This study was conducted to determine cleaning effects of environmental-friendly washing detergent on milking installation in dairy farms. Milking machine, cooling machine and milking liner were washed by alkaline detergent and acid detergent for first three weeks and alkaline detergent and environmental-friendly detergent for next three weeks and the results get through microorganism and physico-chemistry analysis at the five district dairy farms different from environment. E-coli, coliform, fecal coliform, staphylococcus aureus, fecal streptococcus, prsudomonas aeruginosa and yersinia were not found in all of the dairy farms, and total colony counts were no difference compared with chemical detergent. The water for washing exceeded the determining acceptable level of nitrate nitrogen in the Anseong, Onyang and Cheonan and the remaining substance of washed water was also high levels. The cause of the result was that the level of nitrate nitrogen of water is basically high. Therefore, this study indicated that washing effect is no differences between environmental-friendly detergent and chemical detergent by washing for milking machine and cooling machine. Above all, producing high quality milk is to manage the water quality as well as using detergent.

This study was conducted to examine the effects of a healthy dietary life and purchase of environmental-friendly food materials according to a mother's lifestyles of health and sustainability (LOHAS) attitudes. The subjects consisted of 295 mothers. The findings are summarized as follows. The mother's LOHAS attitude index averaged 3.39 points out of 5 points. High LOHAS attitude items were "I participate actively in separating the trash collection" (4.16 points), and "I recycle dresses that I do not wear by taking them to the recycling center" (4.08 points). In contrast, LOHAS attitude items for "I do community service activity on the weekend" (2.57 points), and "I try to serve in the local community" (2.63 points) scored very low. A high LOHAS behavior index occurred for mothers who were "resource saving", whereas "social welfare" scored low. Mother's intention to purchase environmental-friendly food materials averaged 3.61 points. Mother's health dietary life attitude score averaged 3.52 points. When age, monthly income, and the environmental-friendly food materials purchase ratio of the mother was high, the health dietary life performance was high. The LOHAS attitude index of mothers had an impact on the purchase intention of environmental-friendly food materials in resource saving and environmental-friendly oriented propensity groups. The LOHAS attitude index of mothers impacted healthy dietary life in environmental-friendly, family and health oriented propensity groups.

본 연구는 일당증체량, 90kg 도달일령, 등지방두께, 등심단면적 및 정육율에 영향을 미치는 품종, 성, 농장 규모 및 환경요인의 효과를 추정하였다. 2004년부터 2008년까지 농장 검정된 Landrace종 5,902 두 Yorkshire종 18,022두 및 Duroc종 6,601두 등의 3개 품종 총 30,525두의 자료를 이용하였다. 검정종료일령에 대한 보정을 위하여 모델에 공분산 항목을 포함하여 분 석하였다. 일당증체량, 90kg 도달일령 및 정육율은 중간 규모의 농장에서 유의적으로 우수하게 나타났다. 반면 등지방두께와 등심단면적은 소규모의 농장에서 유의적으 로 우수하게 나타났다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서는 품종, 성, 검정종료년도, 검정종료계절 및 농장 규모간의 유의 적 차이를 나타내었고, 추후 농장규모에 관한 더 많은 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료되어지며, 이러한 연 구가 양돈 산업의 발전에 이바지 할 수 있을 것이다.

There was different between two differential geographical and environmental condition areas on elytra color expression patterns of the multicolored Asian lady beetles (Harmonia axyridis). Especially, it was investigated that expression rates of melanic patterns (conspicua, spectabilis and axyridis) relatively increased in overwintering populations collected in highly mean temperature and longer cumulative daylength area. In addition, in the same collection site, the seasonal difference had influenced on color patterns of H. axyridis. Although these effects didn"t were not observed in the laboratory, environmental conditions such as temperature or cumulative daylength might be factors that gave an effect on color pattern formation.

It is known that individual factors as cognitive, perception, emotion, and motivation may greatly influence on recovery from neurologic region. This study was to investigate the effects of environmental reinforcement through motivation to perform the tasks voluntarily on motor and cognition function in rats with focal ischemic brain injury. Focal ischemic brain injury was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats (15 rats, 250±50 g) through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). And then, experiment groups were randomly divided into three groups; The control group: MCAo induction (n1=5), the environmental reinforcement (ER) group: the application for ER after MCAo induction (n2=5), the environmental reinforcement through motivation (ERM) group: the application for ERM after MCAo induction (n3=5). The climbing test (CT) and the modified limb placing tests (MLPTs) to measure the motor function and the Morris water maze acquisition test (MWMAT) and the Morris water maze retention test (MWMRT) to measure the cognitive function were performed. For the CT, the ERM group was significantly larger than the ER group. For the MLPTs, the ERM group was significantly decreased compared to other groups. For the MWMAT, the time to find the circular platform in the ERM group significantly decreased compared to other groups. For the MWMRT, the time to dwell on the quadrant circular platform in the ERM group was significantly increased compared to other groups. These results suggested that the ERM could improve the motor and cognitive functions in the rats with focal ischemic brain injury.

