The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of wear resistance with 3D printing of DLP(Digital Light Processing). For this purpose, three wear factor which are wear loss, coefficient of friction and friction force applied to test wear-resistance. Wear test of ball-on-disk has been performed using steel balls to determine the variation of wear characteristics. Finally, the coefficient of wear was calculated by the Archard wear equation with 3D printing of DLP.

Ni and Ni-Cr reinforced Al alloy (AC8A) composites were fabricated by low pressure infiltration process. Porous Ni was applied as preform. Ni reinforced AC8A composites were fabricated under 0.3 MPa at 650, 700 and 750 degrees centigrade, respectively, while Ni-Cr reinforced AC8A composites were fabricated under low pressure limited to the maximum of 0.5 Mpa at 750, 800 and 850 degrees centigrade, respectively. Microstructure and phase composition of the composites were evaluated by optical microscope, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), electro-probe micro analyzer (EMPA). Intermetallic compounds Al3Ni and CrSi were observed in the composites. The results indicate that the grain size has been increasing with the increase of the infiltration temperatures. However, the wear resistance of Ni/AC8A and Ni-Cr AC8A peaked at 650 degree centigrade and 800 degrees centigrade, respectively. In addition, based on the wear characteristics and wear surfaces, Ni-Cr/AC8A composites have a better wear resistance than Ni/AC8A composites and AC8A.

Despite both domestic and overseas markets are depressed due to the global financial crisis - the apparel industry is no exception, the market for the outdoor wears including the hiking ones has been recording a high growth rate, making the outdoor wear a high growth industry. The purpose of this study was to provide some basic data useful to our outdoor businesses to help them respond to consumers' needs in the rapidly growing outdoor markets. For silhouettes, the point was given primarily to the oblique cutting to have it follow the human body curves and thereby, look natural and slim. Another point was given to the color schemes along the cutting lines, so that an effect of optical illusion could be created to make the wears look slim making use of lines and colors. On the other hand, in consideration of the rapidly changing weather conditions during hiking, the details were designed practically by setting appropriate hip lengths, using attachable/detachable hoods as well as applying the Velcro & rubber band-type set-in sleeves for the tail edges. As discussed above, the researcher analyzed the design elements for the outdoor wears and developed some sensuous designs meeting consumers' needs to help our outdoor wear businesses to expand their target base, while awakening them of the importance of the outdoor fashion.

The purpose of this study is to supply available data for men's fashion design planning by analyzing the trend and design tendency of the preppy look in the domestic men's collection. In the men's collection of Seoul fashion week from 2011 S/S to 2015 S/S, 494 photos judged to be the preppy look by three design specialists were chosen in Seoul fashion week and style.com’s web-site. Design analyses were compiled based on year, season, brands, item, color, material, and silhouette. The preppy look was found often in S/S season, three piece combinations were the most common, and “H”, “I” silhouettes were also popular. Refined black and refreshing orange were used with traditional preppy colors like navy, beige, gray, and white. Contrast color arrangement and neutral, moderate tones were seen repeatedly. Two-thirds of fabrics were pattern-less with clean, bulky, and soft textures. Coordinating accessories like hats, backpacks, books, headsets were used frequently. Among the various preppy fashion types, there were ‘traditional preppy’ faithful to tradition, ‘sophisticated preppy’ with refined semi-formal look, ‘sportive preppy’ with active sports sense, and ‘natural preppy’ with natural and comfortable senses. In a contemporary preppy look, traditional and practical senses are combined with casual and sportive pieces. This study can provide the data for design planning, interpreting, and applying the fashion themes along with contemporary sensibilities since the preppy look is based on cultural history.

GNPs have several excellent mechanical properties including high strength, a good young’s modulus, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, electronic shielding, etc. In this study, CF/GNP/Epoxy composites were manufactured using GNP weight ratios of 0.15 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.7 wt% and 1 wt%. The composites were manufactured with a mechanical method (3-roll-mill). Tensile, impact and wear tests were performed according to ASTM standards D3039, D256 and D3181, respectively. The results show that the CF/GNP0.3wt%/Epoxy composites have good mechanical properties, e.g., tensile strength and impact and wear resistance. In this study, both carbon fabric and GNPs were used as reinforcements in the composites. The mechanical properties increased and weight loss decreased as the GNP content in the resin films was increased.

