The Korean aquaculture industry was generally began in the 1970s and has gradually increased. Now, the number of households is about 7,068 and the scale of an aquaculture farm is about 248,014 ha; the value of all production in the industry is estimated to be about 1602.2 billion won. The aquaculture industry is very valuable and important for future food resources. However, the aquaculture industry was damaged by several marine ecological disturbance causing organisms. The Ascdiella aspersa colonized on the shell of scallop and then scallops were detached from rope. The patterns of damage in the aquacultures were observed in Tongyeong (oyster), Geojedo (oyster), and Gangneung (sea squirt) in June, 2017, as well as in Tongyeong (oyster) in November, 2017 by SCUBA divers. The species Halichondria bowerbanki, Bugula neritina, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Balanus amphitrite, Ascidiella aspersa, Ciona intestinalis, Didemnum sp, Styela plicata in Tongyeong, M. galloprovincialis, A. aspersa, C. intestinalis, D. vexillum, S. plicata in Geojedo, and M. galloprovincialis in Gangneung were all usually found in their farms. The marine ecological disturbance causing organisms gave rise to a reduced number of aquaculture products.

In this study, the fauna of freshwater fish were investigated from March until October of 2016 in 24 independent streams in the Jeonnam and Jeonbuk provinces, which were flowing into the Yellow Sea. The health of the aquatic ecosystem in those streams was assessed through the biological and abiological character index (BAc index). During the surveyed period, a total of 4,127 individuals were collected; they belonged to 59 species of 44 genera in 18 families. The most dominant species identified was Zacco platypus, and 12 species were endemic species of Korea, including Rhodeus uyekii. The BAc index indicated a statistically significant correlation (p<0.01 or 0.05). The stage distribution of the aquatic ecosystem health assessment showed the highest rating of 41.7% at the “Fair” stage. The “Good” and “Poor” stages accounted for 20.8% while the “Excellent” stage took up 16.7%. It has been confirmed that the aquatic ecosystem health of independent streams is influenced more by the abiological character index as a consequence of geographical characteristics and artificial/natural limiting factors, than by the biological character index.

벌목 개미과 두마디개미아과(Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)의 Solenopsis invicta Buren, 1972가 국내 부산항에서 처음 발견되 어 농림축산검역본부에 의해 신속하게 제거되었다.

In this study, total mercury (THg) variations of Black-tailed Gull (Larus crassirostris) eggs laid on Baengnyeongdo, West Sea of Korea were compared between within- and among clutch in order to ensure statistical representativeness of an egg sampling method. In the ANOVA analysis, the THg variation (59%) among clutches was much higher than within-clutch (27%). This means that the mercury variation of sampled eggs was significantly influenced by the mercury variation among female individuals occupying different nests. In spite of relatively smaller variation of THg in the within-clutch, the THg concentration depending on an egg-laying sequence within a clutch significantly appeared higher in the first-laid eggs rather than the second-laid eggs. Therefore, it is necessary to take one egg from one nest in order to sample more nests in terms of better sampling representativeness. Also, one egg selection from one nest should be consistently applied in order to ensure comparability of mercury concentrations among monitoring sites and monitoring years.

This study is aimed to analyze the change of chinese fishing vessels’entry into the East Sea off North Korea and suggest directions for countermeasures. Based on the real landing data in China, Chinese fishing vessels’squid catch volume and value in the East Sea off North Korea are estimated. Results show that at least 205 thousand tons of squid was caught by Chinese fishing vessels in 2014. If the catch amount is calculated by the unit price per kilogram at the same year in Korea, it would be 556.3 billion KRW. As the UN sanctions become stricter with the recent resolution 2371 passed, Chinese fishing vessels’entry may increase in the future to compensate decreased seafood supply from North Korea. Even though there are not many options left for Korea to decrease the impact of Chinese depletive fishing, the study suggests countermeasures such as strengthening cooperative crack down on the Chinese illegal fishing vessels in Korean waters; increasing cooperation with UN member countries to incorporate banning the trade of fishing rights in the next UN sanctions; establishing regional fisheries management organization and managing migratory species with China and Japan cooperatively in the long term.

Distribution and composition of the seabed litters in the exclusive economic zone of the West Sea of South Korea including 18 sea-blocks were investigated using a bottom trawl gear of the R/V Tamgtu 20 (National Institute of Fisheries Science) from 24th April 2011 to 4th May 2012. Each trawl shot was conducted for an hour in each sea-block and the total trawl shots was 18. As a result, 325.6 kg of seabed litter in total has been collected.　The quantity of the seabed litter was highest at No. 202 of the sea-block, close to the Heuksan-Do. The highest occupied sea material was plastic (83.1% of entire seabed litters), the second highest material was metal combined with plastic (10.6%), and glass (2.9%), metals (2.3%), vinyl (0.6%), cloth (0.4%) and wood (0.2%) in order. The origin of seabed litters was from fishing gear (89.0% of all seabed litters). Therefore, it could be assumed that most seabed litters were derived from the fishing activity for example fishing nets and ropes.

