On the one hand, organic food consumption has emerged as a rapidly growing consumption trend, juxtaposed against the unsustainability of industrialized food provisions. On the other hand, recent reports highlight that premium food consumption is one of the fastest growing luxury market segments worldwide. This paper draws on the theory of social practices in order investigate how organic food consumption can be understood as an emerging luxury fashion trend, comprised of multiple interrelated ‘nexuses of doings and sayings’ that represent the elements of, and situated within the broader context of consumer culture. In this endeavour, we have conducted a situated investigation of organic food consumption in South Korea. Our findings illustrate that Korean consumers engage in organic food consumption not merely for their superior health benefits or sustainability concerns. Instead, organic consumption conveys three distinct consumption value types – namely, functional (e.g., superior quality), experiential (e.g., feeling better about themselves because they purchase eco-friendly produce), and symbolic (e.g., allows them to convey their social status). Importantly, when these value types are taken together, they closely resemble the value derived from luxury fashion, which lead us to the conclusion that organic food consumption can be conceived as a particular type of luxury fashion trend. The paper concludes with the discussion of theoretical contributions and managerial implications.

The choice of strain, substrate, and environmental conditions are fundamental factors that determine the ability of a fungus to develop and produce mushrooms with high quality. The objective of this study was to compare the strains of Lentinula edodes and Ganoderma lucidum originated from South Korea and Brazil in relation to their vegetative development in different culture media, to obtain isolates with high quality. The strains of the two mushroom species from Brazil and South Korea grew slowly, possibly because of abiotic factors or storage technique used. However, it may be concluded that temperature, humidity, light, pH, and nutrients from the substrate, if not regulated appropriately may affect the vegetative species.

To elucidate occurrence patterns of naturalized plants in agroecosystems, we surveyed flora in uplands, orchards and rice paddy fields in middle regions (Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheong-do) of Korea in summer and fall from 2013 to 2015. Our results showed that there are 77 species of naturalize plants in 54 genera and 20 families of vascular plants among total 420 species occurred in the agricultural areas composing 18.3% of naturalized index. Community compositions of both native and naturalized plants were different among agricultural types.We suggested that Cerastium glomeratum Thuill., Bidens frondosa L. and Erigeron philadelphicus L. are capable of dispersal to other regions based on our results with getting to broaden distribution of naturalized plants. The mean naturalized index was the highest in the upland (25.1%) followed by in the orchard (23.0%) and the paddy field (16.1%), while the mean number of naturalized species was the highest in the orchard (21.8 species) followed by in the upland (16.6 species) and paddy field (10.3 species). The numbers of naturalized plants in the orchard were increased along with increasing size of the agricultural land and decreasing ecological area rate. In addition, the number of native species was significantly correlated with the number of naturalized species in the upland. Our results would provide useful information to manage dispersion of naturalized plants in agricultural ecosystems.

Despite growing interest in Korean foods, South-east Asian consumers’ perception and acceptance of Korean foods have not been well elucidated. This study was conducted to understand South-east Asian Muslim consumers’ perception and acceptance of Korean foods and the association with their food neophobia level. Ninety-three Muslim consumers (mean ages 25.2, men 35.5%, women 64.5%) from Malaysia (72%), Indonesia (16.1%), and Singapore (11.9%) rated their degree of food neophobia as well as recognition and acceptance of representative Korean menu items. Background data such as duration of stay and Korean food consumption habits were collected. Overall, participants perceived Korean foods positively (4.04 on a 5-point hedonic scale). Most well-recognized Korean foods were gimbap and bulgogi, whereas less-known spicy foods such as ojingoe deopbap were most liked among items that were actually consumed. A neophobic group rated Korean foods less favorably than neutral and neophilic groups (p<0.05). Future studies are required to identify whether or not South-east Asian Muslim consumers’ food neophobia is formed under the influence of religious regulations or reflect individual consumers’ personal traits.