The effects of coating parameters were investigated in wear resistance coatings of Diamalloy-406 on Inconel 718 to obtain an optimum coating condition by high velocity oxy-fuel spraying. The coating parameters, the flow rates of source gases (hydrogen and oxygen), the powder feed rate, and the spray distance, were designed by the Taguchi method. The optimal conditions were determined: oxygen flow rate 34 FRM, hydrogen flow rate 57 FRM, powder feed rate 35 g/min, and spray distance 7 inch. Friction coefficients of the coating and the substrate decreased with an increasing sliding surface temperature from 25 oC to 450 oC. The friction coefficient of Diamalloy-4006 coating decreased as the sliding surface temperature increased from 0.43 ± 0.01 at 25 oC to 0.29 ± 0.01 at 450 oC. The wear trace and wear depth of the coating were smaller than the substrate at all temperatures tested. The relationship between spray parameters and wear resistance was discussed extensively, based on the measured roughness, hardness, and porosity in each coating.

목 적: 한센환자에게 변색안경 착용 전, 후의 자각증상에 따른 차이를 비교하고, 변색안경으로 인한 눈물과 눈부심의 증상이 완화되었는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 원주에 거주하고 있는 한센환자 29명(남자 9명(31%), 여자 20명(69%), 평균연령 74.86±5.86세)을 대상으로 자각증상을 설문으로 조사하였으며 시력검사와 안경처방검사를 병행하였다. 대상자들의 최초 상태를 검사한 후 변색안경 착용 2개월 후(23명)에 2차 문진을 통해 자각증상의 변화를 확인하였다. 결 과: 대상자 58안의 나안시력은 0.29±0.18이었고 교정시력은 0.44±0.21이었으며 교정효과는 22.58± 18.05%이었다. 자각증상으로 눈부심(26명), 침침함(25명), 눈의 피로(18명), 눈물(17명), 등으로 나타났으며 변색렌즈를 착용 후 자각증상의 순서는 문제없음(21명), 침침함(1명) 이물감(1명), 눈의 피로(1명)로 나타났다. 안경 착용 전 눈물흘림은 실내에서 무증상 10명, 경함 9명 중등도 9명, 심함 1명이었으며 실외에서는 무증상 10명, 경함 6명, 중등도 11명, 심함 2명이었다. 눈부심은 실내에서 무증상 5명, 경함 18명, 중등도 4명, 심함 2명으로 실외에서 무증상 5명, 경함 16명, 중등도 4명, 심함 4명이었다. 변색안경 착용 후 눈물흘림과 눈부심의 증상을 살펴본 결과 눈물은 실내에서 무증상 19명, 경함 4명이었다. 실외에서 무증상 20명, 경함 2명, 중등도 1명이었다. 눈부심은 실내에서는 전원 무증상 23명이었으며 실외에서는 무증상 22명, 경함 1명이었다. 눈의 피로는 무증상 22명, 경함 1명으로 호전되었다. 결 론: 한센환자에게 변색안경의 착용전후 자각증상의 차이가 유의하게 나타났다. 따라서 변색안경은 자각증상을 완화하는 효과가 있으며 특히 눈물흘림과 눈부심 증상이 호전되었다. 눈물과 눈부심이 있는 한센 환자에게 변색안경의 착용은 자각증상을 개선시켜주는데 상당히 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

This study was conducted on young children safety helmet to prevent risk of head injuries from external shock. Young children helmet shall be easy to wear and use comfortably. But the young children helmet market in domestic has imported dependently and widely variations in quality because the euro product of high priced and the east asia product of low priced are selling at the same time. Therefore, this study surveyed children under 13 years of age and Married people and studies their actual state of wearing. Furthermore, this study is going to propese the improving wearing of helmet and the major points of quality of helmet and the problem by comparing and reviewing regulations of domestic and foreign.

Material for high-speed airframe are typically selected such that high ablation resistance is maintained on the material surface while high pull-strength is maintained inside the material. However, in case of application to extremely severe condition, the material should have better mechanical properties. Thus, heat treatment or surface treatment is utilized to improve the mechanical properties. This study is conducted as a preliminary research to improve the mechanical properties of vehicle material considering the frictional heat produced during high-speed vehicle is in motion. In this study, Inconel 625 alloy, widely used material for the application of high-speed air vehicle, is ion nitriding processed and then mechanical property test and wear test on this material are conducted consequently. As results, mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength and hardness are increased, and also wear rate is increased at particular condition.

