Recently, the ZIF-67 molecular sieve has emerged as an excellent substitute for the ZIF-8 counterpart due to its potentially high propylene/propane separation performance. Here, for the first time, we investigated the effect of ZIF-67 molecular sieves in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for propylene/propane separations by integrating them into 6FDA-DAM polymeric matrix. A thorough investigation on gas transports elucidated that size-based energetic selectivity is a major contributor for the high propylene/propane diffusivity in ZIF-67 containing MMMs. Lastly, the defect-free incorporation of ZIF-67 nanoparticles into 6FDA-DAM polymer matrix effectively retarded physical aging process compared to bare 6FDA-DAM membrane.

A porous polyolefin (e.g. polypropylene and polyethylene) membrane has been commercialized as a lithium ion battery separator. The highly performing thin film composite (TFC) forward osmosis (FO) membrane was fabricated using the porous polyolefin membrane as a support via typical interfacial polymerization process. A very thin thickness (~8 μm) and highly interconnected pore structure of the polyolefin support can greatly reduce the internal concentration polarization, leading to high water flux, as evidenced by its low structural parameter (~168 μm). The prepared polyolefin-supported TFC membrane showed ~3.7 times higher water flux and ~33% lower specific salt flux compared to HTI-CTA commercial FO membrane with 1.0 M NaCl draw solution and DI water feed solution in FO mode. In addition, its excellent mechanical strength enables stable membrane operation.

As a key element in the RED process, the membrane influences the overall power output of the RED stack. Especially, the membrane resistance is one of important properties of the membrane. In this study, CEM(cation exchange membrane) and AEM(anion exchange membrane) consisting of cross-linked polymers in a porous polyolefin substrate were developed to simultaneously satisfy high performance and cost-down of the applied RED system. Physico-chemically stable and ultrathin ion exchange pore filling membranes (cation exchange membranes and anion exchange membranes) with high ion transfer coefficients have been developed for reverse electrodialysis as an energy conversion system. The polymer electrolytes in both cases of cation exchangeable and anion exchangeable ones consisting of the whole hydrocarbon materials were introduced into porous hydrocarbon substrates and crosslinked by radical polymerization in this work. The thickness of the prepared pore filling membranes was controlled between 16 and 23 micrometers to extremely lower membrane resistance and to increase ion transfer. All the properties of the prepared membranes were compared with commercial membranes obtained from Tokuyama, Fuji, and Fuma-Tech. Furthermore, RED cell performance and energy efficiency using the prepared pore filling membranes were also evaluated.

Ionomer membranes which consist of polymer backbones attached with fixed charge groups have been traditionally used in various water treatment processes. Recently, they have also gained increased industrial importance in the applications to electrochemical energy processes such as reverse electrodialysis, fuel cells, redox flow batteries etc. A pore-filled ionomer membrane (PFIM), composed of an inert and tough porous substrate and an ionomer that fills the pores, is considered as a promising candidate for various commercial applications because they can be manufactured via a cheap process and also provide both high ion conductivity and excellent mechanical properties. We will introduce the results on the development of high performance PFIMs for various electrochemical applications.

Recently, the Co-ZIF-8 molecular sieve has emerged as an excellent substitute for the ZIF-8 counterpart due to its potentially high C3H6/C3H8 separation performance. Here, for the first time, we investigated the effect of ZIF-67 molecular sieves in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for C3H6/C3H8 separations by integrating them into 6FDA-DAM polymeric matrix[1]. Our current work demonstrated the superior C3H6/C3H8 separation performance of 6FDA-DAM/ZIF-67 MMMs, which was achieved mainly by the excellent size-based energetic selectivity of Co-ZIF-8 molecular sieves. Also, Co-ZIF-8 containing MMMs exhibited excellent physical aging resistance, further ensuring its potential application of the industrial C3H6/C3H8 separations.

This study investigates the flexural shear strength of ultra high performance concrete I-girder. The effect of aspect ratio on the flexural - shear strength of UHPC was analyzed using finite element analysis. The UHPC I-type girder was modeled using 3D shell elements and analyzed using geometric and material nonlinear analysis. The boundary condition is simple support condition and a displacement load is applied to the center of the upper flange. The results shows that shear strength decreased as the aspect ratio increased and the bending-shear failure of UHPC I-girder does not occur even at larger moment than ordinary concrete due to the cross-linking action of steel fiber.

Prestress is a reinforcement method to control crack due to moment on concrete girders with low tensile strength. In the existing literature, it is mentioned that prestress for ordinary concrete affects not only crack control but also shear strength enhancement. As the construction material improves, UHPC(Ultra-HIgh Performance Concrete) with excellent strength and ductility has been developed by combining ultra-high strength concrete and steel fiber. However, study on the effect of prestress on the shear strength of UHPC with different material properties from ordinary concrete is lacking. Therefore, in this paper, the effect of prestress on the shear behavior of UHPC I-girder is studied by finite element analysis. As a result of the analysis, it has been confirmed that the prestress increases crack strength and shear strength of UHPC.

