Using a partial D-loop sequence of mtDNA, a comprehensive molecular evolutionary analysis was performed of the maternal lineages of the Jeju native pigs(JNPs) that presented in Jeju Island. A total of 100 DNA sequences from Asian domestic pigs(ADP), European domestic pigs(EDP), Asian wild boars(AWB), European wild boars(EWB), and JNPs were used for the molecular evolutionary analyses including phylogeny and network analyses. The most fitted model for the phylogenetic analysis was determined using hierarchical likelihood-ratio tests conducted by MrModeltest implemented in the PAUP package. A consensus tree was established from 5,000,000 iterations using the MR BAYS program. Three recognizable JNP groups–one(JNPE) in the European cluster and two(JNPA1 and JNPA2) in the Asian cluster–were detected in the estimated phylogenetic tree and network. The maternal lineage of JNPE was the most adjacent to that of EWB and a clear haplogroup sharing an identical haplotype(hap16) among 15 individuals of JNPE and 2 individuals of EWB was detected.

Worldwide, increasing numbers insecticide resistant insect is one of the main problem in this agricultural era. To manage the insecticide resistance, IRAC suggest some tips for farmers : 1. Sequence or alteration of insecticide based on MOA 2. Choosing the effective insecticide. In this point raised following question : How to distinguish the effective or non-effective insecticide. Until now, bioassay is the right answer. However that is a very time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly process, so we were hoping that molecular based diagnosis could be alternate. It can summarized following steps : 1. Identification of insecticide resistance mechanism 2. Marker development 3. Molecular diagnosis 4. Selection of non-effective insecticide. Here we focused on the development of insecticide resistance marker. Point mutation in target site of insecticide is a good example. Up or down-regulation of specific gene and/or existence of chimeric gene is another example from Helicoverpa armigera.

Currently, phylogenetic relationships of Macroheterocera with the inclusion of Bombycoidea have been reconstructed using molecular data, but generated several hypotheses on familial relationships within Bombycoidea and among-superfamilial relationships within Macroheterocera. Thus, in this study, mitogenome-based superfamilial relationships of Macroheterocera and familial relationships among macroheteroceran superfamily, Bombycoidea, were tested with different algorithms and partition schemes. Additionally, two unrecorded species of Bombycoidea (Saturnia jonasii and Kentrochrysalis streckeri) detected in Korea using morphological and molecular data are presented.

The bluetongue is a serious vector-borne viral disease that affect wild and domestic ruminants. It is transmitted by midges belonging to the genus of Culicoides which count more than 1350 species. Since 1998, the disease has been spread in Europe and North Africa in 2000 including Algeria, while Korea reported serotype 1 of the virus on 2015. To know further about the existence and distribution of Culicoides species in Algeria, adult midges were collected from 17 different regions in Algeria from 2009 to 2015. The Interactive Identification Key of Culicoides (IIKC) has been used, followed by molecular identification by the sequencing of partial COI gene. At least 21 genetically different species have been identified. Among them, at least 5 potential virus vector species are present in Algeria. This study provides important insights for the understanding of genetic diversity of Culicoides and the existing potential of bluetongue spread in Algeria.

Differentiation of Pleurotus eryngii is laborious and time-consuming tasks especially in mycelial status. For development of a method for differentiation of P. eryngii cultivars, simple sequence repeats (SSR) from whole genomic DNA sequence analysis was used for genotyping and two multiplex-SSR primer sets were developed. These SSR primer sets were employed to distinguish 12 cultivars and strains. Five polymorphic markers were selected based on the genotypes. PCR with the each primer produced one to four distinct bands ranging in size from 200 to 300 bp. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values of the five markers were in range of 0.6627 to 0.6848 with an average of 0.6775. Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean clustering analysis based on genetic distances using five SSR markers classified 12 cultivars into 2 clusters. Cluster I and II comprised of 4 and 8 cultivars, respectively. Two multiplex sets, Multi-1 (SSR312 and SSR366) and Multi-2 (SSR178 and SSR277) completely discriminated 12 cultivar and strains with 21 allele with a PIC value of 0.9090. These results might be useful to provide an efficient method for the identification of P. eryngii cultivars with separate PCR reactions. (This work was supported by a grant from the Golded Seed Project (213003-04-3-SBY20), MIFAFF, Republic of Korea.]

Na+/K+-ATPase is a membrane protein and plays a key role in osmotic regulation in living organisms. In the present study, a cDNA sequence encoding the Na+/K+-ATPase alpha subunit from the monogonont rotifer, Brachionus koreanus was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends technique. To investigate the role of this enzyme in osmotic stress, enzymatic activities of Na+/K+-ATPase were measured after exposure to different salinities for 48 h. The full-length Bk Na+/K+-ATPase cDNA was 3069 bp-long, encoding a 1022-amino acid polypeptide. Bk Na+/K+- ATPase possesses eight membrane spanning regions and five conserved domains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Bk Na+/K+-ATPase had high identity with those of other species, and was closely clustered with other Brachionus sp. These findings indicate that this protein was conserved both structurally and functionally. B. koreanus Na+/K+-ATPase activity was stimulated in both hyposaline (6 psu) and hypersaline (32 psu) conditions, suggesting that this protein may play a role in osmoregulation. This study would provide better understanding of the physiology of B. koreanus and this enzyme may be useful as a molecular marker for evaluation of osmotic stress in aquatic environment.

Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) induced necrotic enteritis (NE) and related subclinical disease has become economically significant problems for the broiler industry. The objectives of this study were to determine the toxinotype and the antimicrobial susceptibility of C. perfringens isolated from the intestine of NE-suspicious and clinically healthy chickens in Korea. All of the 110 isolates belong to C. perfringens type A. In addition, these strains harbored the luxS, colA, virS, cpb2, netB and tpeL genes in high percentage order. They do not harbor the cpe gene encoding enterotoxin production. Our results suggest the important roles of the several toxin genes in the pathogenesis of NE except α-toxin, previously thought to be the major virulence factor. In the antimicrobial susceptibility test of 13 antimicrobial agents, none of them is completely susceptible in this study. Remarkably NE-suspicious chickens have higher resistant value than health ones in all of antimicrobial agents. The presence of tetracycline-resistance genes were also tested to analyze the correlation of genotype and phenotype.

비용매 유도 상분리(NIPS) 법으로 제조된 폴리이미드 전구체를 이용하여 탄소분자체 중공사 분리막을 제조하였 으며, 온도변화에 따른 열처리 조건이 탄소분자체 중공사막의 기체 분리 특성에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 열처리 온도 250~ 450°C에서 승온 속도, 안정화 시간을 조정하여 최적화 하였을 때, 중공사 분리막의 단일기체 N2, SF6, CF4 투과도는 각각 20, 0.32, 0.48 GPU이었고, N2/SF6 선택도는 62, N2/CF4 선택도는 42로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. SF6/CF4/N2 혼합기체 평가 에서는 0.5 MPa에서 stage cut이 0.2일 때, SF6, CF4 회수율이 각각 99, 98% 이상으로 높게 나타났고, 농축농도는 stage cut 0.8에서 주입농도의 4.5배 이상이었다. 이로부터 제조된 탄소분자체 중공사 분리막은 불화가스 회수용 분리막으로써 우수한 소재임을 확인할 수 있었다.

전기 탈이온 공정(EDI)은 전기투석법과 이온교환수지법을 혼합한 공정으로 알려져 있고, 모듈은 전기투석을 위한 양이온교환막과 음이온교환막 사이에 이온 교환수지를 채워 넣는 형태로 제조된다. 모듈 제조에 사용되는 양이온교환막을 고무상의 고분자 SEBS triblock copolymer를 이용하여 sulfonation을 진행하여 S-SEBS 양이온교환막을 제조하였다. 제조된 양이온교환막의 특성평가를 진행하였고, 술폰화시킨 SEBS, 물 분자, 히드로늄 이온을 모델링하여 술폰화시킨 SEBS, 히드로늄 이온과 물분자의 의 동역학을 분자동역학시뮬레이션을 이용해서 살펴 본 뒤 비교분석을 진행했다.

분자 전산모사는 다양한 화학물질들을 원자 및 분자 수준에서 모델화하여 전산모사를 수행하는 방법으로서, 실험적으로 분석하기 어려운 화학 구조상의 특 징들이 그 물질의 특성에 미치는 영향을 파악하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다. 특히, 고분자 분리막의 경우 화학구조가 복잡하고, 이런 복잡한 요소들이 전체 특성에 영향을 미치기 때문에 원자나 분자들의 개별적인 영향을 파악하기 매우 어렵기 때문에, 분자 전산모사 기술이 유용하게 활용되어질 수 있다. 본 발표에서는 다양한 분자 전산모사 기술의 장단점 및 가능성/한계 등을 소개하여 분리막 연구 자 들이 분자 전산모사 기술을 활용하는 데에 있어서 도움을 주고자 한다.

기체분리막의 기체의 투과거동은 대부분 실험적으로 계획되고 실험이나 이론 만으로 검증을 하는 수준에 머무르고 있다가, 최근에 들어서 분자동력학적인 모 사방법(Molecular Dyanmic Simulation)을 이용하여 고분자의 거동, 기체분자의 거동을 컴퓨터를 이용하여 분자수준에서 모사하고 이해하고자 하는 노기체의 확산계수와 비교를 통하여 확산거동에 대한 이해를 높이고자 시도하 였으며, 기체확산계수가 관능기 력들을 기울이고 있으며, 실험적인 결과들과 모사결과를 비교하여 고분자의 설계나 기체분자의 거동의 이해를 하는데 기여를 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기체분리막 으로서 사용이 되는 폴리이미드나 폴리벤즈옥사졸같은 탄화수소계 고분자분리 막의 기체 분자의 투과거동을 모사하고자 하였다. PEG를 포함하는 폴리이미드 공중합체에서 폴리에틸렌 부분과 같은 관능기그룹의 밀도로 확산계수를 계산하여 그룹이 많은 부분에서 증가하는 것을 확인하였고, 이는 기체투과 테스트의 실험데이터와 거의 일치하였다.