The magnitude of wear should be at a minimum for numerous automobile and aeronautical components. In the current work, composites were prepared by varying the cenosphere content using the conventional stir casting method. A uniform distribution of particles was ensured with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three major parameters were chosen from various factors that affect the wear. A wear test was conducted with a pin-on-disc apparatus; the controlling parameters were volume percentages of reinforcement of 5, 10, 15, and 20%, applied loads of 9.8, 29.42, and 49.03 N, and sliding speeds of 1.26, 2.51, and 3.77 m/s. The design of the experiments (DOE) was performed by varying the different influencing parameters using the full factorial method. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the effects of the parameters on the wear rate. Using regression analysis, a response curve was obtained based on the experimental results. The parameters in the resulting curve were optimized using the Genetic Algorithm (GA). The GA results were compared with those of an alternate efficient algorithm called Neural Networks (NNs).

‘Well-being’ is an important trend and issue that requires consumers to be satisfied with various functional fabrics; subsequently, functional fabrics that are highly sensible, functional, and environmentally friendly have a competitive edge (O’Mahony & Braddock, 2002; Hui, Lau & Ng, 2004). Recent interest in environmental protection due to global warming has led to various energy reduction campaigns. Fabric research has focused on developing cool summer fabrics and warm winter fabrics. The selection of a correct textile material is important to form a pleasant clothing climate. New fabric development requires new measurement methods. Warm/cool touch is a major factor that influences thermal clothing comfort. Current measurements of warm/cool touch is mainly assessed by Q-max using Thermo-LaboⅡ. The potential of using an infrared thermography camera (widely used because of its relatively cheap price) on warm/cool touch research has increased because it can visually show changes in clothing surface temperature. Skin temperature is a factor that influences heat exchange between the body and environment. It also indicates the effectiveness of the heat transfer process. It is an important standard to evaluate thermal comfort in thermal physiology. The techniques to measure skin temperature have been investigated to find more accurate data (Min, Chung, Sung, Jeon, & Kim, 2001). A thermometer is generally used to measure body temperature; however, there are some difficulties to accurately measure skin temperature using a thermometer. First, skin temperature was determined by only a few points on the body. Second, heat occurs during exercising due to fabric and thermometer friction that creates difficulties for the accurate measurement of skin temperature. A previous study by Choi & Lee (2008) indicated that it would be possible to evaluate the thermal properties of clothing using infrared thermal images. This study used a garment with different triacetate and PET high absorbance quick dry filament blending ratios and chose three healthy female subjects in their twenties to evaluate wear comfort sensations. They walked at 3.3 km/h for 20 minutes under conditions of 29±2℃ and 75±5% R.H. Subjective assessments of wear coolness, microclimate, and the thermogram image under the clothing were measured before and after exercising. We compared the results of the microclimate and subjective assessments with the results of the thermogram analyses. Clothing, high blended with triacetate, had a small average temperature difference as indicated by infrared thermal image. This result corresponded to subjective thermal sensation, microclimate humidity, and subjective wear comfort.

The rapid development of digital technology makes it possible for fashion to combine new materials and technologies that maximize visual effects. In particular, the development of various fashionable technologies, which advocate a strong experimental nature of forward-looking images, have appeared in various ways by varying costumes with multi-functional concepts which have never seen so far, or interactive fashions. This study identifies formative features and the implicative meaning of inflatable fashion by escaping from traditional methods and function of costumes to analyze various types of inflatable wear that have function and form vary depending on the situation. Since the 1960s, new PVC and polyurethane materials and the development of high-frequency sewing technique enabled the mass production of inflatable products in rides and household goods that produced inflatable costumes to trigger a new visual interest in fashion. Inflatable wear, launched from a space look, has combined with digital technologies since 2000. Inflatable wear, one of various concepts of shifting wear, can transform function and form using a sensor in given circumstances that enable a focus on transformation. Therefore, it has been changed using multi-functionalities that can cope with a varying environment. The first type of inflatable wear, which represents an expansive simple costume image, is expressed as a swollen and expanded type such as part of skirt or jacket or dress. The representative work is ‘Kinship Journeys’ (2003-4 A/W Collection) published by Hussein Chalayan, which expresses the extension of simple forms and the extension of concepts. The second type of inflatable wear is a form conversion by remote control where the form was expanded by air insertion. However, this type has been produced by performance costumes that focus on immediate variability through digital technology. Diana Eng’s ‘Inflatable Dress’ is a work that shows a visual form conversion that highlights soft silk chiffon materials to plastic-looking materials with improvements in a flat silhouette to an extended three-dimensional structure. The third type of inflatable wear is the usage conversion type of multifunction concept. It is expressed by a function shifting design that uses a multipurpose concept through a conversion of usage and form. A sleeping bag, the representative work developed by C.P Company, can be used for multiple purposes such as a parka that wraps the full body or also acts as an up-and-down separable jumper; a sleeping bag form at bedtime and a bag form when moving. An analysis of inflatable wear types showed the following results. First, inflatable wear is an enlarged concept of costume different from traditional conventional costume stereotypes that creates an expanded communication and exchange space to express the garment of wrapping human bodies in liberal and various ways. Second, fashion combined with technology acts as a multifunction that actively introduces mobility and variability in costumes and expands the meaning and concept of fashion. Third, inflatable wear fashion is expressed as a performance arena moving forward from an experimental fashion show form that shows a distinctive difference before and after air insertion. Fashion design is identified as a method to stimulate human emotion and exchange mutual feelings and as a multi-purpose device that allows the protection and concealment; consequently, it is the best method to create visual stories that express the socio-cultural trends and conditions.