The present study is to understand the Bongseonsa stream in the National Arboretum fish fauna variation through comparison with historical data and to evaluate the stream health situated. We performed investigations over three times from April to September 2015. In the survey, 2,960 individuals which belonging to 22 species, 8 families were collected. Dominant species by number was Zacco platypus and subdominant species was Zacco koreanus. Seven Korean endemic species (Squalidus gracilis majimae, Microphysogobio yaluensis, Zacco koreanus, Koreocobitis rotundicausata, etc) were observed and showed a ratio of 36.4%. The community analysis revealed that the structure of fish community in the study sampling sites was instability in having dominance 0.79 (±0.15), diverse 1.21 (±0.60), evenness 0.58 (±0.15) and species richness 1.49 (±0.83). The values in the Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) was averagely 122.9 (±44.8) in the Bongseonsa stream and this was showed to have favorable habitat surroundings. As a result of tolerance guild analysis, the total number of sensitive species and intermediate species were higher than tolerant species. Analysis was divided into A and B two groups of fiducial 12.25% in Cluster analysis degree of similarity between study sampling sites. Fish Assessment Index (FAI) was rated A and B grade in Bongseonsa stream that stream health showed favorable. However Wangsuk stream as a urban stream rated C grade and analysed the lowest grade in the whole study sampling sites. There was high correlation beteween FAI and various indexes, dominance, diverse, evenness and sensitive species and intermediate species.

최근 빈번하게 발생하고 있는 이상기후에 의한 기상재해로 온실의 피해가 크게 발생하고 있다. 이에 자연재해가 발생하는 근본적인 요인인 기상과 이상기후 현상에 대한 정량적인 분석을 통해 시설재배에 취약한 지역을 검토하여 피해를 사전에 최소화할 수 있는 대책수립 및 관리가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 전라도 지역을 대상으 로 시설재배의 기상재해와 관련된 대리변수를 산정하여 기상재해에 의한 시설재배의 취약지역을 분석하였으며, GIS를 이용하여 공간적인 분포분석을 통해 기상재해에 취약한 시설재배지역을 지도로 나타내었다. 그리고 본 연구에서 작성된 시설재배의 취약지도와 대상지역에서 발생된 온실의 실제 재해기록과 비교 검토하였다. 본 연구에서 최종적으로 작성된 기상재해에 대한 시설재배 취 약지도와 실제 온실의 피해기록을 비교해보면, 광주광역시, 나주시, 영암군, 장성군, 함평군 그리고 해남군 등 대상지역의 약 50% 정도가 본 연구의 취약지도와 실제 재해기록과 일치하는 경향이 나타났다. 이에 반해 군산시, 김제시, 목포시 그리고 무안군 등은 기상조건이 취약등급에 포함이 됨에도 불구하고 재해피해가 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 지역에 따라 다른 온실의 구조적인 설계 및 관리측면이 변수로 작용한 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 온실의 자연재해의 주요 원인인 기상자료를 분석하여 기상재해에 대한 시설재배의 취약지도를 작성 하였고, 과거 재해기록과 비교하여 대상지역 내에서 취약한 지점을 확인하였다. 이 연구는 온실의 설계 및 관리측면에서 기상재해에 의한 피해를 경감 및 예방하기 위한 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

본 논문의 목적은 한국의 안보 시스템을 포괄적 안보를 중심으로 재편해야 할 필요성을 세월호 참사 사 례를 중심으로 탐색적으로 고찰하는 것이다. 2014년 4월 16일에 발생한 세월호 참사는 한국식 발전 국 가형 자본주의 모델을 근본적으로 수정하고, 한국 사회의 질적 향상을 위한 사회 시스템 구축의 필요성 을 확인시켜 준 역사적으로 매우 중요한 재난이었다. 당시 대부분의 박근혜 정부 조직들이 세월호 참사 에 우왕좌왕 대처한 것과 달리 국방부는 일사불란하게 움직였으나 생존자를 모두 구출하는 데에 실패하 였다. 이와 같은 결과는 한국의 안보 시스템이 포괄적 안보에 기반 하여 민-군 관계를 촉진할 수 있는 방향으로 개혁되어야 함을 시사한다.

The objective of this study was to provide fundamental information on fish swimming behavioral properties. Acoustic data was collected at nighttime from the 10th to 12th March, 2016 near Yokji Island in the South Sea of South Korea, and was analyzed using the fish track technique. This technique is to identify groups of single targets, which shows a pattern of systematic movement. As a result, the differences of the behavioral properties such as depth, swimming speed, vertical direction, horizontal direction, tortuosity, and depth change among days were minor; however, statistical results (Welch analysis of variance) showed significant difference between days. Especially, the target strength (TS) of the 11th were significantly different from the 10th and 12th. It could be assumed that gizzard shad, which was the dominant species from the catch on the 11th March, might have affected this difference. The correlation between TS and other properties was very week. The significant difference seemed even small differences of average values because of the large data volume.

