Recently the researches to enhance the hand function of brain injured clients are increased. One of those aspects is related to in-hand manipluation. In-hand manipulation is divided to four types: that is finger-to-palm translation. palm-to-finger translation, shift, and rotation. The purpose of this study was to find type of in-hand manipulation in normal adults in six activities and to differentiate the pattern of in-hand manipulation between normal adults and children with cerebral palsy. The participants were consist of twenty normal adults and twenty cerebral palsy. children. As a results, cerebral palsy children significantly used at lower frequence than normal adults in 3 activities. Also, in the other items, there are some pattern to differenciate between normal adults and cerebral palsy children but that was not significant statistically. The development of in-hand manipulation skills involves improvement in the dimension of activities of daily living skills training and more detailed evaluation method will be needed.

In this paper, through appreciating one of W. B. Yeats’s later poems, I try to find how the poet’s creative self gets to have its creative power and in what mechanism it expands its poetic circumference. “Among School Children” is the very poem his poetic self and creative imagination are well wrought into. In the poem, the poet suggests that power and knowledge cannot exist together, speaking of the powerful theories of Plato and simultaneously of the philosopher’s powerless being before Nature. He praises Aristotle as a king of kings, and Pythagoras as world-famous golden-thighed, but he mocks them of being old clothes upon an old stick to scare a bird. In the same way, he asserts that “the body is not bruised to pleasure soul.” In the sense of deconstructionists, all the binary oppositions have their hierarchies; however, Yeats puts the two antithetical elements on the identical level, as they are not subordinated to each other, and tries to bridge the abyss or space between. Such an attempt to unite the opposite worlds is manifested in his A Vision. Concerning his “gyre” theory, the figure is frequently drawn as a double cone. The one is called primary gyre, representing space, intellect, mask and fortune; the other antithetical one to represent time, emotion, creativity and will. The narrow end of each cone is in the centre of the broad end of the other. Seen at the narrow end of each cone through the centre of each broad end, appears a circle having a dot at the center. This is the poet’s world of imagination whose centre is his “self” and whose circumference is the limit of the self’s perception. The poet’s life-long activities are related with his efforts to expand the circumference. “Among School Children” is a trace of such activities. The centre is the place where the self of the poet is located; the circumference is where the self “perceives its limitation,” or where arises the feeling of awe, terror, or ecstasy, which means a kind of tension geared between the binary opposite worlds: the finite and the infinite; the mortal and the immortal; life and death; the real and the ideal; youth and age; the body and soul; pleasure and despair. The perception network of the poet connects the centre and circumference. The power to widen the circle originates from the poet’s paradoxical sense of life, of deprivation, and of renunciation through an attainable love with Maud Gonne, tensions between religious struggles, civil revolutions, and so on. The sharp confrontation of these tensions takes place rise to in the circumference and stimulates the poet’s creative imagination. This power of self strengthened by these tensions starts its quest-journey to explore the mysteries beyond the limit of its circle: the mysteries of the opposite worlds separated here and there. The ultimate purpose of the journey, finally, is to reach the united condition of the two worlds, which means what Greg Johnson calls “the highest imaginative enhancement of human identity” or immortality. This united world is the place where “we cannot know the dancer from the dance” and where Yeats’s “unity of being” is synthesized.

Parents of handicapped children are experiencing difficulties in their children's care, social isolation, change of life style and lirnited leisure time. Because the parents should take care of the children's daily life, they have lots of psychological and physical stress. Chronic stress of parents puts stress to the other family members and affects the development of children with handicap. The purpose of this study were to identify the level of stress in each of parents of children with motor problem, the characteristics of the children and general information related with the children, and to analyse the stress by reasons. Specially organized questionnaire were used for an investigation method. "Test of stress in mother who has children with chronic illness" by Kim Hee-soon were modified and used. The questionnaire answered by 43 mothers and 35 fathers were analyzed. Data analysis includes frequency analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, paired-samples t-test and MANOV A by SPSSWIN. The results were as follows: 1) Degree of handicap was most moderate (46.5%), level of motor development was most pull to walk (34.9%), and combined handicap was 69.8%. 2) Sexual distribution represented that 51.2% male and 48.8% female. The cost of physical therapy was 69.8% in no more than 100,000 won. 3) The mean of age, for the mother was 32.8 years and 35.3 years. Level of motor development that mother and father expect was 88.4%, 83% walk alone. 4) Both mother and father experienced stress in other of Part II (changes in father was the illness status of the child and difficulty in taking care of child), Part III (prognosis of the child's condition), Part I (social-personal relationships and the responsibility of the care givers). In the total score of stress, mother's stress is indicated higher level than father's stress. 5) There was no correlationship between characteristics and stress of mother and father. 6) There was no statistically significant difference between characteristics and related general information of children with handicap and stress of mother and father. As a results, the mother of children with handicap are experiencing more stress than the father. Both of parents have the most difficulties in the changes in the illness status of the child and difficulty in taking care of child. This study can be used as resources of education, therapy and counselling for children with handicap and their parents. This study, also, can be used to encourage the quality of Iife for the children with handicapped and their family.ㅂ

