After the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, correspondents of Chosun called on Japan twelve times, as a mission, from 1607 to 1811. The suite of Chosun Communication Facilities (correspondents) was composed of nearly 500 people including a senior envoy, a junior envoy, other envoyes, and cooks. After preparing traveling expenses, Sifts, foods, medicinal stuffs, and ginseng, they shipped people and freight in three passenger ships and three freighters. They departed from Pusan for Edo(Tokyo). There were 28 stop-overs on their way to Edo and the banquet was given for them at every stop. The arrangements of the table for each banquet were made up of 753 Seon(tables), 3Jeup(soups) and 15Che(dishes). 753Seon(tables) is Ganban(the table for decoration) and a substantial food reception was composed of 3Jeup(soups) and 15Che(dishes). 753Seon(tables) was called Dadopoong(the food of refreshment) style and this was the standard arrangement of the banquet table in Japan. It was comprised of 3Jeup(soups) and 15Che(dishes). On their way from Edo to Thusima Island, food was afforded to correspondents for later preparation and dining. The banquet that the master of Thusima Island gave was composed of the first and second style banquets. The first one was Chusun style and the second one was Japanese style.

Food goods traded between Korea and Japan during the middle period of the Cho Sun era included Insam (Jinseng), rice, beans, honey, perilla oil, starch, adlay, walnuts, pine nuts, jujubes, hazelnuts, and dired chestnuts as exports ; and pepper as imports. The number of Japanese envoies that visited regularly was one thousand five hundred people a year. The receptions that were held for them during the middle period equaled those of the first term of the Cho Sun era, but these receptions were only held in Pu-san. The expense of daily meals was broken down into 8 grades ranging from \129,300 to 2133. The daily meals included Jo-ban (breakfast), Jo-seok-ban (breakfast and dinner), and Ju-jeom-shim (lunch) for the Japanese who visited regularly. During the course of a year, the total amount spent on daily meals was put at a billion won. The banquet style meals included Ha-seon-da-rye (a welcome tea party), Ha-seon-yeon (a welcome banquet), No-cha-yeon (a banquet that was held on the street), and Ye-dan-da-rye (a drink banquet that was held when silk was offered as a gift). It also included Byeol-yeon (a banquet out of the dordinary), Sang-seon-yeon (a farewell banquet), and Myong-il-yeon (a banquet that was held on a national holiday). The banquet style meals were composed of Ceon-tack (to set a table for dinner), Sang-hwa (a flower that was put on the food), Kwan-hwa (to offer a flower when a banquet was held), Ju-9-jan (the ninth wine glass), Dae-seon (meat), music, and Jung-bae-rye (a banquet that was held again after a banquet). The Cho Sun government held banquets forty five times for the Japanese, the food expense for the banquets was put at two hundred and thirty million won.

Food goods traded between Korea and Japan during the first term of the Cho Sun era included Omija (fruit of the Maximowiczia chinensis), Jat (pine nuts), Insam (Jinseng), rice, and beans as exports ; and pepper, sugar, and medicinal stuffs as imports. The trade between Korea and Japan was a result of Japanese envoies' visiting. The official number of Japanese envoies who had exchanges with Koreans were two thousand people a year. Once the Japanese entered Korea, they did not need to pay for their living expenses for the length of their visit because the Cho Sun government bore the whole expense. The Cho Sun government gave formal receptions to them, which included daily meals as well as banquet style meals. The daily meals included Jo-ban (breakfast), Jo-seok-ban (breakfast and dinner), and Ju-jeom-sim (lunch). Meals were served four times a day. The banquet style meals included Sam-po-yeon (a banquet that was held in Sam-po), Kyong-joong-young-jeon-yeon (a farewell banquet, and a welcome banquet that was held in Seoul), Jyu-bong-bae (to offer a guest a drink by day), No-yeon (a banquet that was held on the street), Kwol-nae-yeon (a banquet that was held within the Royal Court). It also included Ye-jo-yeon (a banquet that was held in Ye-jo), and Myong-il-yeon (a banquet that was held on a national holiday). The banquet style meals were composed of Ceon-tack (to set a table for dinner), Sang-hwa (a flower that was put on the food), Kwan-hwa (to offer a flower when a banquet was held), Ju-5-jan (the fifth wine glass), Dae-seon (meat), and music.

고정발생원으로 부터 배출되고 있는 이산화탄소를 분리하여 회수 및 재이용하는 기술개발이 에너지 보전 측면에서 뿐만 아니라 환경오염 문제 등을 해결할 수 있는 중요한 과제이다. 특히 내열성, 내식성 및 기계적 강도가 뛰어난 세라믹의 특성을 이용한 기체분리막을 응용한다면 고온으로부터 저온까지의 폭넓은 온도, 압력, 가스조성의 배기가스로부터 이산화탄소를 분리하는 것이 가능해 진다. 따라서 본 총설에서는 현재 일본에서 국책과제로 진행되고 있는 이산화탄소의 고온분리에 대한 연구개발(이하, 'CO2 프로젝트'로 약칭) 현황을 소개하고자 한다.