전남 사옥도 지역의 지질은 쥐라기 화강암, 백악기 퇴적암, 산성응회암, 산성맥암으로 구분된다. 최근 공룡 발자 국, 새 발자국 및 절지동물의 보행열이 발견된 사옥도지역의 백악기층은 하부로부터 담회색 사암, 셰일, 이암 등이 교 호한다. 화석을 포함하는 퇴적암은 산성응회암에 의해 덮이며, 산성암맥이 퇴적암과 응회암을 관입한다. 사옥도 지역 백 악기 퇴적암의 퇴적시기를 밝히기 위해 응회질 사암과 상부의 산성 응회암에 대해 저어콘의 SHRIMP U-Pb법 절대연 대를 측정하였다. 사암과 응회암의 U-Pb 연대는 각각 83.58±0.86와 79.80±0.75 Ma이며 이는 백악기 후기의 캄파니안 에 해당된다. 산성응회암의 연대는 응회암의 분출시기와 화석을 포함하는 퇴적암의 최소 연대를 지시한다. 따라서 공룡 과 물갈퀴 새발자국의 형성연대는 83.6와 79.8 Ma 사이로 추정된다.

우리나라는 2014년 초부터 도로명주소 사용을 의무화하였다. 그럼에도 도로명주소의 사용 현황은 기대에 미치지 못하고 있으며, 도로명 주소에 대한 연구도 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 그래서 필자는 17개 시도로부터 도로구간조서를 수령한 후 위계가 대로(大路)인 도로만을 추출하여 우리나라 대로의 일반적인 특성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 288개 대로 중 동명이로(同名異路)는 12개가 있었으며, 이중 동서대로는 5개 시도, 중앙대로는 4개 시도에서 사용하고 있었다. 명실상부한 다속대로(多屬大路)도 12개가 있었으며, 관리 주체가 행정자치부인 행자부도로라는 공통점이 있었다. 최장대로는 동해대로로서 총연장이 359km에 이르며, 초장거리 대로는 국도와 깊은 관련이 있었다. 최단대로는 인항로로서 총연장이 470m에 불과하며, 초단거리 대로는 대부분 한 동(洞)에 속한다. 로명대로(路名大路)는 남부순환로 등 8개가 있는데, 기존 도로명을 그대로 따랐다는 공통점이 있다. 의사대로(擬 似大路)는 전국에 141개나 되는데, 대로라고 해도 손색이 없을 정도의 광로(廣路)와 길급 도로에 가까운 협로(狹路)로 크게 구분할 수 있다.

Aedes albopictus is one species of mosquito transmitting flavivirus causing Dengue, Zika, and West Nile fever. Although it is an important disease vector, the genetic study of Ae. alpopictus populations has not been undertaken yet in South Korea. Here, we investigated the genetic variation of 99 Ae. albopictus individuals collected from 29 sites in nine provinces in 2016, through mitochondrial COI gene analysis. Haplotype analyses revealed seven haplogroups in South Korea. The main haplogroup, comprising 76 individuals (77.8%), was genetically identical to the one from Nagasaki. Two groups from Jeju Island (11) and the southern coast of South Korea (nine) were closely related to different Ae. albopictus strains from Kumamoto and Guangdong/Fujian, respectively. However, the others (four) were distinct from these two countries. No geographic divisions of populations were found in the study regions. The results suggest the possibility that the currently prevalent Ae. albopictus in South Korea, represents a part of the descendants that originated from nearby countries. However, more comprehensive investigations are needed to explain its movement routes.

Dengue is the most important arboviral disease in tropical and subtropical areas where 2.5 billion people are at risk of infection. Aedes albopictus will be a major vector transmitting dengue virus in Korea, where this virus overseas inflow is possible. We collected mosquitoes in Jeju, Busan, Gunsan, and Incheon using BG sentinel trap from April to October in 2016. Collected mosquitoes were conducted virus detection using real-time PCR method and analysis bloodmeal source of Ae. albopictus. A total of 15 species comprising 7 genera were identified and 4,854 female mosquitoes collected. The most dominant species ratio (SR) was 52.9% (Culex pippins complex) followed by 20.3% (Ae. albopictus), 10.8% (Ae. vexans nipponi) and Ochlerotatus dorsalis (3.8%). Dengue virus was not detected. Bloodmeal source of Ae. albopictus was mammals (80.9%) followed by birds (18.6) and amphibians (0.5).