This survey was conducted to investigate the relation of children's obesity index to their mothers' food habit during the October in 1995. The survey covered a total of 492 mothers whose children were in the fifth grade of elementary schools in Cheju City area. The results are summarized as follows: 1.The surveyed children's average WLI(Weight-Length Index) is 107.08. WLI shows that 16.1% of them are overweight, 16.1% obese and 49.8% ideally weighted. The mothers' average BMI(Body Mass Index) is 22.4. 21.8% of them are underweight and 69.4% normal. The children's obesity index is significantly correlated to their fathers', but not significant to their mothers'. 2.As to the food habit I (balance of nutrients intake), 58.4% of the mothers have 'excellent' or 'good' food habit and the mean score is 14.95 out of maximum possible score 24.0. Concerning to the food habit II (intake of sugar, fat and salt etc.), 87.4% of mothers have 'good' or 'fair' food habit and the mean score of is 13.34 out of maximum (possible score) 20.0. The mothers' food habit I and II, as a whole, have no significant effect on the children's obesity index, but in some items the significant relations are founded. The children's chesty index is significantly related to the intake of eggs (P<0.05) and pan-broiled or fried foods (P<0.05). The amount of mothers' food intake is significantly relevant to their obesity index (P<0.001), but not significantly to their children's. The food habit of mothers who have taken midnight snack almost every day are significantly related to their children's chesty index (P<0.05). The findings of the study emphasize the importance of the nutrition education to ensure health and better physical fitness for children and their mothers.

예이츠의 학교 어린이들 사이에서 (1927)와 파운드의 빌라네레: 심리적인 시간 (1916) 은 모두 장소의 개념을 시의 주제와 연결시키고 있다는 점에서 공통점을 발견할 수 있다. 이는 두 시인이 모두 외부경치의 묘사로 서두를 장식하는 낭만주의 명상시의 영향 아래 있었다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 그러나 두 시인이 사용한 장소의 개념과 각 시의 주제를 연결시켜 보면 두 시인의 다른 성향을 알 수 있다. 먼저, 학교 어린이들 사이에서 에서 예이츠가 사용한 교실은 생로병사 같은 인간의 한계를 상징적으로 표현하며 그 새장 혹은 감옥의 좁은 방과 같은 한계성을 어떻게 극복하느냐가 이 시의 주된 관심사라고 할 수 있다. 이 시의 마지막 시구 (“춤과 춤추는 이를 어떻게 구별할 수 있을 것인가?”)는 비록 학자마다 그 해석을 달리하여 아직도 논란이 있는 게 사실이지만 나의 소견은 예이츠가 추구해온 합일의 신비적인 힘을 결정적으로 표현한 것이라고 해석하고 싶다. 즉, 처음에 설정된 인간의 한계를 극복하는 길은 합일의 힘 뿐이라는 것이다. 다시 말하면 인간의 주관적인 힘에 더욱 더 무게를 두는 낭만주의의 전통을 그대로 간직하고 있음을 알수 있다. 한편, 파운드의 빌라네레: 심리적인 시간 은 집의 묘사로 그 서두를 장식하고 있는데 우리는 그 집이 화자의 시각 (주관적인 관점)을 제한하는 역할을 하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이러한 장소의 선택으로 인간이 필연적으로 경험하게 되는 주관의 한계(집의 내부에서 밖을 보는데는 분명한 한계가 있음으로)를 극복하게 하려는 파운드의 치밀한 계산이 깔려있는 것이다. 파운드의 방법은 객관적인 시각을 받아들이는 것이다. 그래서 보다 다양한 관점을 유지하여 주관의 한계를 극복하려는 것이 다. 그러나 이 시에서는 파운드가 기다리고 기다리던 객관적인 관점은 이루어지지 않고 주관적인 관점의 한계만 드러낸 채 끝을 맺는다. 이는 예이츠와는 달리 파운드는 주관적인 힘 그리고 인간의 상상력의 힘에 대한 한계를 인정하고 있다는 의미이다. 예이츠의 상상력에 대한 동경으로 시를 쓰고 그에게 인정받으려고 노력했던 파운드가 이제는 예이츠의 시적 노선에 대해 조금씩 거부반응을 보이기 시작했다고 할 수 있을 것이다. 예이츠가 그 자신을 마지막 낭만파 시인이라고 말하고 있는 것과는 대조적으로 파운드는 이 시를 기점으로 이후에 보다 주관이 배제된 형식으로 객관적이고 사회적, 그리고 정치적인 시들을 발표했음을 알 수 있다. 이는 시가 시인의 내적세계라는 좁은 울타리를 나와 보다 이 사회의 발전에 적극적으로 참여해야 한다는 파운드의 시학으로 해석할 수 있을 것이다.