Polysilsesquioxanes are essentially hybrid materials consisting of inorganic framework and organic functional groups. A proof of concept study for a new type of gas separation membrane was considered based on the ladder-structured poly(phenyl-co-glycidoxypropyl) silsesquioxanes with phenyl:glycidoxypropyl copolymer ratio of 6:4 (LPG64), which were synthesized by a base-catalyzed sol-gel reaction. Also, by selectively introducing polyethylene oxide (PEO) groups covalently bound to the LPSQ, we effectively suppressed the PEO crystallization, allowing for excellent CO2/H2 and CO2/N2 separation under single as well as mixed gas conditions. Engineering molecular structures of LPSQs will be discussed in detail to investigate the fundamentals of gas transport in LPSQ-based membranes as well as their extended application.

폴리벤즈이미다졸(PBI)는 현재 상용 고분자들 중에서 가장 내열성이 좋은 이종고리화합물이다. 우수한 기계적, 화학적 물성 때문에 해당 고분자는 나노공학, 전기공학, 광학, 재료공학과 같은 분야 외에도 쓰임새가 다양하다. 본 연구는 다 공성 폴리벤즈이미다졸 분리막 제조에 있어서 다양한 조건들을 변화함에 따라 나타나는 모폴로지를 관찰하고자 하였고, 그 결과를 이용하여 나노여과막으로써의 다양한 모폴로지 조절을 용이하게 하고자 하였다. 폴리벤즈이미다졸 분리막 제조는 용매-비용매 상전이법을 이용하였고 나이프캐스팅 법을 통하여 분리막 을 제조하였다. 용매와 조용매는 각각 DMAc와 THF를 사용하였으며 IPA와 증류 수로 세척하였다. 모폴로지의 관찰은 주사전자현미경(SEM)을 통해 진행 되었으며 표면과 단면 위주로 촬영을 진행하였다.

Concrete has been widely used for material of bridge girder. However, Concrete is considered as inefficient material for long-span girder. Because it has low material strength compared with those of steel girder, huge cross sectional area are required to have same strength of steel girder bridges. UHPC(Ultra High Performance Concrete) as new material is developed to supplement this weakness of concrete. UHPC has high compressive strength and show softness behavior due to it is reinforced by fiber. If UHPC has no any reinforcement for shear, diagonal tension crack failure is dominant like normal concrete. So, reinforcement for shear is essential and prestress is efficient method of reinforcement for UHPC due to high compressive strength. However, design equation for shear strength suggested by K-UHPC Certification(2012) do not consider prestress effect. Therefore, this study investigate effect of prestress for shear strength of ultra high performance concrete I-girder by using finite element analysis program

연료전지는 화석연료, 특히 내연기관을 대체할 수 있는 가장 대표전인 에너지 기술이다. 가장 중요한 핵심 재료 중 하나로서 연료기체의 장벽 역할을 함과 동시에 수소이온전달 역할을 하는 고분자 전해질 막(PEM)이 있다. PEM 내부에서 수화 채널은 수소이온의 전달통로 역할을 하기 때문에, 많은 연구자들은 높은 함수율을 저가습 상태에서도 유지하여 우수한 수소이온 전달 능력을 보유할 수 있는 상분리현상을 통한 친수성 채널 형성에 대하여 초점을 맞추어 왔다. 본 총설에서는 이 러한 낮은 가습조건에서도 높은 수소이온전도도를 갖는 술폰화 PEM들의 합성 전략에 대하여 논의 하여보고, 다른 연구자들 의 고성능 탄화수소계 PEM의 설계에 도움을 주고자 하였다.

막분리 공정의 응용범위와 시장규모가 증가함에 따라 효과적인 물질분리를 위해 다양한 분리공정이 이용되고 있다. 이중 정수처리공정에서 수질의 안전성, 자동화 등의 장점 때문에 분리막에 대한 관심이 증가되고 있으며, 정수처리에 사용되는 대부분의 분리막은 강한 내구성, 장수명성 등이 요구되어, 이를 위하여 막오염 저항성이 크게 요구된다. 일반적으로 셀룰로오스 계열은 친수성이 강하며 막오염 저항성이 우수하고 정밀여과막이나 한외여과막 소재로 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 고분자량을 갖는 친수성 소재인 아세틸화된 메틸 셀룰로오스를 사용하여 한외중공사막을 다양한 조건에서 제조하고 제조된 막의 구조적 특성 및 투과분리 특성에 대하여 살펴보았다.