The studies on the logistics has been mainly centered on the logistics information system and logistics performance on the supply chain for the enterprise's profit making. For sustainable development, it's being required the construction of recycling-oriented system, and it's also necessary to construct the efficient system not only in forward but in reverse channel. In addition, it's required to construct information system for supporting reverse logistics smoothly. In this study of manufacturing enterprises, recognition on the environmental problems is set as the adaptation degree to the national environmental regulations and enterprise's concern to the environmental logistics, and it presents the direction through analyzing the effects of such environmental logistics recognition on reverse logistics information system and performance. In order to achieve these aims, it was performed through combining philological and positive studies.

Environmental Enrichment (EE) alone is not capable of enhancing the fine digit and the forelimb functions. Therefore, we applied modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) under the influence of EE to assess its effect on promoting improved forelimb sensorimotor functions. Focal ischemic brain injury was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats (60 rats, 250±50 g) through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Before MCAO induction, all rats were trained in modified limb placing tests and reaching tasks for 1 week. Then they were randomly divided into three groups: Group I: application of standard environment (SE) after MCAO induction (n=20), Group II: application of EE after MCAO induction (n=20), Group III: MCAO+EE, mCIMT and task-oriented training that was initiated at 10th day after MCAO induction (n=20). We also applied mCIMT (between 9 AM and 5 PM/daily) which included restraining the forelimb ipsilateral to the lesion using the 'Jones & Schallert' method. We assessed the change of modified limb placing, single pellet reaching test and the immunoreactivity of BDNF by immunohistochemistry (pre, 1st, 5th, 10th and 20th day). Group I showed no improved outcome, whereas group II and III significantly improved on the use of the forelimb and the immunoreactivity. The qualitative analysis of the skilled reaching test, of group III showed the greatest improvement in the fine digit and the forelimb function. These results suggest that EE combined with mCIMT is more functional in promoting enhanced fine digit and forelimb functional movements.

경기도 시흥시 정왕동 시화공업단지 내 주식회사 진도종합건설 시화소각장 주변을 생태적으로 건전하게 유지하기 위한 수단으로 생태적 설계에 바탕을 두고 복원사업을 실시하였고, 서울시 노원구의 수락산에 인공 조림된 아까시나무 임분을 복원생태학의 원리에 바탕을 두고 관리하여 그 효과를 평가하였다. 생태학적으로 창조된 숲은 조경 방법을 적용하여 조성된 숲과 비교하여 주변의 자연림과 더 유사한 종 조성을 나타내었고, 종 다양성도 높아 생태적 복원의 효과가 확인되었다

유독성 와편모조류 Alexandrium tamarense 휴면시스트의 발아율을 여러 환경조건하에서 측정하여 각각의 환경요인과 휴면시스트의 발아율과의 관계를 밝히고자 하였다. 마산만에서 채집한 해저니로부터 휴면시스트를 분리하여 실험실 배양을 통해 온도, 광조건의 유무, 염분 그리고 저니층의 깊이에 따른 발아율을 각각 조사하였다. 온도별 발아율은 15℃에서 가장 높았으며 10℃에서도 높은 발아율이 기록된 반면, 20

본 연구는 가축분뇨의 처리형태별 시용수준에 따른 목초의 생산성과 질소의 이용효율 및 질소의 용탈에 의한 환경오염에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 화학비료, 톱밥발효돈분, 무톱밥발효돈분 및 액상발효돈분을 100, 200, 400kgN/ha 수준으로 시용했을 때의 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 화학비료와 분뇨의 처리형태별 목초의 생산성과 사료가치 및 N 생산량에 미치는 시용효과는 화학비료 ＞ 액상발효돈분 ＞ 무톱밥발효돈분 ＞ 톱밥발효돈분의 순이었다(건물수

This study addressed the effects of environmental attitude improved using forest environmental interpretation program. While previous research has focused developing interpretation program itself, this study analyzed the effects that environmental interpretation has improved toward pro-environmental attitude. This program was designed self-guiding interpretive techniques at Mt. Palgongsan Provincial Park. Environmental attitude was measured using 12 statements which was based on fifth-graders attitude scale in U.S.A. Data were collected from 84 elementary school participants in this program. Results showed that attitude scores of participants increased toward pro-environmental attitude. Especially, three statements (interest, safe and benefits of forest) are statistically significant differences between pre- and post survey. Results can be used by outdoor educators to evaluate and plan their environmental interpretation programs and methods.

