in science and technology which has been accomplished by applying new concepts such as fine or uniform grain microstructure, orientation of crystal grains, functionally graded material, artificial lattice and coherent bonding in recent years. In this review, the development in recent years in Japan is briefly summarized.

The threads of this thesis are several theoretical issues of modern urban ideals. Modern architects and urban designers conceived their individual artifacts, which assumed to be laid out on the new settings totally different from the existing urban fabrics derived from inherently medieval ones. In the discussion of modern ideal society, the Industrial Revolution and the Enlightenment was a pivotal point. Innovations in technology and expanded living territories since the double revolution have been critical factors in the evolution of new ideas of urbanism. The tremendous success in science and technology led a way to the 'science-fiction' environment as a destined apocalyptic world. The dream, whether it was socialist or in any other believes, to a pastoral utopia beyond the capitalist society was represented through the ideal cities, which were modern versions of arcadia in the other approaches. Two sides of revolutionary ideas are presented as a futurist city and a garden city, which are on the separate notions but co-existed or overlapped in a single urban project such as in Le Corbusier urban schemes or even Tchumi's recent work, Parc de la Villette. Urban ideas in the twentieth century are based on urban naturalism, the notion of which was consistant from abbe Laugier to Le Corbusier, as well as machine aesthetics interpreted in terms of archeological research and modern technology.

Purpose - In 2022, the United States introduced Creative Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors for America Act, which strengthened the export control on China’s chips, semiconductors, and other products. The scientific and technological relation between China and the United States is in a tense state, which has a negative impact on the complementary development of technology between China and the United States, as well as the development of China’s semiconductor industry. In the current situation of the scientific and technological relation between China and the United States, this paper hopes to play a certain reference role in the faster and better development of China’s semiconductor industry. Design/Methodology/Approach - This paper uses literature analysis, qualitative analysis and case analysis to elaborate on the general situation of the semiconductor industry and the development process of China’s semiconductor industry under the global semiconductor industry, and analyzes the development, present situation and future of Sino-us scientific and technological relations. Findings - This paper discusses the development problems and opportunities of China’s semiconductor industry under the Sino-US science and technology relations, and puts forward the development strategy of China’s semiconductor industry under the Sino-US science and technology relations. This paper can bring enlightenment to the development of China’s semiconductor industry under the Sino-US science and technology relations. Research Implications - Through the study of the development opportunities and strategies of China’s semiconductor industry under the Sino-US scientific and technological relation, Chinese semiconductor enterprises can better cope with the impact of the United States on the development of China’s semiconductor industry, grasp the development opportunities of the semiconductor industry, and achieve the development goals of the semiconductor industry in the difficult situation.

이 연구는 한국해양과학기술원 동해연구소 독도전문연구센터가 동해의 바닷속 펼쳐진 거대한 독도의 해양영토를 밝히고 그 가치를 찾아 한국의 영토로서 확고한 주권확립과 이용관리에 기여하고 있으며, 과학연구 활동으로 많은 성과를 이루어내고 있기 때문에 독도 해양과학연구 성과를 중심으로 홍보현황과 활성화 방안에 대하여 조사와 분석을 한 것이다. 이 독도전문연구센터는 2006년도에 설립되어 올해 16년째 독도 해양과학연구를 꾸준 히 하고 있으며, 축적된 연구 성과에 대하여 홍보를 하였다. 이러한 독도 해양과학연구 성과의 홍보 방법으로는 학술논문, 학술활동, 특허, 서적출간, 언론홍보, 전시회 및 학술행 사, 독도관련 화보집, 총서와 독도체험시스템 등이 있다. 독도전문연구센터의 독도 해양과 학연구 성과의 홍보현황을 보면 2006년부터 2020년까지 학술논문은 82편, 학술발표 226편, 특허 11건, 서적 35종, 언론홍보 1158건, 전시회 32건, 학술행사(워크숍, 세미나, 심포지엄 등) 227건, 대중강연 107건, 견학(방문) 791건, 자료제공 226건 등 약 3천건 정도로 집계되었다. 독도 시민단체와 반크 등 일반인의 독도 홍보활동은 많이 이루어지고 있지만, 독도 해양과학 연구자들의 독도 성과와 홍보에 관한 것은 아직 충분치 않은 실정이 라고 할 수 있다. 그래서 본고에서는 다음과 같은 활성화 방안을 제시하였다. 첫째, 새로운 해양, 해저지형 표기에 있어서 동도, 서도 외 89개 부속 섬의 전체 바위명칭 부여 및 지도, 리플릿 제작 배포가 필요하다. 둘째, 독도 이용개발에 있어서 육상의 경우에는 자연환 경에 의한 풍화작용 등의 영향으로 바위가 훼손되는 현상을 지속적으로 모니터링 해야 한다. 셋째, 독도 해양 및 환경자료 활용을 확대하여 독도 통합관측시스템을 구축 및 운영하 여 실시간 서비스 제공도 지속적이어야 한다.

