In order to meet the requirements of faster speed and higher packing density for devices in the field ofsemiconductor manufacturing, the development of Cu/Low k device material is explored for use in multi-layer interconnection.SiOC(-H) thin films containing alkylgroup are considered the most promising among all the other low k candidate materialsfor Cu interconnection, which materials are intended to replace conventional Al wiring. Their promising character is due to theirthermal and mechanical properties, which are superior to those of organic materials such as porous SiO2, SiOF, polyimides,and poly (arylene ether). SiOC(-H) thin films containing alkylgroup are generally prepared by PECVD method usingtrimethoxysilane as precursor. Nano voids in the film originating from the sterichindrance of alkylgroup lower the dielectricconstant of the film. In this study, methyltriphenylsilane containing bulky substitute was prepared and characterized by usingNMR, single-crystal X-ray, GC-MS, GPC, FT-IR and TGA analyses. Solid-state NMR is utilized to investigate the insolublesamples and the chemical shift of 29Si. X-ray single crystal results confirm that methyltriphenylsilane is composed of one Simolecule, three phenyl rings and one methyl molecule. When methyltriphenylsilane decomposes, it produces radicals such asphenyl, diphenyl, phenylsilane, diphenylsilane, triphenylsilane, etc. From the analytical data, methyltriphenylsilane was found tobe very efficient as a CVD or PECVD precursor.

E ffe ct of aluminum (al) on the plasma vite llogenin (VTG) , alkaline-labile phosphorus (ALP P ) , Calcium (Ca) , glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GP T) and hepatosomatic index (H SI ) we re examined in the e stradiol-17β (E 2)-administe red immature rockfish, Sebaste s schlege li. F ish we re intrape r itone ally inje cted with E 2 (5 ㎎/㎏ body we ight (B .W.) ) and/ or Al (0, 0.1, 1, 5 and 10 ㎎/㎏ B .W.) and then plasma we re extracted at 7 days. Thick VTG band was de te cted at a mole cularwe ight position of about 170 kD a in SD S-P AGE using the plasma of E 2-administe red rockfish. This band was reduced by the administration of Al to rockfish. Al reduced the concentrations of ALP P and Ca in a concentration-dependent way and a significant reduction occur red at Al concentrations gre ate r than 5 ㎎/㎏ and 10 ㎎/㎏, re spe ctive ly. The concentration of GP T was incre ased in concentration-dependent way at all the group of Al-administe red rockfish. H SI was reduced in a concentration-dependent way. The se re sults sugge st that Al inte r fe re with E 2-induced vite llogene sis by be ing toxic to hepatocyte .

n re cent ye ars, remarkable conce rn has be en eme rged ove r endocr ine disrupting chemicals (E D Cs) which mimic the e ffe cts of the ste roid hormone and modulate the endocr ine functions of human and wildlife . The biodegradation products of sur factants such as nonylphenol (N P ) have be en regarded as E D Cs. H oweve r , only few studie s have be en car r ied out to inve stigate the e ffe ct of E D Cs on vite llogene sis in mar ine fish. The pre sent study was unde r taken to the e ffe cts of 4-N P on the vite llogene sis of juvenile rockfish, Sebaste s schlege li. J uvenile rockfish we ighing about 50g we re intrape r itone ally inje cted with e stradiol-17β (E 2, 5㎎/㎏ body we ight) or 4-N P in 70% e thanol twice at 3-day inte rvals and blood sampling we re extracted from the fish at 7 days afte r the last inje ction. I ntense VTG bands we re de te cted at mole cular we ight position of about 170kD a in all the plasma of 4-N P -administrated fish as that of E 2-administe red fish. P lasma ALP P , Ca and GP T concentrations we re also incre ased in all the group of 4-N P -administe red fish. The addition of 4-N P to the we lls inhibited the binding activity E 2 to E R in a conve rse sigmoid fashion. The se re sults sugge sted that 4-N P induced VTG synthe sis by the binding affinity 4-N P to E R and acted on E D Cs in the juvenile rockfish