In “Among School Children” Yeats meditated on lover’s passion, nun’s piety, and mother’s affection in the tradition of Plato’s dualistic philosophy. Plato’s philosophy is an idealistic system resting on a sharply defined dualism between mind and matter, God and the world, body and soul. Soul is always superior to body. Soul is the ideal world; body is the present world. Therefore, those who worship images like lover, nun and mother can not fulfill their dreams in the present world. There is a conflict in the dualistic world. But in the last stanza of the poem, the poet showed us the unified world of soul and body as in Hawom thought. The main features of the Hawom thought belong to Tushun and Chihyum, and Bobchang in China. Great Monk Euisang studied under Chihyum and later held the title of National Teacher in Shilla Era of Korea. His thought was given a pictorial form: a meander design made up of a poem consisting of 210 Chinese characters entitled the Hwaom Iisung Bubgyedo: the cosmology of dharma in the One-yana of Avatamsaka philosophy. In this paper I interpret the last stanza of the poem in the light of Euisang’s Hawom vision. The Hawom vision of the world can contribute to solving the problem of dualistic conflict. The Hawom vision of the world is based on the Mahayana ontology of Emptiness(sunyata) or nonsubstantiality. In Euisang’s Bobsungge, soul and body are not different from each other because both have nonsubstantiality. Yeats also said “Labour is blossoming or dancing where/ The body is not bruised to pleasure soul” in the first and second lines of the last stanza. He continued his song, “O Chestnut-tree, great-rooted blossomer,/ Are you the leaf, the blossom or the bole?” Euisang sang “One is in all, all is in one: one is all, all is one.” A Chestnut-tree consists of the leaf, the blossom, and the bole. The relationship between a part and the whole is in “organic” unity: a part is in the whole, the whole is in a part: a part is the whole, the whole is a part. Yeats argued “How can we know the dancer from the dance,” Euisang suggested ie is not differ from sa. For example, in a golden statue of lion, gold is ie, the statue is sa. ie is represented by sa. The dance is represented by the dancer. Nothing is self-sufficient and all things are interdependent. The Hawom philosophy views the world as a harmonious whole without any dualistic conflict of its fundamental nature. Euisang and Yeats showed us a beautiful vision of the universal reconciliation and harmony of all beings in the world. Euisang called it Buddha’s world whereas Yeats called it “Unity of Being.”

This study was done to develop the standard recipe for nutritious cowpea starch based grape jelly. The effects of grape juice concentration (4, 8, 12%) and 0.2% calcium addition were evaluated on textural and sensory properties of grape jelly through the instrumental analysis using rheometer and sensory evaluation. Instrumental analysis showed that hardness, chewiness and gumminess of grape jelly was incerased significantly In jelly made of higher concentration of grape juice, and also in 0.2% calcium containing jelly. According to sensory evaluation, higher grape juice contains jelly showed advantages in preference of color and overall quality. Calcium addition increased sourness in sensory score. Overall, 12% grape juice and 0.2% calcium containing jelly was most preferable, which means calcium fortified cowpea starch based grape jelly was successful try for nutritious and practical food for elementary school foodservice.

Hand skills are important to interaction with environment. Hands are the tools most often used to accomplish work, to play, to express and communicate. This study observed the grasp patterns of spastic cerebral palsied(39) and athetoid cerebral palsied children(l3). They were asked by occupational therapist that wrote their name with pencil and colored a circle with crayon. Their grasp patterns were recorded on the basis of which fingers were used to grasp the object, the surface areas of the fingers in contact with the object, and the position of the joints of the fingers. This paper will present the skill acquisition and the activities of daily living for the fine motor skill and self care to the child who has a disability affecting hand skills.

