This study was conducted to analyze relationships between depression indices, mini nutritional assessment scores, and nutritional quotients among 80 elderly in Yangpyeong-gun and to identify factors that help prevent depression and malnutrition. Nutrition assessment scores were low in the high-risk group (PHQ-9 score 10), and nutritional quotient scores were lower in the high-risk group than in the normal group (PHQ-9 score 4). Interestingly, the consumption frequencies of fruits, eggs, and nuts were low in the high-risk group, and subjective health awareness, dental condition, and sleep were poorer. The total PHQ-9 score was correlated with malnutrition, body mass index, calf circumference, weight change, independent daily living, reduced meal amount, water intake, and the need for help when eating. Analysis of correlations between items of the PHQ-9 and nutritional status evaluation indices showed that a self-perceived feeling of depression, low energy, difficulty controlling sleep or appetite, negative thoughts (e.g., failure, disappointment), and difficulty concentrating were negatively correlated with total nutritional status scores. These results show that attention is required when food or water intake decreases and that deviation from normal sleep and appetite cycles flags the need to prepare guidelines to prevent depression.

본 연구는 제5차 국가산림자원조사(2006-2010)에서 조사된 편백을 대상으로 흉고직경에 따른 수고 생장곡선식과 초기 수고생장 모델을 개발하여 편백의 초기 생장특성을 고려한 합리적인 산림경영계획 수립에 필요한 기초자료를 제공할 목적으로 실시하였다. 연구자료는 제5차 국가산림자원조사 자료 중 편백 표준목 353본에 대한 수고, 흉고직경, 연륜생장 자료를 이용하였다. 흉고직경에 따른 수고 생장곡선식은 Petterson 식, Log 식, Michailow 식을 이용하여 개발하였으며, 연령에 따른 초기 수고생장 모델은 Chapman-Richards 식, Gompertz 식, Schumacher 식을 이용하여 개발하였다. 본 연구 결과, 모델 검정을 통하여 흉고직경에 따른 수고 생장곡선식은 Petterson 식이 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났으며, 초기 수고생장 모델은 Gompertz 식이 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 개발한 초기 수고생장 모델을 그래프로 나타낸 결과 편백은 13년생일 때 연간 수고생장량이 0.54m로 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 편백의 생장 특성 관련 연구에 활용할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 초기의 편백 조림지에 대하여 합리적인 산림경영계획 수립에 유용한 기초자료가 될 것으로 기대된다.

This study was a qualitative investigation into the food security and food variety among the rural elderly. For the qualitative data collection, nineteen elderly people who lived in Yangpyeong-gun were interviewed individually. Food security and variety was evaluated based on accessibility and affordability. The participants seemed to have difficulty preparing their own meals and eating with their families or others. The frequency of vegetable intake was found to be high, as vegetables were available through cultivation. However, in terms of diversity, the intake of meat and milk, which are sources of protein and calcium, was found to be significantly low. This has to do with very poor physical accessibility. A lack of nutrition education was identified as the biggest reason for not following dietary therapy despite having a pre-existing disease condition. Therefore, for the elderly in Yangpyeong-gun, it is suggested that a basic nutrition policy for food supply that can increase their actual intake is more essential than education on cooking and nutrients. Moreover, periodic nutrition education or a regular counseling system for dietary therapy through local public health centers may help improve the health of the elderly.

The endothelium, a continuous monolayer of cells that surrounds blood vessels, has a variety of physiological roles. Chronic exposure to psychological and physical stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation activates the endothelial signaling cascade, resulting in vascular dysfunction such as vasospasm, thrombosis, and abnormal vascular proliferation. Aging is also a significant factor in vascular dysfunction, mainly developing structural and functional changes in the endothelium. The molecules involved in endothelial dysfunction are typically angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), Tie2, and tight junction proteins. Ang-1, an oligomeric-secreted glycoprotein, is required for the correct organization and maturation of newly-formed vessels. Ang-1 binding to tyrosine kinase receptors Tie-2 leads to the phosphorylation and activation of multiple signaling pathways related to vascular permeability. Endothelial junctions are another vital target of Tie-2 activation. Nutrition and food are closely connected with vascular dysfunction and permeability. The caloric restriction prevents age-related declines in endothelial function. Dietary patterns that prioritize moderate intake of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, and lean meats improve endothelial function in the elderly. Natural products such as Centella asiatica, Pueraria montana, and Piper retrofractum have also been shown to help inhibit endothelial dysfunction. This review provides an update on aging-related vascular dysfunction and the role of food and nutrition.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sensory properties and consumer preference of Korean menu for different cooking water. Mineral water (MW) and bottled water (BW) were used as cooking water. Sensory attributes were derived by qualitative evaluation, and preference tests were conducted using the duo-trio test and 9 point likert scale. Mechanic properties were also evaluated. For the sensory attribute, properties such as tough, greasy, glossy, salty were derived when cooked with MW. For consumer preference, overall taste, aftertaste, and degree of sticky of bap were significantly higher in MW than in BW (p<0.05). The preference for the rich flavor of sagol broth (p<0.05) was significantly higher in MW than in BW. Preference for taste and flavor of omija-hwachae was higher than BW (p<0.01). In the mechanical properties test, food material boiled with MW showed higher property for cohesiveness and gumminess (p<0.05). In conclusion, cooking water with high calcium and magnesium content has been evaluated to enhance the palatability of Korean menus such as bap and sagol broth, and thus it is considered that various Korean menus can be applied. This suggests that dietary calcium and magnesium intake can be increased by using cooking water with a high calcium and magnesium content.