한국산 청주 두 종류, 일본산 청주 다섯 종류의 당을 HPLC 및 TLC로 비교 분석하였다. 총당은 한국산, 일본산 모두 평균 4.69%를 나타냈고, 한국산은 4.21% 및 4.93%를 나타냈다. 글루코오스는 평균 3.23%를 나타냈고, 한국산은 3.29%, 3.68%를 나타냈다. 말토오스에서 말토옥타오스까지의 말토올리고당은 평균 1.46%를 나타냈다. 청주의 당을 사람타액 α-amylase와 Aspergillus awamori α-glucosidase로 가수분해한 결과 모두 글루코오스로 가수분해되어 비피두스균 활성화 효과는 적은 것으로 나타났다.

한국산 맥주 3종류, 일본산 맥주 21 종류의 한계덱스트린을 에탄올 침전법으로 분리하였다. 한계 덱스트린의 양은 평균 1.1%로 전체 당 3.15%의 34.5%를 나타냈다. FPLC 분석 결과 한계 덱스트린은 평균 글루코오스 잔기 25개 정도로 형성된 것으로 나타났다. ^1H-NMR 분석으로 한계 덱스트린의 α-1, 4- 결합에 대한 α-1, 6-결합의 비율은 평균 1:0.183을 나타냈다. 한계 덱스트린을 α-아밀라아제와 α-글루코시다아제로 5시간 가수분해하여 소화성을 평가한 결과 평균 57.22% 가수분해되었다. 그 중 한국산 맥주의 한계 덱스트린이 가장 높은 소화성 70.38%를 나타냈다. 아밀라아제로 소화된 부분과 에탄올 침전법으로 상징액으로 제거된 작은 당을 합하면 평균 86%가 소화성당으로, 14%가 비피두스균 증식 인자로 평가된다.

한국산 맥주 3가지와 일본산 맥주 21가지의 당함량을 비교 분석하였다. 당함량은 1.71%∼3.93%의 분포를 나타냈으며, 평균 3.15%를 나타냈다. 한국산 맥주는 에탄올 함량 4.5%짜리 뿐으로 평균 당함량은 3.24%, 일본산 에탄올 함량 4.5% 제품은 당함량 2.5%, 에탄올 5% 제품은 당함량 3.2%, 에탄올 5.5% 제품은 당함량 3.15%를 나타냈다. 비발효성 말토올리고당과 한계덱스트린은 평균 2.32%를 나타냈다. 당의 조성은 말토오스∼말토데카오스, 한계덱스트린까지 균일한 분포를 나타냈다. 그러나 식혜 당화법에서는 말토테트라오스∼말토헵타오스까지의 말토올리고당은 생성되지 않기 때문에 식혜당화법을 사용하면 맥주 제조의 당화율을 증가시킬 수 있다.

Mekuro-Kazoen BLDG. is a complex of office, hotel, and banquet halls, builted in 1991, Tokyo, Japan. This building suggest us various issues about the representation of traditionality in current architecture. We can find the possibility of representation of traditionality in large complex, in past, rarely applicated. Even in Japan, such trial in official building as New Office Building of Tokyo in Sinzuku shows a application only in the elevation plan. In Mekuro-Kazoen BLDG, the applications of traditionality are found not only in external appearance, but also in interior design. And the traditional Japanese gardens in front of building and in atrium enrich the traditionality And the modenity and traditionality in this building are represented simultaneously not deteriorating each other. The issue of representation of traditionality in architecture should be succeed not only in now but also in the future. The method of application need to be studied and improved. The fields of application also should be extended such as large complex buildings and future-oriented buildings.

일본의 28개 전 국립공원에 있어서 언제, 어디서, 어떠한 경관파괴나 침해문제가 발생하였는가 그 특성을 파악하기 위하여 자연환경 전문지를 대상으로 문헌조사하여 문제발생을 요인별, 지역별 그리고 시기별로 정리, 분석하였다. 그 결과, 경관파괴나 침해를 발생시킨 요인으로는 대규모 댐건설, 임업에 의한 작업, 각종 관광시설의 정비, 공원이용자에 의해 발새오디는 문제, 공원계획과 관리상에서 발생되는 문제 등의 8가지 요인군으로 지적할 수 있었다. 한편, 시기별로는 경관문제의 발생건수나 특정지역에서 집중적으로 발생하는 등 4기(1960~1967, 1968~1975, 1976~1985, 1990초반)로 구분할 수 있었고, 특히, 1960년대 후반부터 1970년대 전반에 걸쳐서는 전국적으로 모든 국립공원에서 다양한 경관문제가 발생하였다. 지역별 특성은 本州 중앙(관동지방, 중부지방)에 위치하는 부상상한윤두, 日光, 中部山岳 등의 국립공원에서 경관문제가 다른 지역에 비하여 지속적으로 많이 발생했다. 그 원인으로는 이용객의 지속적인 증가, 고도성장과 산업발전, 국민관광 레크레이션붐, 관광시설의 대규모화, 삼림벌채 등의 임업작업, 1962년과 1969년 2회에 걸친 전국종합개발계획의 실시, 임해매립지에 의한 대규모 공업단지 조성, 모터제너레이션의 발달 등이 활발히 이루어진 사회적 배경 등을 지적할 수 있었다.