A survey of 28 school foodservice establishments in Seoul and Kangnung was undertaken and detailed information was collected from 3,590 elementary school students. Childrert's satisfaction with the quality of school food was evaluated by questionnaires. It was measured by assessing 15 variables. Statistical data analysis was using SAS package program for descriptive analysis and T-test. Elementary schools in Seoul were all located in urban areas, whereas elementary schools in Kangnung were in urban areas (40.4%), provincial areas (40.0%) and in isolated areas (20.0%). Children seemed to be generally satisfied with the food served, with the lowest score of milk. Mean wastes for soups and Kimchi were found to be larger than those for milk and side dishes. The major reasons for leaving leftover were 'dislike the food (27.4%)'>'too big portion size (23.6%)'>'food is not tasty (19.2%)'>'low appetite (17.6%)'>'food is too overcooked or undercooked (3.9%)'>'food is not hot enough (3.2%)' in order.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the current foodservice management practices of children care social welfare facilities. Questionnaire were sent to the directors of all 275 children welfare facilities in Korea and 107 returned facilities in korea and 107 returned the complete answers. These questionnaire were answered by manager. Equipments were evaluated by investigators using the evaluation form. staffing structure revealed that most of the facilities had a director, a secretary, nurse, but only 15% of the system hired a dietitian. It showed the shortage of nurse, physical therapists, and dietitian. Therefore, food purchasing, menu planning, food delivery, and the other food service management processes are handled by non-professionals, such as director, secretary, or cooks. Food purchasing money of total budget is 10~20%. Food purchasing place in most facilities was market place. Foodstuffs were almost purchased 2~3 per weeks. 90% of the welfare facilities were used the menu. Modified food frequency questionnaire were used to get the frequencies of each food items used in menu. The results showed relatively satisfactory in food frequencies, however, this was about what was used in menu, not vat was eaten by the residents. conditions of most equipments in the kitchen were defective specially in dishwashing and sterilization step.

The research was conducted to investigate the children's consumption pattern and preference of Korean rice cake by analyzing the relation among their socio-demographic backgrounds. This study provides basic information for systematic development and wide spread of Korean rice cake as a traditonal Korean food. A self completed questionnaire survey of 639 elementary school students in Seoul was undertaken. A survey questionnaire consisted of two parts including demographic backgrounds, children's consumption pattern and preference of Korean rice cake. A likert scale of one to five was used to determine the childrem's preference of Korean rice cake. Statistical data analysis was done using the SPSS/PC program for descriptive analysis and 2 test. Approximately half of the participants were male (51.5%) and 5-degree year (50.7%) students. 77.2% of respondents were nuclear families. The results of eating frequency rate showed that 57.1% students had Korean rice cake once a month followed by once a week (18.8%), once per two months (12.2%) and once per six months (10.5%). The major reasons for having Korean rice cake were good taste (55.2%), healthy food (22.3), our traditional food (17.3%), and etc (2.2%) in order. Average children's preference score of 14 Korean rice cakes was 2.82±1.59 out of 5, with the highest score of 4.30 for Songpyun and the lowest score of 1.06 for Bukumi.

예이츠의 “Among School Children”을 분석해 보면 이 시가 시적 구조와 예이츠의 “Among School Children” 에 내재한 성서의 세계, 이미저리, 그리고 이 시의 궁극적 메시지가 성서를 그 모델로 하여 지어졌음을 알 수 있다. 이 논문의 목적은 이 시의 삼단계 시적 구조가 기본적으로 성서의 삼단계 구조를 모방했음을 주장하는 것이다. 즉 이 시가 내포하고 있는 각 파트의 주요 이미지 즉 학교 교실, 노령화에 대한 시인의 무기력함, 그리고 댄서의 이미지가 결국 성서에 나오는 이미지 즉 성서 처음의 한 장소에서 다른 장소로 이동하는 모습, 그 이후 끊임없이 되풀이되는 인간의 나약함, 그리고 성서 마지막의 요한 계시록에 나오는 신비의 결혼을 변형한 것이다. 이 시의 주제 중의 하나인 Unity of Being의 실현이 인간의 한계를 해결할 수 있다는 것도 신과 인간의 결혼으로 천국을 이룩할 수 있다는 성서의 종교적 비전을 연상시킨다. “Among School Children”의 내면에는 바이블의 세계가 존재하고 있는 것이다.