In this study, partially stabilized zirconia was synthesized using a chemical Y2O3 stabilizer and hydrothermal method. First, YCl3-6H2O and ZrCl2O-8H2O was dissolved in distilled water. Y-TZP (a Y2O3-doped toughened zirconia polycrystalline precursor) was also prepared by conventional co-precipitates in the presence of an excess amount of NH4OH solution under a fixed pH of 12. The Y-TZP precursors were filtered and repeatedly washed with distilled water to remove Cl- ions. ZrO2-Xmol%Y2O3 powder was synthesized by a hydrothermal method using Teflon Vessels at 180˚C for 6 h of optimized condition. The powder added with the Xmol%- Y2O3 (X = 0,1,3,5 mol%) stabilizer of the ZrO2 was synthesized. The crystal phase, particle size, and morphologies were analyzed. Rectangular specimens of 33mm×8mm×3 mm for three-point bend tests were used in the mechanical properties evaluation. A teragonal phase was observed in the samples, which contains more than 3 mol% Y2O3. The 3Y-ZrO2 agglomerated particle size was measured at 7.01μm. The agglomerated particle was clearly observed in the sample of 5 mol % Y2O3-ZrO2, and and the agglomerated particle size was measured at 16.4 um. However, a 20 nm particle was specifically observed by FE-SEM in the sample of 3 mol% Y2O3-ZrO2. The highest bending fracture strength was measured as 321.3 MPa in sample of 3 mol% Y2O3-ZrO2.

The optimum route to fabricate nano-sized Fe-50 wt% Co and hydrogen-reduction behavior of calcined Fe-/Conitrate was investigated. The powder mixture of metal oxides was prepared by solution mixing and calcination of Fe-/Co-nitrate. A DTA-TG and microstructural analysis revealed that the nitrates mixture by the calcination at 300˚C for 2 h was changed to Fe-oxide/Co3O4 composite powders with an average particle size of 100 nm. The reduction behavior of the calcined powders was analyzed by DTA-TG in a hydrogen atmosphere. The composite powders of Fe-oxide and Co3O4 changed to a Fe-Co phase with an average particle size of 40 nm in the temperature range of 260-420˚C. In the TG analysis, a two-step reduction process relating to the presence of Fe3O4 and a CoO phase as the intermediate phase was observed. The hydrogen-reduction kinetics of the Fe-oxide/Co3O4 composite powders was evaluated by the amount of peak shift with heating rates in TG. The activation energies for the reduction, estimated by the slope of the Kissinger plot, were 96 kJ/mol in the peak temperature range of 231-297˚C and 83 kJ/mol of 290-390˚C, respectively. The reported activation energy of 70.4-94.4 kJ/mol for the reduction of Fe- and Co-oxides is in reasonable agreement with the measured value in this study.

In this study, we experimented that how to synthesis waterborne urethane-epoxy hybrid resin for leather garment coatings. First of all, We had analyzed datas by FT-IR, SEM and TGA for the machanical properties. By instruments analysis measurement we confirmed that synthesis of urethane and epoxy. In this experiment we knew that polyurethane and urethane-epoxy hybrid resin have 4~5 grades of solvent resistance. Tensile strength measured in the urethane-epoxy resin(epoxy 12%, 2.033kgf/mm2) had the most strong strength than polyurethane(1.833 kgf/mm2) emulsion samples. Also urethane-epoxy hybrid resin had better result than polyurethane in acid resistance and abrasion test. As hight proportion of epoxy in hybid resin, we obtained low elongation and low flexibility. In this result, the mechanical properties of waterborne polyurethane-epoxy hybrid resin showed that how effect in leather coating by ratio of epoxy emulsion.

Melamincyanurate(MC), as an non halogen flame retardant are used as the polymer and plastic materials. In this study, melamine and cyanuric acid were used for the synthesis of MC. The optimum condition of synthetic MC were controlled by different molar ratio of melamine to cyanuric acid. MC was modified by coupling reaction with four different agents. The influences of modified MC were based on the coupling agent types. Preparation methods are available to offer the prospect of improved morphology control deposit stability in polyol. The results reveal that glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane(GDS) has the best storage stability. The best properties were obtained with melamine and cyanuric acid from 1:1 molar ratio. Modification of MC through coupling agent can efficiently enhanced the deposit stability in polyol up to 30 %.

