Eco-friendly materials, such as alternative vegan materials using various fungal resources, are being actively researched to reduce environmental pollution and facilitate a healthy lifestyle. The fungal mycelium-based mushroom mycelium mat is one such emerging material. In this study, the commonly used mushroom mycelium culture method was modified to reduce the time required to produce the mycelium mat, lower the possibility of contamination, and improve the properties and quality of the mat. Shortening the period required for the previously used primary bag culture and secondary mat production culture. A culture method in which the bag culture was omitted was attempted using a mycelium mutated by gamma irradiation to the mycelium of Trametes orientalis. In addition, various nutrients were added to the fungal solution to observe the change in physical properties of the fungal mat. High-quality mycelium mats were produced in the experimental group containing 1.5% CaCO3 in sawdust medium, and the period was also reduced by more than 10 days compared to the existing production method. In the future, for mass producing mycelium mats, additional selection of medium components and optimization of culture conditions are essential.

Recently, the Severe Disaster Punishment Act (January 27, 2022) was implemented, and the importance of industrial safety and health is being re-recognized. In addition, the reality is that the management burden is increasing, such as investing huge costs in reducing safety accidents centered on large companies. In this situation, we would like to help improve the working environment consistent with safety and health by deriving diagnosis and improvement measures for the current situation through a survey of production workers working in mid-sized and small-sized enterprises.

The rate of industrial accident reduction is slowing down as the attention of the Ministry of Employment and Labor and related agencies on risk assessment systems decreased. this paper focuses on weakness of legal system for the risk assessment in recent years. A survey was conducted to identify the status and condition of the risk assessment system applying on small and medium-sized manufacturing companies. A set of questionnaires is designed to reflect various perspectives of the companies regarding the problems and solutions of the system. The results refer that differentiated instructions and support systems in response to the actual conditions of the companies are mandatory to reinforce the efficiency of risk assessment system.

This study aimed to examine cucumber (Cucumis sativus) varieties adaptive to the desert climate by comparing and analyzing the growth, yield, and water consumption. Two long-sized cucumber varieties, ‘Gulfstream’ and ‘Imea’ and two medium-sized cucumbers, ‘Nagene’ and ‘Sausan’ were cultivated in coir substrate hydroponics under hot and humid greenhouse conditions from March 2 to June 20, 2020. On the 113 DAT, ‘Nagene’ had the longest plant height and the highest internode number. The marketable fruit number per plant was higher in the medium-sized varieties, which had more internode number. The marketable fruit number was 31.3 for ‘Gulfstream’, 30.7 for ‘Imea’, 57.8 for ‘Nagene’, or 56.0 for ‘Sausan’ with no significant difference in total fruit weights per plant. The water consumption required to produce 200 g of fruit was lower in the ‘Nagene’ (2.39 L) with the highest water use efficiency (WUE). Therefore, ‘Nagene’ variety may have higher adaptability to desert high temperature compared to the long-sized varieties, and it is going to be necessary to verify more medium-sized cucumber varieties.

분화국화 ‘솔라에그(등록번호 8569)’는 2015년 경상남도농 업기술원 화훼연구소에서 분홍색 ‘포인트에그’를 감마선 처리 를 하여 육성하였다. 특성검정과 형질 안정성은 2017년에서 2018년까지 3회를 수행하였다. ‘솔라에그’는 분홍색 꽃잎(54D) 과 적자색 중심부(59B)를 가진 ‘아네모네’ 형태이다. 꽃과 잎 색깔과 모양에서는 ‘솔라에그’와 ‘포인트에그’ 간의 차이는 거 의 없었다. ‘솔라에그’의 식물체와 개화 연구에서 조명과 억제 재배를 했을 때 약 42일로 개화소요시간은 비슷했다. 그러나 초장, 꽃 크기, 꽃 중심부 크기와 착화수에서 ‘포인트에그’와 비교했을 때 차이가 있었다. 특히, 자연재배조건에서 꽃 크기 는 4cm으로 대조품종과 비교했을 때 컸다. 국화 품종에서는 꽃의 크기가 상업적으로 중요한 형질이다. ‘솔라에그’의 표현 형과 개화기 연구와 비교하여 배수성, RAPD, 세포 크기 및 수 분석을 하였다. 이들 결과에서는 표현형의 변화는 작은 유전 적 변이와 세포 분열 증가와 관련이 있을 것이라고 추정하고 있다. 중형 크기의 ‘솔라에그’는 분화국화로 이용되며 농가의 평균소득 증대를 기대할 수 있다.

In this study, in order to confirm the relationship between technical innovation competence and corporate performance, the effect of technical innovation competence of small and medium-sized manufacturing companies on corporate performance was identified, and entrepreneurship, which plays a role as a driving force in triggering technical innovation competence, was analyzed to determine whether there is a mediating effect between them. To conduct the research, first, the research model was established by examining previous studies on technical innovation competence, entrepreneurship, and corporate performance. Second, an on-line and offline survey was conducted for employees in companies after constructing a questionnaire that can verify the hypothesis suitable for the research model. Third, the hypothesis was verified by performing validity and reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis using a statistical program. Results of this study, first, it was found that R&D competence and technology innovation system, which are elements of technical innovation competence, had a significant effect on financial performance, and technology innovation system and technology accumulation capacity, had a significant effect on non-financial performance. Second, it was analyzed that entrepreneurship has a mediating effect in both R&D capability, technological innovation system and technology accumulation capability, which are elements of technical innovation capability, and financial and non-financial performance, elements of corporate performance.