This study was a qualitative investigation into hemodialysis patients' dietary practices. The purpose of this study was to explore the obstacles and requirements to maintain a recommended diet therapy in hemodialysis patients. Five patients undergoing hemodialysis in the renal chamber of the general hospital were interviewed individually. The interviews were based on an interview guide and analyzed by Giorgi’s method of analysis. As a result of this study, five elemental factors and 12 subelemental factors were derived. Derived elements were “difficulty in dietary guidelines”, “recognizing necessity of diet therapy”, “awareness of importance of diet”, “difficulty practicing diet therapy”, and “looking for ways to practice diet therapy”. Patients not only felt difficulties in practicing dietary guidelines but also recognized the need and importance of diet therapy. Patients seemed to have difficulty practicing meal therapy and eating with their families or others. They were also stressed by the limited selection of dietary components and rapid dietary changes before and after dialysis. However, patients showed a willingness to implement dietary management to improve their quality of life and to practice dietary therapy. In order to improve the practice of dietary management in hemodialysis patients, nutritional education should be focused on long-term dietary habits through continuous education and monitoring, not just one-off education. Moreover, patients should be educated that adherence to dietary control may be less burdensome on their families.

Functional foods for health are often consumed among adolescents. To investigate functional food usage, this study surveyed 326 students aged 14-16. 56.3% of the subjects answered that they were interested in health. More than 76% of the subjects thought themselves to be very healthy. Users of functional foods made up 56.7%, and among all types of functional food, probiotic supplements were taken most frequently, followed by nutritional supplements>red ginseng products>enzyme containing products. Most users of functional food got the information on functional food through family (71.3%). 50.3% of users experienced the effectiveness of the functional food when they supplemented. After use, repurchase intent was 58.1%. In order to investigate the relationship between academic stress and functional food usage, groups were classified as stressful (n=124), intermediate (n=122), and low stress (n=84) according to self-perception about stress. There was no significant difference in the intake of functional foods according to academic stress. However, in the intermediate stress group, academic stress index was improved in the users of functional foods. In conclusion, the results of this study can be used to develop functional foods in the future, possibly helping to prepare nutrition education materials, reducing academic stress among adolescents with middle stress.

Curcumin have various health-beneficial properties in numerous studies. However, its bioavailability is low due to its limited intestinal uptake and rapid metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of newly developed sub-micron particle curcumin with increased water dispersibility (Theracurmin® CR-033P). Plasma curcumin levels were measured at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 h after Theracurmin® CR-033P intake using high-performance liquid chromatography. For analyzing pharmacokinetics of Theracurmin® CR-033P, eighteen healthy subjects were recruited and received Theracurmin® CR-033P at a single oral dose containing curcumin 30 mg. Cmax was 28.14 ng/ml, and the area under the curve for 8 h was estimated to be 104.36 ng/ml. Based on the area under the plasma concentration (AUC), the bioavailability of sub-micron particle curcumin was higher 22-, 35-, 28-fold than native curcumin in men, women, and all subjects, respectively. For comparing by formulation, seven healthy subjects were recruited and received two type of treatment: (1) existing dosage form 300 mg (contained curcumin 30 mg) × 3 capsule, (2) high dosage form 300 mg (contained curcumin 90 mg) × 1 capsule + placebo 300 mg × 2 capsule. In the cross-over study, there was no significant differences in Cmax and AUC of plasma curcumin. In conclusion, submicron particle curcumin with increased water dispersibility significantly improved its oral bioavailability and women absorbed curcumin more effectively than men. Different formulation of Theracurmin® CR-033P has shown equivalent to the reference in terms of pharmacokinetics.

