In this paper, the effect of oxygen component in fuel on the exhaust emissions has been investigated for an indirect injection diesel engine. It was tested to estimate change of engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics for the commercial diesel fuel and oxygenate additive blended fuel which has four kinds of mixed ratio. Ethylene glycol mono butyl ether(EGBE) contains oxygen component 27% in itself, and it is a kind of effective oxygenated fuel of mono-ether group that the smoke emission of EGBE is reduced remarkably compared with commercial diesel fuel, that is, it can supply oxygen component sufficiently at higher loads in a IDI diesel engine.

Our environment is faced with serious problems related to the air pollution from automobiles in these days. In particular, the exhaust emissions of diesel engines are recognized as main causes of the air pollution. DI diesel engine is widely used for the sake of minimization on exhaust emission. Because biodiesel fuel is a renewable and alternative fuel for diesel engine, its usability is expanded. The smoke emission of esterfied rapeseed oil is reduced remarkably in comparison with commercial gas oil, that is, it was reduced approximately 44.5% at 1500rpm. But, brake specific energy consumption showed very slight differences. It was concluded that esterfied rapeseed oil can utilize effectively as an alternative and renew-able fuel for diesel engine.

Dynamic plastic deformation behavior of copper particles occurred during the cold spray processing was numerically analyzed using the finite element method. The study was to investigate the impact as well as the heat transfer phenomena, happened due to collision of the copper particle of in diameter with various initial velocities of into the copper matrix. Effective strain, temperature and their distribution were investigated for adiabatic strain and the accompanying adiabatic shear localization at the particle/substrate interface.

산유국으로부터 에너지 독립을 하고 대기오염방지를 위한 배기배출물을 저감시키기 위하여 대체연료에 많은 관심을 가지고 있다. 폐유나 새로운 식물성 기름과 동물성 기름으로부터 생성할 수 있는 바이오디젤유가 압축점화기관인 디젤기관에 구조적인 변화없이 사용될 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 4행정 직접분사식 디젤기관을 이용하여 순수 디젤유와 바이오디젤 혼합유(바이오디젤 10% 및 20% 함유)의 연료소비율과 배기배출물에 미치는 영향을 제시했으며, 특히 실험에 사용된 바이오디젤 연료는 우리 실험실에서 유채유로부터 직접 생산되었다. 이 연구 결과 바이오디젤 혼합유가 디젤유 보다 연료소비율과 질소산화물은 약간 증가 되었고 일산화탄소와 매연은 상당히 감소되었다.

The microstructure, mechanical and electrochemical properties of plasma electrolytic coatings (PEO) coatings on Mg-4.3 wt%Zn-1.0 wt%Y and Mg-1.0 wt%Zn-2.0 wt%Y alloys prepared by gas atomization, followed by compaction at 320 for 10 min under the pressure of 700 MPa and sintering at 380 and 420 respectively for 24 h, were investigated, which was compared with the cast Mg-1.0 wt%Zn alloy. All coatings consisting of MgO and oxides showed porous and coarse surface features with some volcano top-like pores distributed disorderly and cracks between pores. In particular, the surface of coatings on Mg-1.0 wt%Zn-2.0 wt%Y alloy showed smaller area of pores and cracks compared to the Mg-4.3 wt%Zn-1.0 wt%Y and Mg-1.0 wt%Zn alloys. The cross section micro-hardness of coatings on the gas atomized Mg-Zn-Y alloys was higher than that on the cast Mg-1.0 wt%Zn alloy. Additionally, the coated Mg-1.0 wt%Zn-2.0 wt%Y alloy exhibited the best corrosion resistance in 3.5%NaCl solution. It could be concluded that the addition of Y has a beneficial effect on the formation of protective and hard coatings on Mg alloys by plasma electrolytic oxidation treatment.

본 연구는 하향 분사식 미니스프링클러의 낙수방지를 위한 새로운 제안으로 패킹부를 구성하여 패킹과 패킹지지부, 패킹 연결지지체의 메카니즘 분석과 구조 해석을 통하여 패킹부 소재 선정의 타당성을 확인하여 하향 분사식 미니스프링클러의 낙수방지 메카니즘을 개발하고, 제품을 제작하여 살수특성 실험을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 낙수방지를 위하여 삽입되는 패킹부의 재료는 구조해석결과, 압력변화에 대응할 수 있는 재질로서 패킹재는 천연고무(ASTM; NR), 패킹지지체는 폴리프로필렌(PP)이 적합함을 확인하였다. 성능시험 결과, 미니스프링클러의 접속관에 용수를 공급할 때와 중단되는 과정의 대기압과 평형상태에서 선정된 패킹 및 패킹지지체는 압력제어 기능을 정확히 수행하여 낙수가 거의 발생하지 않고, 압력변화에도 민감하게 대응함을 확인하였다. 작용압력별 살수특성 성능을 분석한 결과, 유효살수반경, 유효살수면적, 평균살수심, 최대살수심, 유효최대살수심은 작용압력이 증가함에 따라 모두 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 살수높이별 살수특성 성능을 분석한 결과, 유효살수반경과 유효살수면적은 살수 높이가 0.2m일 때 가장 낮은 값을, 0.3m일 때 가장 높은 값을 보였고, 그 이상 살수 높이가 높아지면 반대로 감소하였으며, 평균살수심은 살수높이가 높아질수록 감소하였다. 제안된 하향 분사식 미니스프링클러는 패킹부의 영향으로 압력이 증가함에 따라 살수성능이 유연성 있게 변화하여 급격한 변화를 나타내지 않았고, 용수압력이 감소될 때에는 작용압력이 1.1kgf/cm2이상의 범위에서만 살수되었으며, 그 이하에서는 제안된 패킹부에 의해 하향 분사식 미니스프링클러 본체로 공급되는 용수가 차단되어, 대기압과 평형상태에 있는 물의 자중과 중력작용에 의한 자유낙하를 방지함으로서 물방울의 형성 및 낙수 발생의 예방을 확인하였다.

The silica nanoparticles were used as support of catalyst, filling material, electronic assembler, thin film material, and sensor material. And, the titania nanoparticles were used as pigment, dielectric substance, sensor and photocatalyst. In this paper, the spherical composite particles of TiO2/SiO2with narrow size distribution and phase pure were synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method from TiOSO4 and colloidal silica solution. Using ultrasonic apparatus, this starting solution was vaporized to droplets, and these droplets were induced into tube furnace by carrier gas. The resulting composite powder was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, TG-DTA, in vitro sun protection factor(SPF) and BET surface area analysis.