The genus of Gustavia Kramer, 1879 comprises 16 species are collectively distributed in the worldwide. Only one species, Gustavia microcephala Nicolet, 1855 has been recorded in Korea. We found a new species, Gustavia aominensis Fujikawa, 2008 to Korean inventory from the litter and soil samples of Sasa borealis at Cheong-ok mountain natural recreation forest. A diagnostic description of this species with detailed illustration and data on its geographical distribution are presented.

Dendrolimus superans (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) has long been acknowledged to present in South Korea under the circumstance of a substantial change in species names of Dendrolimus. In the present study, we found that specimens of D. superans collected from South Korea were D. sibiricus, rather than D. superans. Comparison of Korean specimens to the D. superans from Japan and the D. sibiricus from Russia in terms of wing morphology, female and male genitalia, a partial COI gene sequence, and a partial internal spacer sequence 2 (ITS2) consistently supported the presence of D. sibiricus in South Korea. Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated sequences of COI and ITS2 from available individuals of D. sibiricus and D. superans both by Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods the Korea samples to be D. sibiricus.

The subgenus Parabates Förster, 1869 is one of 12 subgenera of the genus Netelia belonging to the subfamily Tryphoninae. Parabates of the genus Netelia is a small subgenus with only six species worldwide. In South Korea, Lee & Cha (1996, 2000) reported N. (P.) fusca Konishi and N. (P.) ishiharai Uchida. In the present study, an additional species, N. (P.) nigricarpus, is recorded for the first time from South Korea. Diagnoses and photographs of the diagnostic characteristics of known species are provided. This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2016R1A6A3A03007788).

South Korean species of the genus Eusterinx Förster are reviewed here. Nine species of the genus Eusterinx are found to occur in South Korea, and five species, Eusterinx (Eusterinx) sp. nov. 1, E. (Holomeristus) sp. nov. 2, E. (Ischyracis) sp. nov. 3, E. (Ischyracis) sp. nov. 4, and E. (Ischyracis) sp. nov. 5, are described as new. A key to all known species of the genus Eusterinx occurring in South Korea is provided.

Chalcididae Latreille, 1817 currently include 1,464 extant species in 87 genera in the world. This family is probably easy to define taxonomically. Body robust with coarse puncture, prepectus extremely narrow, hind femur typically swollen and on inner margin with one or more teeth. Members of this family are primary endoparasitoids on pupa of Diptera and Lepidoptera. Up to date, only 12 species of 6 genera belonging to three subfamilies have been recorded from South Korea. As a result of this study, six species (Chalcis sp. 1, Conura sp. 1, Haltichella cf. nipponensis Habu, Hockeria cf. bifasciata Walker, Proconura sp. 1 and Steninvreia cf. petiolata Bouček) in Chalcididae are recorded for the first time in South Korea. Among them four genera (Haltichella Spinola, Hockeria Walker, Proconura Dodd and Steninvreia Bouček) are recorded for the first time in South Korea. Therefore, 18 species of 10 genera in Chalcididae are recorded from South Korea.

Pteromalinae Dalman, 1820 are the largest subfamily in Pteromalidae and currently include 2,073 extant species of 314 genera. This group is probably difficult to define taxonomically. Members of this subfamily are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera larvae and pupae. Up to date, only 46 species of 30 genera belonging to five subfamilies have been recorded from South Korea. As a result of this study, we reported 25 unrecorded species of 13 genera for the first time from South Korea. Therefore, 71 species of 43 genera in Pteromalinae are recorded from South Korea.

Leucospidae Walker are a relatively small family in Chalcidoidea, and they consist of four genera and about 140 species in worldwide. In neighboring countries, 12 species are known from China and four species are known from Japan, but only one species is known from South Korea by Paik (1974). In this study, Leucospis yasumatsui Habu is reported for the frist time from South Korea. A key to South Korean species of the genus Leucospis Fabricius, diagnosis, photos of characteristics and distribution from South Korea are provided.