Three categories of basic consumer needs are functional, symbolic, or experiential (Shimp, 2010). Functional climbing wear is specially designed garment for outdoor activity and climbing movement using optimized textiles and garment making engineering process. Therefore, visible feature such as color and design could not provide sufficient information of products for proper communication between company and consumer. Product information of functional wear can be delivered to the consumers via Hang-Tag or advertising but the contents of Hang-Tag are too difficult for the consumers to understandfunctional performance of the product (Lee, Bang, & Yoo, 2014). As to advertisements of functional clothing, its contents and appeal types do not much differ from those of fashion apparel providing no functional information with celebrity models; percentage of no functional information ads were the highest (Liu & Yoo, 2014). This study stared to answer the question, ‘is functional information essential in the ads of functional clothing?’ and ‘is it successful?’ The aim of this study, therefore, was to examine the effects of functional information in the advertisements of functional climbing wear. The advertising effectiveness was measured by ‘communicability’, ‘reliability’,‘favorability’ of the advertisement and ‘awareness and reliability of product’, and ‘purchasing related influence’. For the stimulus,10 different types of advertisements were prepared by combining of the following factors: functional information (whether or not to include), appeal type (rational/emotional), and model type (celebrity/non-celebrity/no-human). For the survey, 388 adults in their 20-50’s were participated. The results showed that regardless ofappeal type or model type, functional information enhanced ‘communicability’, ‘reliability’, ‘favorability’ of the advertisement and ‘awareness and reliability of product’, and ‘purchasing related influence’. It implied the importance andnecessity of functional information in the functional climbing wear advertisement.When other variables were controlled, emotional appeal with human models,especially celebrity model, enhanced the advertising effects. Meanwhile, advertisement with rationalappeal and functional information resulted in better ‘favorability’ of ads even without celebritymodels.The finding from this study could be useful information for the functional clothing company to planstrategies for effective advertisement of their products.

This study investigates the size marking differences in domestic and international cycle wear brands offered in Korea and provides basic material to develop a size system for cycle wear suitable for the Korean somatotype. Study methods include size systems suggested in the web-sites of domestic and international cycle wear brands offered in Korea. Brands used for the study included 8 brands (3 domestic brands, 2 Italian brands, 1 Australian brand, 1 Swiss brand and 1 Japanese brand). The results of this study were as follows. Domestic brand A company marked the size from 85 to 110 based on height(cm) and weight(kg) and indicated the actual size of the product for customers to refer to. Domestic brand B company marked the size from ES:85 to 2XL:110 based on height(cm) and weight(kg), Domestic brand C company marked unisex size from XS to XXL based on weight(kg) and height(cm) and waist circumference(inch)with a separately marked women size XS-M. Italian brand, D company marked size from S-4XL for men based on height, chest, waist, hip circumference size(cm) and XS-2XL for women. Italian brand F company marked size from S-3XL for men and XS-XL for women based on chest, waist and hip circumference size(cm). Japanese brand G company marked size fromS-3L for men based on height, chest, waist circumference size(cm) and S-XL for women based on height, chest, waist and hip circumference size(cm). Australian brand H company marked sizes as XS-XXL based on chest circumference size(cm) for upper clothes for men and for women XXS-XL. For bottom clothes, they marked sizes XS-XXL for men based on waist circumference size(inch) and XXS-XL for women based on waist and hip circumference size(inch). Swiss brand, I company marked men sizes as XS-XLG and TIR based on a chest circumference size(cm) based on height(cm) for bottom clothes and chest circumference size(cm) for upper clothes with XS-XL for women based on a hip circumference size(cm) for bottom clothes and chest circumference size(cm) for upper clothes. In conclusion, domestic brands have a wide range of sizes and utilize a range of weight against height to cover various body somatotype. The Italian brand indicated that S size is bigger than other brands when it comes to deviation and a relatively small size tolerance with each size. Japanese brands have a well-organized size system based on height and basic body measurements. Australian brand are variously distributed without regular dimension tolerances for each size and Swiss brands have bigger round sizes. The investigation of size marking for domestic and international cycle wear showed that cm and inch are combined and that each country has a different size system with significant difference in dimension and size deviation. Thus, there is a need to establish standards and develop a domestic size system for international cycle wear and the purchase of overseas brands. However, it has the limitation in generalization of results because there is a little investigation brand.

