본 연구는 우리나라 무스카리 우점품종인 ‘Early Giant’ 의 대량증식 체계를 구축하기 위하여 잎 절편으로부터 소인경 형성과 비대에 미치는 MS 무기염 농도, 당 농도 및 광조건의 영향을 조사하였다. 무스카리의 잎 절편을 2주간 암 배양 후 MS 기본배지에 NAA 0.01mg·L−1, kinetin 0.2 m·L−1, 자당 30 g·L−1와 gelrite 3 g·L−1가 첨가된 배지에 16시간 일장으로 명 배양하였을 때 자구형 성 및 생육이 가장 양호하였다. 다만, 자구 비대는 MS 배지 내 60 g·L−1 당 농도에서 촉진되었다. 온실에서 순 화된 식물체는 정상적으로 개화하였으며 정식 2년차에 1.5개 내외의 자구를 가진 구를 생산할 수 있었다.

Currently, dental implants are generally used for reconstruction of oromaxillofacial defects. Implants are widely used in dental and medical fields. The materials of implants are variable such as metals and ceramics. The materials of implants must be have not toxicity and biocompatibility to host and mechanical(physical) strength. Bones must be attached to titanium surface without any other tissues. many researcher's had studied for raising the osseointegration through various method which are including implants designs and materials. It was reported over 95% success ratio. many researcher's study the methods which are enhancing the speed of bone remodelling and osseointegration. Thermo dynamic therapy is one of the method to accelerlate the speed of bone remodelling and osseointegration. Thus it raise stability of implants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of diode laser irradiation for ossoeintegration in implant interface and between the implants threads. 24 New Zealand white rabbits which were about 3kg weight, used for experiment. 2 implant's were implanted every rabbit's tibia. 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks after implantation, tissue sample were removed from sacrificed rabbit's tibia. 8 rabbit's were sacrificed every 2, 4, 8 weeks and undecalcified sample were made from tissue sample. We have investigated the undecalcified samples by back scattered electron microscope. We have analysied the length rate and area rate in implant interface and inside the threads. The results were as follows. 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks experimental groups which were irradiated low level laser therapy showed rapid bone remodelling than control groups. It was suggested that Initial bone remodelling may be effected by LLLT because of implant bone contact ratio between 4th weeks and 8th weeks had no siginifant difference. Initial bone remodelling may be more influenced than later bone remodelling by LLLT because of new bone formation area ratio between implant threads had no significant differences during 4th to 8th weeks. According to above results, low level laser irradiation accerlate the new bone formation in implant interface and inside the implants threads at initial stage. there were many factors which are increasing the bone remodelling, because there were many differences between experimental and control groups. Low level laser irradiation were helpful for increasing the initial stage of bone remodelling because of above results.

A number of bacterial species coexist in oral cavities as a biofilm rather than a planktonic arrangement. By forming an oral biofilm with quorum sensing properties, microorganisms can develop a higher pathogenic potential and stronger resistance to the host immune system and antibiotics. Hence, the inhibition of biofilm formation has become a major research issue for the future prevention and treatment of oral diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of pentose on biofilm formation and phenotypic changes using wild type oral bacteria obtained from healthy human saliva. D-ribose and D-arabinose were found to inhibit biofilm formation, but have no effects on the growth of each oral bacterium tested. Pentoses may thus be good candidate biofilm inhibitors without growth-inhibition activity and be employed for the future prevention or treatment of oral diseases.