This study was conducted to understand the relationships between fish and zooplankton of distribution in the coastal waters of the East Sea from May to August 2016 using hydroacoustic. To distinguish between fish and zooplankton, we used the time varied threshold (TVT) method at the frequency of 120 kHz. As a result, the mean nautical area scattering coefficient (NASC) of fish was highest at 913 m2/n.mile2 in June and lowest at 315 m2/n.mile2 in July. The mean NASC of zooplankton was highest at 247 m2/n.mile2 in May and lowest at 70 m2/n.mile2 in July. The mean NASC of fish and zooplankton showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) with high correlation (R2 = 0.84). In addition, there was no significant difference in the mean NASC of fishes and zooplankton by depth (t-test, person correction = -0.17, p > 0.05).

The age and growth of pointhead flounder, Hippoglossoides pinetorum caught by gill nets was analyzed in this study from March 2015 to July 2017. New annuli were formed in H. pinetorum otoliths annually, and the boundary was set between the opaque and translucent zones from March and April. The relationships between total length (TL) and body weight (BW) were BW = 0.0025 TL3.409 (r2 = 0.9551) for females and BW = 0.0057 TL3.138 (r2 = 0.9163) for males. In this study, the ring of pointhead flounder, H. pinetorum was formed between 3 and 8 for females and between 3 and 6 for males. Total length (TL) and otolith radius (OR) were measured as follows: TL = 7.142 OR + 0.769 (r2 = 0.793) for females and TL = 6.498 OR + 1.706 (r2 = 0.652) for males. The mean distances of first ring (r1) were 0.92 mm and 0.91 mm for females and males respectively. The TLs at the time of annulus formation, back-calculated from the otolith-length relationship by reference to the von Bertalanffy growth curves, were Lt = 43.59 (1-e-0.15(t+0.007)) for females and Lt = 28.13 (1-e-0.26(t+0.006)) for males while the growth between female and male was different.

Comparative fishing experiments were conducted in the eastern coastal waters near Uljin, Korea from 2002 to 2004, using the experimental trammel nets to estimate the selectivity for spinyhead sculpin Dasycottus setiger. The inner panels of the nets were made of nylon monofilament with four mesh sizes (82.2, 89.4, 104.8, and 120.2 mm) while its two outer panels were made of twisted nylon multifilament with a mesh size of 510 mm. The SELECT (Share Each Length’s Catch Total) procedure with maximum likelihood method was applied to obtain a master selection curve. The different functional models (normal, lognormal, bi-normal, and logistic model) were fitted to the catch data. The lognormal model with the fixed relative fishing intensity was chosen as the best-fitted selection curve through comparison of model deviance and AIC (Akaike’s Information Criterion). The optimum relative length (the ratio of fish total length to mesh size) with the maximum relative efficiency was obtained as 2.492.

정전협정 이후 북한은 현재까지 지속적인 대남도발을 자행해 오고 있다. 2016년 실시한 제4차 핵실험과 장거리 미사일 발사시험 그리고 제5차 핵실험, 이듬해인 2017년의 제6차 핵실험까지 이어지는 북한의 도발에 따라 국제사회는 크게 반발하여 유엔안보리 결의 제2375호를 포함한 강력한 대북제재결의안들을 채택하였다. 이에는 북한선박의 위장 국적변경 관련 편의치적 선박에 대한 전례 없는 제재내용이 포함되어 있으며, 북한이 더 이상 안보리결의에 따른 제재를 회피하지 못하게 하려는 의도가 담겨있다. 그러나 북한은 이에 굴하지 않고 지속적으로 도발을 실시하고 있으며, 결의안 채택 이후 곧바로 외무성을 통하여 결의에 대한 전면배격 통보를 하는 등위의 결의의 요구대로 행동하지 않겠다는 의지를 표명하고 있다. 이는 지금까지 북한이 여러 가지 방법을 통하여 국제제재를 회피해 왔으며, 이번 대북제재도 비슷한 방식으로 빠져나갈 수 있을 거라는 인식이 바탕에 깔려있기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 북한이 지금까지와 마찬가지로 대북제재를 어렵지 않게 회피한다면 대남․대미 도발과 핵실험 등을 계속할 것이고 우리나라의 국가안보는 계속 불안정한 상태에 놓이게 될 것이다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 선박 국적제도의 발전과정과 편의치적제도의 등장 및 현황, 편의치적 북한선박과 일반적인 편의치적 상선과의 차이를 검토하였다. 또한, 북한선박의 국적세탁을 제재하고 있는 유안엔전보장이사회 결의안의 법적 구속력에 대해 고찰하였으며, 국적을 세탁한 북한선박에 대한 PSI를 통한 차단의 실행을 검토하였다. 결론적으로 북한선박의 편의치적과 일반 상선의 편의치적은 목적과 그로 얻을 수 있는 이익의 차이가 있으며, 북한의 선박 편의치적은 유엔회원국 등록취소 및 재등록 금지를 명시한 안보리 결의에 의하여 위법한 행위로 규정되었다. 또 안보리 결의로 인하여 PSI를 통한 편의치적 북한선박의 차단은 그 정당성이 확보되었다고 볼 수 있기 때문에 PSI를 근거로 제주해협과 제주남방해역을 통과하는 편의치적 북한선박을 차단하여 대북제재의 효과를 높일 수 있을 것이다.