This study concerned about "Gemini type co-surfactant" which has very interesting properties with new components. They were synthesized by reaction of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and dicarboxylic acid. The structure could be comfirmed with FT-IR and 1H-NMR. Surface active properties such as surface tension, evaluated cmc, cloud point, emulsing power were measured respectively at given conditions. Their surface tensions in the aqueous solution were decreased to 33~35 dyne/cm, which was lower than 39 dyne/cm of SDS, and their cmc values evaluated by surface tension method were 5.0×10-1~7.5×10-1 mol/L. And the emulsifying power was excellent in jojoba oil. All of the synthesized Gemini surfactants possessed good water solubility and their cloud point were 48~58℃. As results, Gemini surfactants which were synthesized are expected to be applied as O/W emulsifiers.

기존 고분자전해질연료전지(PEMFC)의 단점을 극복하기 위해 고체전해질 알카라인연료전지(SAMFC)가 근래에 많이 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 술폰화 폴리벤지이미다졸(PBI) 유도체를 이용하여 SAMFC용 막을 제조하였다. 술폰화 폴리벤지이미다졸 유도체는 KOH에 의해 쉽게 도핑되고 도핑된 막은 높은 OH-의 전도도와 기계적 강도를 보였다. 특히 sPBI-co-PBI (술폰화 PBI : 비술폰화 PBI = 75 : 25)의 경우, 90℃ 100% 상대습도 하에서 2.98 × 10 -2 S/cm의 높은 OH-의 전도도를 보였다.

In construction industries, new construction materials are needed to overcome some problems associated with the use of conventional construction materials due to the change of environmental and social requirements. Accordingly, the requirements to be satisfied in the design of civil engineering structures are diversified. As a new construction material in the civil engineering industries, fiber reinforced polymeric plastic (FRP) has a superior corrosion resistance, high specific strength/stiffness, etc. Therefore, such properties can be used to mitigate the problems associated with the use of conventional construction materials. Nowadays, new types of bridge piers and marine piles are being studied for new construction. They are usually made of concrete filled fiber reinforced polymeric plastic tubes (CFFT). In this paper, a new type of FRP-concrete composite pile which is composed of reinforced concrete filled FRP tube (RCFFT) is proposed to improve compressive strength as well as flexural strength. The load carrying capacity of proposed RCFFT compression member is discussed based on the result of experimental and analytical investigations.

The present study focused on the synthesis of Bi-Sb-Te-based thermoelectric powder by an oxidereduction process. The phase structure, particle size of the synthesized powders were analyzed using XRD and SEM. The synthesized powder was sintered by the spark plasma sintering method. The thermoelectric property of the sintered body was evaluated by measuring the Seebeck coefficient and specific electric resistivity. The powder had been synthesized by a combination of mechanical milling, calcination and reduction processes using mixture of , and powders. The sintered body of the powder synthesized by an oxide-reduction process showed p-type thermoelectric characteristics, even though it had lower thermoelectric properties than the sintered body of the thermoelectric powder synthesized by the conventional melting-crushing method.

A SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ phosphor powder with stuffed tridymite structure was synthesized by glycine-nitratecombustion method. The luminescence, formation process and microstructure of the phosphor powder were investigated bymeans of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The XRDpatterns show that the as-synthesized SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ phosphor was an amorphous phase. However, a crystalline SrAl2O4phase was formed by calcining at 1200oC for 4h. From the SEM analysis, also, it was found that the as-synthesizedSrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ phosphor was in irregular porous particles of about 50µm, while the calcined phosphor was aggregated inspherical particles with radius of about 0.5µm. The emission spectrum of as-synthesized SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ phosphor did notappear, due to the amorphous phase. However, the emission spectrum of the calcined phosphor was observed at 520nm(2.384eV); it showed green emission peaking, in the range of 450~650nm. The excitation spectrum of the SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+phosphor exhibits a maximum peak intensity at 360nm (3.44eV) in the range of 250~480nm. After the removal of the pulseXe-lamp excitation (360nm), also, the decay time for the emission spectrum was very slow, which shows the excellent long-phosphorescent property of the phosphor, although the decay time decreased exponentially.