Selenium (Se) obtained from dietary sources is an essential micronutrient for normal body function and it functions as an essential constituent of selenoproteins. We investigated the influence of Se on the formation of colonic aberrant crpyt foci (ACF) and tumor formation induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in male ICR mice. Five-week old ICR mice were acclimated for one week and fed on the low iron diet (LFe, 4.5 ppm) and different Se diet [Lse (0.02 ppm), Normal Se (0.1 ppm), HSe (0.5 ppm)] for 12 weeks. Animals received intraperitoneal injections of AOM (10㎎/㎏ B.W. in saline weekly for 3 weeks), followed by 2% DSS (molecular weight 36,000～50,000) in the drinking water for a week. There were five experimental groups, including a normal control group, AOM/DSS, LFe+AOM/DSS, LFe+AOM/DSS+LSe, LFe+AOM/DSS+HSe. After sacrifice of animals, the total numbers of AC and ACF were measured in the colonic mucosa. The number of mice bearing tumors was expressed as tumor incidence rate. The iron and selenium liver concentration was measured using ICP-AES. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was determined using a GPx assay kit in the liver and colon. TUNEL and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining were performed to examine the cell apoptosis and cell proliferation. In addition, immunohistochemistry of β-catenin was also performed on the mucous membrane tissue of colon. In AOM/DSS-induced colon carcinogenesis animal model, LFe diet decreased the number of 2.95±2.5 ACF/cm2 to 1.85±1.1 ACF/cm2 but it increased the total number of 5.06±4.2 AC/cm2 to 6.19±4.8 AC/cm2 compared with normal iron diet. In the iron-deficient mice, selenium did not affect the either the number of ACF or AC. The tumor incidence rate was higher in LFe diet groups than in normal iron diet group and high selenium diet weakly reduced the tumor incidence. Low selenium diet decreased the activity of GPx in the liver and colon. Apoptotic positive cells were decreased in the low selenium diet group. In addition, on the β-catenin staining, positive cells were increased in the low selenium diet group while they were decreased in the high selenium diet group. These findings indicate that the dietary levels of selenium was not highly enough to exhibit a significant protection against colon carcinogenesis in the iron-deficient mice. However, our results also indicate that dietary selenium might exert a protecting effect against colon cancer by increasing GPx activity and apoptosis and by inhibiting cell proliferation and β-catenin over-expression.

최근 수치해석 연구에 의하면 회전하는 원기둥 후류에서 비정상유동의 특이한 변화가 예측되었다. Re가 40보다 큰 흐름 속에서 원기둥이 회전하면 먼저 일반적인 칼만 와흘림이 발생하고 회전속도가 일정 속도에 이르면 와흘림이 억제되어 준정상 상태가 나타난다. 회전속도를 더 증가 시키면 상대적으로 장주기의 2차 와흘림이 나타나는데 이때 저항의 감소와 평균 양력의 증가가 수반된다. 그러나 일정 회전속도에서 예측되는 저항의 갑작스러운 변화에 대해서는 아직 상세하게 분석된 바가 없다. 본 연구에서는 가상경계법을 이용하여 레이놀즈수가 60과 100일 때 실린더의 회전속도비를 0<α<6까지 변화시키며 회전하는 실린더 주위의 유동해석을 수행하였다. 본 연구 결과 Re=60일 경우 1차 천이영역은 α=1.4일 때 발생하였고 2차 와흘림은 5.2<α<5.4일 때 형성되었다. Re=100일 경우 1차 천이영역은 α=2.0일 때 발생하였고, 2차 와흘림은 4.8<α<5.0일 때 형성되었다. 그러나 갑작스런 저항의 변화는 나타나지 않음으로써 이에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

According to it, a final goal of this study sets up ‘Renovation of the Red brick architecture’ and development of theoretical foundation and substantial conservation about Red brick architecture through historical records must be settled without delay. Firstly, it analyzes related terminology and adjusts brick architecture's history and features for architectural authenticity about Red brick architecture. It would study production and construction process of brick in korea. From analysis of records, brick of traditional meaning is ‘Jeondol’ and western brick of modern meaning is ‘Red brick’. ‘Brick’ defines a common designation. This study shows definition of words based on documents published until 19th century and a korean language and architecture terms dictionary. In view of this results, the meaning of brick which combines different types extensively uses ‘Chu(甃)’, ‘Jeon(塼, 磚, 甎)’, ‘Byeok(甓)’ according to the purpose of use and the current of the times. In case of ‘Jeon’, it uses jointly different types such as ‘塼’, ‘磚’, ‘甎’. but ‘塼’ is frequently used. Even though these words like ‘byeok(甓)’ used individual or combination types until the late 19th century, there is no use because of japanese terms in japanese colonial. After liberation, it was the term of the traditional brick. Brick is generally used through modern times. In an unabridged Korean language dictionary, it defines this term as orthodox korean ‘壁乭’ and ‘甓乭’. At that time of japanese colonial, ‘Yeonwa(煉瓦)’ used in combination with brick. Due to influence it, it partly uses until now but it is not in common use. Also, a Korean language dictionary contains transcription of ‘Yeonwa’ with same definition as ‘Byeokdol(甓乭)’. In the other side, it results from translating japanese into Korean. It would make exact definition of ‘Yeonwa’.