Purpose – Recently, the fourth industrial revolution is rapidly progressing, and the central government-led innovation system is not able to flexibly cope with changes in science and the economy and society. To solve these problems, it is necessary for local governments, which can easily identify and flexibly respond to local sites, to become self-centered and ready to respond more quickly to massive changes. Through this research, this study investigated the awareness of the elements of Jeonnam Province's capabilities in the field of science and technology policy, the importance of R&D, and how network cooperation among the base institutions might affect performance. Research design, data, and methodology – In fact, the data used in this study only 115 people were polled, excluding five who did not respond to the necessary variables. The methods of the survey were sampled, and the means of the survey were investigated via a self-contained electronic file (e-mail). Statistical analysis, including hypothesis verification, was performed by SPSS 19. The regression analysis was used. Results – All factors significantly affect performance by dividing them into five sub-fields: R&D strategic establishment, R&D demand survey, R&D planning, R&D evaluation, and R&D project management. These results suggest the importance and need for local scientific technology policy capabilities. Besides, it was confirmed that the relationship between regional science and technology policy capabilities and performance was moderated by the recognition of the importance of science technology and network cooperation among the core organizations. Conclusions – As a result, independent variables regarding the capabilities of each scientific technology policy were found to be statistically significant and have a significant effect on performance. Second, the regression analysis has shown the moderation effects of R&D importance awareness between the capabilities of science and technology policies and their performance. On the other hand, a regression analysis showing that the capabilities of science and technology policies and network cooperation between the base regions were not significant, indicating that there is no effect of moderation of network cooperation between the base regions between the capabilities of science and technology policies and performance.

The Science and Technology process focuses on a number of areas where science and technology development provides a major opportunity to innovate water resources management. A number of areas have been carefully selected and are described below. Main focus 1: Efficient water management Today’s water management continues to be highly inefficient in many respects, seriously hampering the sustainable management of water resources, delivery of services and the protection of human health and the environment. In the years to come, major efforts will need to be made to improve water efficiency as a means to secure water resources, adapt to climate change, or operate water services systems at lower costs. Sub Focus: Urban water efficiency, Agricultural water efficiency, Industrial water efficiency, Energy efficiency in water and waste water systems Main focus 2: Resource recovery from water and waste-water systems Increasingly, water and waste-water systems are recognized as potential sources of recovering water, energy, nutrients and other materials. At the same time, the re-use of waste water in agricultural, industrial and urban applications is gaining momentum. The development of re-use and recycling within the water and waste-water sectors provides major opportunities for improving environmental performance, creating climate benefits and reducing costs. Sub Focus: Water re-use and recycling technologies, Energy recovery and production from water and waste water cycles, Nutrients recovery from waste water Main focus 3: Water and Natural disasters As the devastating impact of recent natural disasters such as the flood occurred in Thailand in 2011, indicates, mankind is vulnerable to extreme weather events in developing and even in developed countries. Clearly, such extreme events have always been part of our life and may be caused by climate change. This makes water related problems, especially, such as floods and droughts, more difficult to analyze and predict. Climate change is predicted to have a range of serious consequences, some of which will have impact over the longer term, like droughts, while some have immediate and obvious impacts, such as intense rain and flooding. Floods and droughts are major natural disasters involving loss of life and the destruction of property. So, we may need advanced technologies and measures in order to cope with natural disasters. Sub Focus: Climate change : impact assessment and adaptation, Drought analysis and management, Urban floods and damage reduction studies, RS and GIS applications for natural hazards Main focus 4: Smart technology for Water Water management is increasingly influenced by developments in Smart Technology(ST). Better use of this ST in measuring, monitoring and distributing water can lead to a significant contribution in overcoming water management challenges in the 21st century. Bridging the ‘divide’ between the water and ST sectors will be important in the development and (wide-scale) application of new smart technologies in the water sector. Sub Focus: Urban and Irrigation water management and ST, Integrated and intelligent river basin water management and ST, Design and implementation of smart water grid, Water resources management and Big Data Main focus 5: Understanding and managing ecosystem services for water Ecosystems provide valuable services underpinning water security and the sustainable management of water resources. In recent years, major advances have been made in understanding the role of ecosystems in, for example, reducing floods, recharging aquifers, or protecting and improving water quality. Sub Focus: The science and technology of natural and green infrastructure management, The economic valuation of ecosystem services for water, The payment for ecosystem services for water quality and delivery

The next generation small satellite-1 (NEXTSat-1) program has been kicked off in 2012, and it will be launched in 2016 for the science missions and the verification of space core technologies. The payloads for these science missions are the Instrument for the Study of Space Storms (ISSS) and NIR Imaging Spectrometer for Star formation history (NISS). The ISSS and the NISS have been developed by Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and Korea Astronomy and Space science Institute (KASI) respectively. The ISSS detects plasma densities and particle fluxes of 10 MeV energy range near the Earth and the NISS uses spectrometer. In order to verify the spacecraft core technologies in the space, the total of 7 space core technologies (SCT) will be applied to the NEXTSat-1 for space verification and those are under development. Thus, the operation modes for the ISSS and the NISS for space science missions and 7 SCTs for technology missions are analyzed for the required operation time during the NEXTSat-1’s mission life time of 2 years. In this paper, the operational concept of the NEXTSat-1’s science missions as well as the verification of space core technologies are presented considering constraints of volume, mass, and power after launch.