Despite growing interest in Korean foods, South-east Asian consumers’ perception and acceptance of Korean foods have not been well elucidated. This study was conducted to understand South-east Asian Muslim consumers’ perception and acceptance of Korean foods and the association with their food neophobia level. Ninety-three Muslim consumers (mean ages 25.2, men 35.5%, women 64.5%) from Malaysia (72%), Indonesia (16.1%), and Singapore (11.9%) rated their degree of food neophobia as well as recognition and acceptance of representative Korean menu items. Background data such as duration of stay and Korean food consumption habits were collected. Overall, participants perceived Korean foods positively (4.04 on a 5-point hedonic scale). Most well-recognized Korean foods were gimbap and bulgogi, whereas less-known spicy foods such as ojingoe deopbap were most liked among items that were actually consumed. A neophobic group rated Korean foods less favorably than neutral and neophilic groups (p<0.05). Future studies are required to identify whether or not South-east Asian Muslim consumers’ food neophobia is formed under the influence of religious regulations or reflect individual consumers’ personal traits.

The electron transport chain (ETC) delivers electrons from many substrates to reduce molecular oxygen to water. ETC accomplishes the stepwise transfer of electrons through series of protein complexes conferring oxidation‐reduction reactions with concomitant transport of p roton across membrane, g enerating a proton g radient which leads ATP s ynthesis b y F0F1ATPase. Bacterial ETC initiates with oxidation of NADH by NADH dehydrogenase complex (complex I). Therefore, damage of complex I leads to insufficient function of ETC and accumulation of NADH inside the cell. Contribution of ETC activity and its consequent changes of NADH levels to bacterial damage response against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) has been poorly understood. In this study, by constructing ndh mutant Salmonella lacking complex I NADH dehydrogenase 2, we evaluated the effect of ETC deficiency to bacterial resistance against ROS and RNS. The growth of ndh mutant Salmonella is impaired in the culture media containing hydrogen peroxide, but rather accelerates in the media containing nitric oxide donors. Data suggest that redox potential of NADH accumulated inside the cell by ETC blockage may affect inversely to bacterial resistance against reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species.

This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of food commodity supplementary program for low-income, living alone elderly people. The subjects were 57 low income aged females who lived alone in Bucheon city. The food commodity supplementary program lasted for 6 months, supplying one meal per day consisting with grains, meat, vegetables, dairy and fruit. Dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, and blood profiles were assessed. After 6 months of food commodity supplemented period, dietary intakes of protein(p〈0.05), calcium(p〈0.05), iron(p〈0.05) and vitamin B(p〈0.001) were significantly increased. The mean weight(p〈0.05) and BMI(p〈0.05) were increased, and the frequency of BMI over 25kg/m2 was also raised from 54.4% to 59.7%. Serum concentrations of total protein(p〈0.001) and albumin(p〈0.001) were significantly increased, indicating improvement of protein status. The frequency of anemia was decreased from 45.6% to 26.3%. However, the proportion of dyslipidemia was increased. In general the stable food commodity supplementary program was effective to improve general nutritional status of the poor aged who lived alone, however, nutrient intakes still did not meet RDA for the elderly and the rates of obesity and dyslipidemia were increased. Therefore, local government should provide more active food support program and the selection of food items for commodity should be evaluated at regular intervals.

To examine the utilization of the soluble proteoglucan in oats as a nutraceutical ingredient, soluble components were extracted from Oat Bran Concentrate (OBC) by varying the experiment factors such as temperature (40
60oC), ethyl alcohol concentration (0~20%), and pH (5~9), and then analyzed for their compositions and viscosity. The total yield of oat soluble extracts ranged between 6.4~17.9 and the contents of β-glucan, protein, lipid, and ash in oat extracts were 21.4~38.3%, 23.2~29.0%, 8.3~11.8%, and 5.9~7.9%, respectively. The extraction yield increased with the extraction temperature, but decreased with the alcohol concentration and pH. The β-glucan and protein contents increased with increasing temperature and decreasing ethanol concentration. However, the pH level did not influenced those contents. The viscosity of 2% oat extract solution ranged between 8.6~83.1 cp at different share rates, showing the pseudo-plastic flow properties. Results suggested that extraction condition could be controlled the purity of β-glucan and protein and applied commercially to the large-scale process.