The chemical formula of magnetite (Fe3O4) is FeO·Fe2O3, t magnetite being composed of divalent ferrous ion andtrivalent ferric ion. In this study, the influence of the coexistence of ferrous and ferric ion on the formation of iron oxide wasinvestigated. The effect of the co-precipitation parameters (equivalent ratio and reaction temperature) on the formation of ironoxide was investigated using ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate and ammonia. The equivalent ratio was varied from 0.1 to 3.0 andthe reaction temperature was varied from 25 to 75. The concentration of the three starting solutions was 0.01mole. Jarosite wasformed when equivalent ratios were 0.1-0.25 and jarosite, goethite, magnetite were formed when equivalent ratios were 0.25-0.6. Single-phase magnetite was formed when the equivalent ratio was above 0.65. The crystallite size and median particle sizeof the magnetite decreased when the equivalent ratio was increased from 0.65 to 3.0. However, the crystallite size and medianparticle size of the magnetite increased when the reaction temperature was increased from 25oC to 75oC. When ferric and ferroussulfates were used together, the synthetic conditions to get single phase magnetite became simpler than when ferrous sulfatewas used alone because of the co-existence of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in the solution.

In this study, we experimented that how to synthesis waterborne urethane-acrylic hybrid resin for leather coatings. First of all, We had analyzed data by FT-IR, SEM and TGA for the machanical properties. By TGA analysis polymers showed heat distortion temperature. and by FT-IR measurement we confirmed that synthesis of urethane and acrylic. In the experiment, solvent resistance, polyurethane and acrylic grades 4-5 showed both a high. Tensile strength measured in the waterborne polyurethane 〉 Acrylic emulsion showed strength in the order. Films were obtained by coating the water born resin on leveled surfaces and allowing them to dry at room temperature for 72hrs. After demolding, the films were kept in a desiccator to avoid moisture contant at 25℃ for 45hrs before the measurements. In this result, the mechanical propersies of waterborne polyurethane-acrylic hybrid resin showed that how effect to resin in leather coating between polyurethane content and acrylic content. Therefore, acrylic emulsion had most high solvent resistance glade and waterborne polyurethane had good result in abrasion test and tensile strength.

Core-Shell polymers of silicone dioxide-styrene system were prepared by sequential emulsion polymerization. In inorganic/organic Core-Shell composite particle polymerization, silicone dioxide adsorbed by surfactant sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (EU-DO133L) was prepared initially and then core silicone dioxide was encapsulated emulsion by sequential emulsion polymerization using styrene at the addition of potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator. We found that SiO2 core shell of SiO2/styrene structure was formed when polymerization of styrene was conducted on the surface of SiO2 particles, and the concentration sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (EU-DO133L) was 0.5~2.0g. The structure of core-shell polymer were investigated by measuring to the thermal decomposition of polymer composite using thermogravimetric analyzer and morphology of latex by scanning electron microscope(SEM).

워터 렌더링은 오래전부터 연구가 이루어져 왔고, 오늘날 중요한 연구 분야가 되었다. 특히 게임 분야에서 물 렌더 링은 현실 세계와 같은 환경을 나타내는데 중요한 부분이다. 본 논문에서는 바다의 물결을 여러 정현파의 중첩으로 표현할 수 있다는 원리를 기반으로 스펙트럼 모델을 사용한다. 바다의 전체적인 파도의 모습을 나타내는 저해상도의 대역과 작은 파도를 나타내기 위한 고해상도의 대역을 주파수 영역에서 합성함으로서 물 표면을 생성한다. 이전의 연 구에 비해 렌더링 속도는 떨어지지 않으면서 보다 밴드 합성으로 인해 넓은 대역의 주파수 밴드를 갖게 됨으로서 보 다 더 세밀한 바다 표면을 나타낼 수 있는 방법은 연구하였다. 이로서 넓은 대역폭으로 인해 바다의 큰 물결 뿐만 아니라 작은 물결까지도 보다 더 섬세하게 나타낼 수 있다.