This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of Rhizome rot incidence of Platycodon grandiflorus by cultivation period and ridge width and furrow depth. The three types of ridge width 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 m and several levels of furrow depth and 6 levels cultivation period. This experiment was done in farmer's farm and the treatments were also classified in the same spot. In this investigation, ridge width, soil water content, soil hardness, and cultivation period were positively related with Rhizome rot incidence, however, furrow depth was negatively related with that. So this experiment could draw a conclusion : excess water damage and soil hardness could directly or indirectly effect on the Rhizome rot incidence, so cultivation method should be developed such as making underground ditch or cultivation in well draining soil for escaping excess waster damage.

This study was carried out to investigate the seedling establishment and yield of direct-sown Platycodon grandiflorus seeds cultured by three ridge width, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 m and four mulching materials, rice straw, rice bran, black plastic film, and no mulching in upland. Seedling establishment rate (70%) was the highest in rice straw mulched plot of 500 seeds/m2 sowed and root yield after one year was also the highest in rice straw mulched treatment and followed by rice bran, no mulching, and black plastic film treatment. In this result, ridge width 120cm and rice straw mulching combined treatment was best for getting the highest seedling establishment ratio and seedling numbers per area. However, ridge width and mulching materials should be considered soil moisture content and weed population for saving labor cost.

넓은잎큰조롱의 두둑높이에 따른 생산성 및 품질향상을 위하여 재배법 확립의 기초자료로 제공하고자 두둑높이를 달리하여 2005년부터 3년간 시험한 결과, 만장, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽수, 엽록소함량, 경엽 건물중은 두둑높이가 높을수록 양적인 증가를 가져왔으나, 경태와 분지수는 두둑높이가 낮을수록 굵거나, 많은 경향이었다. 근수와 근장은 두둑높이 20 cm까지는 두둑높이가 높을수록 많거나, 길었으나, 20 cm 이상의 두둑높이에서는 생육량이 감소하였으며, 근태는 두둑높이가 낮을수록 굵어지는 경향이었다. 비상품근 중 세근은 두둑높이 20 cm에서 다소 많았으며, 부패근은 두둑높이가 낮을수록 많은 경향이었고, 근수량은 두둑높이 20 cm내지 30 cm 까지는 두둑높이가 높을수록 증수되어 두둑높이 10 cm의 515 kg/10a 대비 3%, 11% 증수되었다.

The Purpose of this study was to offer the raw data for drawing up the conservation plan by analysing natural vegetation in Midongsan, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. The period of survey was from July to October, 2004 and the size of plot was 100m2. In the results of analyzing the physical environments, the range of altitude was 303~550m and soil pH was 5.4~6.8. The angle of slope was 3~57% and topographical factor was composed of ridgeline. In the results of analyzing a importance percentage, the dominant species in tree layer, Pinus rigida, P. densiflora, Quercus mongolica, Q. variabilis and Q. acutissima, P. rigida, Q. mongolica, Q. acutissima, Platycarya strobilacea and Q. variabilis in subtree layer, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Symplocos chinensis for pilosa, Lindera obtusiloba, L. erythrocarpa, Rhus trichocarpa and Weigela subsessilis in shrub layer. In the results of species diversity index, species diversity (H') was from 1.2401 to 2.5540, maximum species diversity (H'max), from 1.9459 to 2.8904, evenness (J'), from 0.5644 to 0.8836, dominance (D), from 0.1164 to 0.4356.