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is one of the promising processes for generating electricity from the salt concentration gradient between river and sea water. A RED stack contains alternately arranged anion and cation exchange membranes which separate salt solutions of different concentrations. The power generation performance of RED significantly depends on the characteristics of ion exchange membranes. In this work, we have prepared high performance pore-filled anion-exchange membranes. In addition, the optimization of membrane design parameters has been investigated using the membranes via various electrochemical analyses in terms of the enhancement of RED performances. Finally, the membrane surface has been modified with acid-doped polypyrrole for the improvement of the membrane properties. (No. 10047796) (No. 2015H1C1A1034436)

Immunoprecipitation-based high performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC) is a type of modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that uses protein A/G (or antibody)-conjugated beads instead of the antibody-conjugated wells used in ELISA. In order to determine the fidelity of IP-HPLC, the author used 83 antisera to identify protein expression changes caused by cisplatin treatment in KB human oral cancer cells. KB cells were cultured for 12 or 24 hours with 10 ug/mL cisplatin. The results obtained by IP-HPLC were comparable with published cisplatin data, although ELISA was not conducted in the present study. Cisplatin dominantly reduced the levels of proteins associated with cell proliferation, transcription factors, growth factors, cytoskeletal proteins, and cellular differentiating factors, but on the other hand, apoptosis-related factors, oncogenes, and protective proteins were usually up-regulated, presumably to address cisplatin-induced DNA damage. In particular, cisplatin directly inactivated genomic DNA by down-regulating histone H1 and demethylase and by up-regulating deacetylase. Cisplatin also rapidly induced p53 overexpression and mitochondria-mediated endogenous apoptosis occurred after 12 hours of cisplatin treatment, although this was almost completely replaced by FASL/FAS-mediated exogenous apoptosis after 24 hours. This preliminary study was conducted to investigate the anticancer effect of cisplatin on the KB human oral cancer cells and to determine the fidelity of IP-HPLC data. It was concluded that IP-HPLC is useful for identifying profile changes of genome wide essential proteins and signaling changes of major molecular pathways.

UHPC(Ultra High Performance Concrete) is used widely with its remarkable performance, such as strength, ductility and durability. Since the fibers in the UHPC can control the tensile crack, the punching shear capacity of UHPC is higher than that of the conventional concrete. In this paper, seven slabs with different thickness and fiber volume ratio were tested. The ultimate punching shear strength was increased with the fiber volume ratio up to 1%. The shear capacity of specimens with the fiber content 1% and 1.5% do not have big differences. The thicker slab has higher punching shear strength and lower deformation capacity. The critical sections of punching shear failure were similar regardless of the fiber volume ratio, but it were larger in thicker slab.

Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) has a outstanding tensile hardening behaviour after a crack develops, which gives ductility to structures. Existing shear strength model for fiber reinforced concrete is entirely based on crack opening behavior(mode I) which comes from flexural-shear failure, not considering shear-slip behavior(mode II). To find out the mode I and mode II behavior on a crack in UHPFRC simultaneously, maximum shear strength of cracked UHPFRC is investigated from twenty-four push-off test results. The shear stress on a crack is derived as variable of initial crack width and fiber volume ratio. Test results show that shear slippage is proportional to crack opening, which leads to relationship between shear transfer strength and crack width. Based on the test results a hypothesis is proposed for the physical mechanics of shear transfer in UHPFRC by tensile hardening behavior in stead of aggregate interlocking in reinforced concrete. Shear transfer strength based on tensile hardening behavior in UHPFRC is suggested and this suggestion was verified by comparing direct tensile test results and push-off test results.

Membrane-based separations provide significant advantages over the conventional thermally-driven separation process such as distillation since they require small footprints as well as less energy.1[] Polymeric membranes, most widely used for a variety of industrial gas separations, suffer from the limitation of separation performance, so-called the upper-bound limit due to their inherent drawbacks.2[] This presentation will introduce advanced membranes including mixed matrix membranes and ladder-structured polysilsesquioxanes, recently developed in our group to overcome the current limit of the separation performance of polymeric membranes.

In the actual research fields, the studies for applications of 180 MPa ultra-high-performance fiber reinforced composite (UHFRCC) to compressive members are limited due to its very high compressive strength. In this study, in order to find basic research data for the design specification of UHPFRCC compressive members, a series of draft experiments, including short columns with square and circular sections, were performed and its failure modes and behaviors were assessed.

Shear wall systems behave as individual wall because of openings like window and elevator cage. When coupling beams are installed in shear walls, they will have high strength and stiffness so that be less damaged by lateral loads like earthquake. However, coupling beam is difficult construction method. And arranging reinforcement of slender coupling beams are especially hard. It is because the details of coupling beam provided by ACI 318 are complex. In this paper, experiments were conducted using coupling beams with 3.5 aspect ratio to improve the details of slender coupling beams provided by ACI 318. Two specimens were proposed for this study. One specimen applied with bundled diagonally reinforcement only. Another specimen applied both bundled diagonally reinforcement and High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite (HPFRCC) so that coupling beams have half of transverse reinforcement. All specimen were compared with a coupling beam designed according to ACI 318 and were evaluated with hysteretic behaviors. Test results showed that the performance of two specimen suggested in this study were similar to that of coupling beam designed according to current criteria. And it was considered that simplification of the details of reinforcement would be available if transverse reinforcement was reduced by using bundled diagonally reinforcement and HPFRCC.