To manufacture a carbon/carbon composite the coal tar pitch was used as the matrix precursor and the PAN (polyacrylonitrile)-based carbon fiber was used as the reinforcing material to weave 3-directional preform. For pressure carbonization HIP equipment was used to produce a maximum temperature of 1000℃ and a maximum pressure of 100 MPa. The carbonization was induced by altering the dwell temperature between 250℃ and 420℃, which is an ideal temperature for the moderate growth of the mesophase nucleus that forms within the molten pitch during the pressure carbonization process. The application of high pressure during the carbonization process inhibits the mesophase growth and leads to the formation of spherical carbon particles that are approximately 30 nm in size. Most particles were spherical, but some particles were irregularly shaped. The spread of the carbon particles was larger on the surface of the carbon fiber than in the interior of the matrix pocket.

Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda) Th. M. Fr. (=R. rubescens Tul. & Tul.), known as “shoro” in Japan, is a hypogeous basidiomycete that is an important ectomycorrhizal symbiont of the Pinaceae. Rhizopogon roseolus produced a fruiting body with a basic globose to subglobose shape. Basidiospores were encompassed in a glebal chamber in the fruiting body. However, little is known about basidiosporogenesis and nuclear behavior after karyogamy. We treated R. roseolus glebar chambers with Gimsa acid and observed their hymenium microscopically to characterize nuclear behavior and basidiosporogenesis. Our observations revealed the following five characteristics: ⅰ) meiosis and postmeiotic mitosis took place in the basidium; ⅱ) meiosis occurred in the center of the basidium; ⅲ) the sterigma appeared when the first meiotic division occurred; ⅳ) the center of the basidium constricted slightly when the second meiotic division occurred; ⅴ) after postmeiotic mitosis, asynchronous nuclear migration from the basidium to the basidiospores took place, producing eight uninucleate basidiospores. However, unusual nuclear behavior was frequently observed, indicating that regulations of the timing and the way of nucleus entering to the spores were not exact in R. roseolus.

Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda) Th. M. Fr. (=R. rubescens Tul. & Tul.), known as “shoro” in Japan, is a hypogeous basidiomycete that is an important ectomycorrhizal symbiont of Pinaceae. In order to cultivate this edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom, several researches have tried to promote mycorrhization of this mushroom on host Pinus thunbergii roots: Pine seedlings were inoculated with mycelium in vitro, or with crushed fruiting bodies in nature. However, successful cultivation of this mushroom has not been fully refined. We have developed the useful mycelial inoculum that enable to produced abundant ectomycorrhizas and then to form fruiting body under greenhouse nursery conditions. We selected the superior strain that rapidly colonized and produced a lot of ectomycorrhizas in root of P. thunbergii． The mycelial inoculum was composed of mineral solution and homogenate of mycelium that had been cultured in liquid medium. Addition of surfactant in the mycelial inoculum resulted in stimulation of mycorrhzal formations in host roots. When the mycelial inoculum containng surfactant were introduced to the mother plant system in which the colonized seedling had been planted into in the nursery, stimulatally effects were observed on not only mycorrhzation of the seedlings but also fruiting body formation. Genotype analysis using microsatellite markers for R. roseolus showed that fruiting bodies produced in the nursery were originated from the inoculated strain. These results suggest that the mycelial inoculum containg surfactant could be the model of mycelial spawn for “shoro”.

경상북도 포항시 북부해수욕장 부근 일대에 분포하는 마이오세의 두호층에서 산출된 3개의 꼬투리 화석을 Albizia miokalkora Hu and Chaney로 동정하였다. 이 화석은 현재까지 한국, 중국, 일본의 제 3기 마이오세 식물군에서 유일하게 산출되고 있고, 난온대에서 아열대-열대 지역에 걸쳐 광범위하게 나타나지만 종의 다양성은 매우 낮았다고 생각된다. 화석 Albizia miokalkora Hu and Chaney는 난온대와 아열대-열대 기후와 같은 따뜻한 기후에 적응한 식물로 추정된다.