This research examines the effect of luxury brand's logo on disparity between explicit and implicit attitudes. Using implicit association test, the results show that there is no correlation between implicit attitude and explicit attitude towrd a luxury product when luxury brand's logo is present (i.e., Prada). In contrast, implicit attitude and explicit attitude are negatively correlated when luxury logo is absent (i.e., Bottega Veneta).

This study investigated the microstructure and wear resistance property of HPHT (high pressure high temperature) sintered PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) in accordance with initial molding pressure. After quantifying an identical amount of diamond powder, the powder was inserted in top of WC-Co sintered material, and molded under four different pressure conditions (50, 100, 150, 200 kgf/cm2). The obtained diamond compact underwent sintering in high pressure, high temperature conditions. In the case of the 50 kgf/cm2 initial molding pressure condition, cracks were formed on the surface of PDC. On the other hand, PDCs obtained from 100~200 kgf/cm2 initial molding pressure conditions showed a meticulous structure. As molding pressure increased, low Co composition within PDC was detected. A wear resistance test was performed on the PDC, and the 200 kgf/cm2 condition PDC showed the highest wear resistance property.

목 적: 각막굴절교정렌즈 착용 후 시력의 질 변화를 알아보기 위하여 시력의 질과 객관적 시력을 측정하 고 착용 전과 비교하였다. 방 법: 각막굴절교정렌즈를 처음 처방받은 사람으로 매일 밤에 적어도 8시간 이상 각막굴절교정렌즈를 착용할 수 있으며 굴절이상도가 근시 -6.00 D 이하, 난시 -2.00 D 이하인 45명(85안)을 대상으로 하였다. 굴절검사는 자동굴절검사기를 이용하였고, 시력은 LCD Chart ETDRS를 사용하였다. 시력의 질 평가를 위 해 OQAS(optical quality analysis system II)를 이용하여 MTF(modulation transfer function), Strehl ratio, OSI(objective scattering index)와 객관적 시력 OV(OQAS values)를 측정하였고, 각막굴절교정렌즈 착용 전에는 구면 굴절력과 원주 굴절력을 시험용 안경렌즈로 교정한 후 측정하였다. 검사값은 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 분석하였으며 유의수준은 p<0.05로 하였다. 결 과: 각막굴절교정렌즈 착용 후 나안시력은 각막굴절교정렌즈 착용 전 0.79±0.24 LogMAR에서 1개월 후 0.03±0.05 LogMAR로 유의하게 개선되었고(p<0.001), OQAS로 측정한 객관적 시력 OV100% 및 OV20%는 렌즈 착용 전 교정시력과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나(p>0.05), OV9%는 착용 전보다 유의하게 저하되었 다(p=0.011). MTF 값과 Strehl ratio는 각막굴절교정렌즈 착용 후 착용 전보다 유의하게 감소하였고 (p<0.05), OSI 값은 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 결 론: 각막굴절교정렌즈 착용 후 나안시력이 개선되었고 시력의 질을 평가한 MTF cutoff, Strehl ratio 및 OSI 값은 정상 범위 내의 값으로 측정되었으나, 시력의 질은 착용 전보다 저하되고 저대비 객관적시력은 안경렌즈에 의한 교정보다 낮았다.

This study understood what effect was produced on the purchasing decision making of outdoor wear by a shopping orientation, fashion involvement and demographic characteristics offered practical suggestions as to what effect was produced on the store selection criteria, product selection criteria for purchasing decision making in purchasing outdoor wear. This research was conducted through a questionnaire survey, and 397 males in were collected for analysis. The results were as follows. First, shopping orientation group was classified into hedonic shopping orientation group and utilitarian shopping orientation group. And it was classified into high fashion involvement group and low fashion involvement group according to fashion involvement. Product selection criteria were classified into 2 factors such as intrinsic attributes and extrinsic attributes. And store selection criteria were classified into 4 factors such as store atmosphere, store environment, promotion and salesmen. Second, there was partly significant difference in product selection criteria, and store selection criteria between utilitarian shopping group and hedonic shopping group. Third, there was significant difference in product selection criteria and store selection criteria between high fashion involvement group and low fashion involvement group. Finally, there was significant difference in the and according to age, job, and income among demographic characteristics.