산성비의 주요 성분인 So2가 peroxidase 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 다양한 농도의 Na2SO3를 포함한 배지에서 벼(Oryza sativa) seedling을 배양하였다. Na2SO3는 볍씨의 발아를 억제시켰으며, 볍씨의 발아율을 50%감소시키는데 필요한 Na2SO3의 농도가 pH 7에서는 300μg/ml, PH5에서는 8μg/ml 이었으나, pH 3

Erwinia rarotovora subsp carotovora에 의한 콩나물 무름병 발생을 인위적인 조건하에서 조사하였다. 콩나물의 재배 온도가 콩나물 무름병 발생과 생장에 미치는 영향은 30℃이상의 고온에서 무름병 발생율이 높아졌으며 35℃에서는 약 22%의 발병율을 나타내었다. 종피와 자엽 부위에 인위적인 상처를 낸 경우 70%이상의 발병율을 보였으며 콩나물의 신장을 억제하였다. 습도는 90%이상 유지시 33%의 발병율을 보였으며 콩나물의 생장을 억제시켰다. 콩나물 재배 배출액을 관수액으로 재이용하였을 때 무름병의 발병율이 증가하였다.

본 연구는 온실내에서 퇴비발효 과정중에 발생하는 암모니아가스의 동태와 퇴비발효에 수반되는 환경의 변화가 토마토의 생육에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 구명하고자 관행온실과 퇴비발효온실의 환경변화를 추적하면서 토마토의 생장과 수량 및 과일의 품질을 비교하였다. 1. 온도는 난방기에 의해 일정온도로 유지되도록 설정하였고 주간에는 25℃이상에서 환기를 하였기 때문에 두 온실간의 차이가 없었다. 2. 퇴비발효온실 지중 l0cm 깊이의 지온은 관행온실보다 주간 약 7℃, 야간 약 10℃ 높았으며, 지중 30cm 깊이의 퇴비발효온실의 지온은 관행온실의 지온보다 약 10-15℃ 높았다. 3. 발효시작후 2, 3, 4, 5, 및 6일째의 암모니아가스 휘산농도는 각각 5.4, 13.3, 114, 114.7 및 117.3ppm으로 상승하였다. 발효후 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 및 14일 째에는 각각 79.3, 41, 41, 54.7 10.7, 20, 82 및 27ppm으로 발효 7일째부터 낮아져서 8일 이후에 현저히 감소하였다. 발효 16일째에는 15.7ppm으로 낮아졌으나 작물에 따라서는 8ppm에서도 암모니아가스 장해를 받을 수 있으므로 본 실험과 같은 조건으로 발효를 시키는 퇴비발효온실에서의 작물 정식은 발효시작 후 약 3주 이후가 되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 4. 관행온실내의 탄산가스 농도는 450ppm 내외인데 비해 퇴비발효온실내의 농도는 발효 후 1개월까지는 약 2500ppm 이상까지 높아졌으며 발효가 시작된 2개월까지는 무환기시 약 1000-1500ppm을 유지하였으며 2개월 이후부터 4개월까지는 약 700-1000ppm이 유지되었다. 5. 주근장을 제외하고는 전체적으로 관행온실보다 퇴비발효온실에서의 토마토 생육이 양호하였다. 특히 경경의 경우 정식 1개월 후부터 그 차이가 뚜렷하게 나타났으며 2개월 후에는 직경 약 1cm의 차이가 나타났다. 엽, 경, 근의 생체중 및 건물중도 생육이 진전됨에 따라 퇴비발효온실에서 현저히 증가하였다. 방울토마토의 경우 개화수와 착과수는 퇴비발효온실에서 높았으며 과중은 거의 비슷하거나 낮았다. 그러나 일반토마토의 경우는 모든 항목이 퇴비발효온실에서 높게 나타나 그 효과가 현저하였다. 퇴비발효온실 방울토마토의 총수확과수와 수확총중량은 생육이 진전됨에 따라 관행온실보다 많아졌으며 일반토마토에서는 그 경향이 현저하였다. 6. 퇴비발효온실에서 재배된 방울토마토의 평균당도는 8.5-9.2인 반면 관행온실에서 재배된 방울토마토의 당도는 7.0-9.0으로 나타났으며 일반토마토의 경우 퇴비발효온실에서의 당도가 6.5-7.5인 반면 관행온실에서는 5.9로 나타나 퇴비발효온실 토마토의 당도가 약 1도 정도 높아졌다.