There has been a controversy on the formation mechanism of TiO2 nanotubes. This study was conducted to elucidate the formation mechanism of TiO2 nanotubes. TiO2 nanotubes were prepared by a hydrothermal method. TiO2 nanotubes formation mechanism was investigated by controlling the formation time. It was found that TiO2 nanotubes were formed by growing, not by wrapping of sheets. The phase structure of hydrogen titanate nanotubes was different from that of TiO2 nanotubes. It is important to wash the sodium titanate nanotubes with an acidic solution to get hydrogen titanate nanotubes and then to calcine the hydrogen titanate nanotubes around 400℃ to obtain TiO2 nanotubes.

본 연구는 춘란 야생 변이종의 육종을 위한 기초 자료 를 얻고자 실시하였으며, 야생종의 개화시기를 꽃봉오리, 반개화, 개화, 개화 후 10일, 개화 후 20일의 5단계로 나 누어 자가 수분시킨 후 삭과의 형태적 특성과 발아율을 조사한 결과이다. 착과율은 개화 후 20일에 교배한 것에 서 100%로 가장 높았고, 삭과의 무게는 반개화 때 교배 한 것이 가장 무거웠다. 5단계로 나누어 발아율을 조사한 결과 반개화에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 교배 후 채종 일수를 150일, 165일, 180일의 3단계로 달리하여 발아율 을 조사한 결과에서는 교배 후 채종일수를 150일에 파종 한 종자에서 5%로 가장 높게 나타났다. NaOCl 처리를 통한 발아율을 조사한 결과에서는 2%로 처리한 것에서 53.3%의 발아율을 보여 가장 좋은 결과를 나타내었다.

본 연구는 우리나라 주요 재배종인 Muscari armeniacum ‘Early Giant’ 품종을 사용하여 엽절편체로 부터 직접적으로 신초재생과 체세포배 발생에 미치는 생장조절제의 효과를 구명하였다. 무스카리의 엽조직으 로부터 캘러스 과정을 거치지 않은 직접 신초형성은 2,4-D 0.1 mg·L−1가 함유된 배지에서 가장 좋았다. 반면, 체세포배 발생은 생장조절제를 첨가하지 않는 대조구와 IPA 0.1~1.0 mg·L−1가 함유된 농도의 배지에서 비교적 양호하였다. 무스카리의 엽조직으로부터 재생된 자구를 기외로 이식했을 때 맹아율은 모든 처리구에서 80%이상 으로 높았으며 특히 NAA 0.1mg·L−1, IPA 1.0~3.0mg·L−1 배지에서 재생된 자구의 생장이 양호하였다.

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information for recovering original forms and essences of school athlete clubs by researching historically on the formations, developments and changes of school athlete clubs in Kangwon province which have ex

이 연구는 한문과 교재론 영역 가운데 초등학교 한문 교과서 단원 구성의 원리 와 방안 모색에 중점을 두었다. 단원 구성 방식에서 주목을 요하는 것은 대단원을 묶는 기제가 무엇인가라는 점과 개별 소단원을 어떤 원리에 따라 조직하는가라는 점이다. 단원 구성 체제의 핵심은 소단원의 구성 요소가 무엇이며 어떤 원리에 의해 조직할 수 있을 것인가라는 문제이다. 초등학교 한문 교과서의 주요 변인은 초등학생 학습자, 초등학교 교사 그리고 초등학교 한문 교육과정이다. 그리고 초등학교 한문 교과서 단원 구성에 작용하는 주요 원리를 목표, 활동, 조직 세 가지 층위에서 논의했다. 세 가지 층위는 단원 구성 및 체제와 연계되면서 상호 작용한다. 초등학교 단원 구성의 방안으로 주제 중심 통합 단원 구성을 제안했다. 주제 중 심 통합 단원 구성 방식은 주제를 중심축으로 교육과정의 영역, 내용, 제재, 목표 그리고 교과를 통합하는 방안이다. 그리고 단원 구성 체제 방안으로 교수 학습 활 동 중심 구성 체제를 제시했다. 매체 환경의 변화에 맞추어 향후 초등학교 한문 교과서 제작에 활동 중심의 워 크북 교재와 미디어 활동 자료집이 유효하다. 제작된 교과서의 교실 수업에로의 검증 작업과 국가적 지원 또한 긴요하다