In order to provide basic data for preparing management standards and to verify the safety of the Chinese oak mushroom-derived moisturizing medium—which is synthesized and imported in large quantities—the presence of 321 residual pesticides, 7 heavy metals, and 3 radioactive materials was analyzed in the moisturizer samples. Examination of residual pesticides in seven moisturizing medium samples prepared using the Chinese oak mushroom and three domestic sawdust samples used for mushroom culture revealed the presence of cypermethrin and iprodione in three moisturizer samples, but the contents of these pesticides were below the standard limits. Zn was detected in ten samples, Cu was detected in nine samples, and Ni was detected in four samples, but their contents were below the standard limits. Pb, Cd, Cr, and Hg were not detected in any sample. No radioactive materials were detected in the samples. In addition, fruiting bodies of the oak mushroom were observed in each medium. Examination did not reveal the presence of any residual pesticides or harmful compounds. In this study, the use of the moisturizing medium prepared using the Chinese oak mushroom was found to be safe. As residual pesticides, heavy metals, and radioactivity—even in trace amounts—remain concentrated in the human body, continuous verification of the safety of hazardous substances and pollutants during the systematic cultivation and management of these mushrooms is required.

This study investigated EFL college-level learners’ expectation on and their experience in an online English-medium instruction (EMI) course focusing on how participants interacted with their classmates and the instructor in their online class (zoom session) based on assumptions and rationales of Interaction Hypothesis and classroom interaction research. Analyses of questionnaire, observation, and interview data revealed that participants’ experience of interaction and their perception of interaction opportunities in the zoom session were significantly related to how they would evaluate the course-taking experience. It was also found that cognitive strategy such as participants’ preparation for each class rather than L2 confidence was more relevant to their level of satisfaction with the course. Results of analyses suggested that an online class could be more effective than a face-to-face class in terms of engaging EFL adult learners in an academic course offered in participants’ L2, English. Based on study results, suggestions on how to increase interaction opportunities in online EMI course are made.

본 연구의 목적은 L. lactis 와 Leu. citreum 균주를 혼합 배양할 수 있는 배지 조성을 개발하여 이를 통해 김치의 발효 속도 조절을 통한 숙성도 맞춤형 김치를 제조하는 것이다. 먼저 김치 육수의 재 료인 북어, 양파, 무, 다시마, 건고추, 건새우, 대파, 건표고 등을 혼합 또는 단일로 하여 육수를 제조한 후, 이들이 L. lactis 증식에 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과, 건새우를 제외한 모든 재료가 증식을 억제하는 결과를 나타내었다. 질소원, 탄소원 및 성장 촉진 인자로 서 tryptone, peptone, yeast extract, lactose, ascorbic acid 등을 이용하였고 pH 완충제로는 potassium citrate를 사용하였 다. L. lactis가 잘 생장하는 M17배지와 균 생장 및 항균활성을 비 교 평가하여 최종적으로 배지 조성은 건새우 육수에 yeast extract 3%, ascorbic acid 0.05%, potassium citrate 1%, lactose 3% 로 하였다(식용 액체배지1). 개발된 식용 액체배지 1에 L. lactis 에 의해 생장 및 증식에 저해를 받지 않고 만니톨 생성능이 우수한 Leu. citreum을 혼합 배양하고자 glucose, maltose, fructose, sucrose 등 여러 가지 탄소원을 달리하여 Leu. citreum의 생육정 도를 살펴본 결과, 0.1-1%의 농도로 maltose 또는 fructose를 첨 가했을 때 선택적으로 잘 증식하였다. 이어서 발효 조절을 통한 숙 성도 맞춤형 김치를 제조하기 위하여 식용배지 1에다 maltose를 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%의 농도로 달리 첨가한 식용배지 2를 제조 하였다. 여기에 L. lactis 와 Leu. citreum을 혼합 배양한 후 김치 에 첨가하여 10℃에서 5일간 발효시킨 결과, 각 김치별로 pH 5.3, pH 4.9, pH 4.7, pH 4.5를 나타내어 각기 숙성도가 다른 특징을 보여주었다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 개발한 식용 액체 배지를 사 용하여 L. lactis를 배양한 후 그 배양액을 김치에 첨가함으로써 종 균의 활성 및 생장을 극대화시킬 수 있었다. 또한 액체 배지 조성의 조절을 통해 Leu. citreum 균주와의 혼합 배양이 가능하였고, 이를 이용하여 김치 발효 속도 조절을 통한 숙성도 맞춤형 김치를 제조 할 수 있었다.

고추에서 Colletotrichum scovillei를 검출하고 계수하기 위한 반선택배지가 개발되었다. 기본배지로서 Potatodextrose- agar (PDA)가 사용되었다. 반선택배지의 최종 조성은 부생성곰팡이와 세균을 저해하고, C. scovillei의 생장에 양호할 수 있도록 확립되었다. 반선택배지는 pyribencarb 와 pydiflumetofen 각각 40 μg mL-1와 세균을 방지하기 위한 streptomycin 100 μg mL-1를 포함한다. 배지의 pH는 85% lactic acid로 4.8로 조절했다. 반선택배지에 배양할 때 C. scovillei의 균사생육 저해율은 Fusarium속과 다른 부생균보 다 뚜렷이 낮았다. 반선택배지에 과실과 줄기조직 현탁액 을 평판배양하여 탄저병균이 자연 감염된 식물체로부터 C. scovillei가 검출되었고, 신뢰할 수 있고 정량할 수 있었다. 이것은 자연 감염된 고추조직에서 C. scovillei의 존재를 검출하기 위한 반선택성배지에 대한 처음 보고이다.