Growth and yield of licorice were investigated under the different conditions of ridge height, planting density, and irrigation in order to establish its cultural practices for the domestic production with the aim to substitute the import. Seedlings were grown under low ridge(20cm) and high ridge(40cm) in low density plot(60×30cm) and high density plot(40×30cm), respectively. The low ridge cultivation of large seedlings increased plant height and root length under low density, and stem and root diameter under high density compared to the high ridge cultivation. In the high ridge cultivation, high density plot was 1.1 to 1.3 times in plant height, root length, stem and root diameter as high as low density one. Fresh and dry weight of plant and root in high ridge were 1.3 to 1.5 times as high as those in low one. The growth of small seedlings(4~10g) were generally poor compared to that of large seedlings. High density plot in low ridge showed the good growth characteristics including plant height, root length, stem and root diameter, and number of branch. High density plot was 1.4 to 1.6 times in fresh and dry weight of plant and root as high as low density plot. In the seasonal changes of growth under various irrigation regimes, the twice irrigation a day produced the more number of leaf than the other regimes since around 46 days after transplanting. The former irrigation resulted in 1.2 to 1.4 times in plant height as long as the other irrigations around 26 days after transplanting and then the difference was increased to 1.6 to 2.0 times around 64 days after transplanting. Under the twice irrigation a day, plant height, root length, stem diameter, root diameter, number of leaf, fresh plant weight, dry plant weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight were 1.6 to 2.0, 1.1, 1.2 to 1.6, 1.3 to 1.8, 1.9 to 2.7, 1.7 to 8.0, 1.6 to 2.8,2.0 to 3.0, 1.6 to 2.7 times as high as those under the other irrigation regimes, respectively.

Excessive soil water in paddy field induces growth losses during the vegetative stages of soybean plants. Our objectives were to know growth responses of soybean as affected by the level of ridge heights. A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Korea University near Seoul in 1996. Ten cultivars of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) were planted at the ridge heights of 10, 30, and 50cm in paddy soil on 27 June. Total dry matter accumulation at the 10cm ridge height was severely decreased until the growth stage of R5 as compared to the ridge heights of 30 and 50cm, and this decrement was mainly due to both reduced leaf and stem dry weights. However, seed dry weight was not significantly decreased at the lower ridge height with the increment of harvest index. Cultivar differences were found on seed dry weight, crop growth rate from R1 to R5, and leaf/stem ratio of R5. From the above results, soybean growth responses to excessive soil water in paddy field were different between seed filling stage and late vegetative to early reproductive growth stages

This paper presents a procedure for automated extraction of ridge shadows in noisy gray images. This procedure mainly consists of 1) a deformable model which is designed basing upon the knowledge about the shape of shadows and is expected to be useful in extracting ridge shadows especially located in low signal to noise ratio background, and 2) the scale space scheme which is also useful even if there is less information about the size and the positions of ridge shadows in advance. This procedure is applied to artificial images and its performance is evaluated experimentally.

빈도별 홍수량의 지역분석을 위하여 유역의 지형특성을 독립변수로 이용하는 회귀모형을 검정하였다. 그런데 이들 독립변수들간의 상관관계가 존재할 경우 능형회귀모형이 이용되기도 하는 이 방법은 다중공선성 문제를 극복하는데 적합한 방법으로 알려져 있다. 능형회귀모형을 최적화하기 위해서는 조정변수가 포함되는 비용함수를 최소화하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 이 최적화를 위하여 유전알고리즘을 이용하였다. 유전알고리즘은 자연 생물의 유전 및 진화과정을 모방한 추계학적 탐색

벼 건답직파재배에서 권개수 부족시 합리적인 최소 권수방법을 밝히고자 전북통(미사질양토)에서 동진벼를 공시하여 5일 간격 고량관개, 10일간격 고랑관개, 15일 간격 고랑관개, 10일 간격 전면관개를 관행 물관리 방법과 비교하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 권개용수량 절감은 관행에 비해 15일간격 고랑관개(92.4％)>10일 간격 고랑관개(88.5％)>10일 간격 전면관개(78.6％)>5일간격 고랑관개 (58％) 순이었다. 2. 고랑에서 90cm까지는 고랑 관개후 5일에도 수분장력이 -50kpa 이하였으나 고랑에서 120cm는 고랑 관개후 4일에도 -70kpa 이상이었다. 3. 엽면적과 지상부 건물중은 관개 간격이 길수록 적었다. 4. 간장은 관행에 비해 관개 간격이 길수록 짧았으며, 전체 간장에 영향을 미친 절간은 상위 제1,2절간이었다. 5. 관개 간격이 길수록 수수 및 등숙비율이 낮아, 쌀수량은 관행관개(5.32MT/ha)에 비해 5일 간격 고랑관개는 5％, 10일 간격 전면 관개는 8％ 감수하였으나, 10일 간격 고랑관개는 18％, 15일 간격 고랑관개는 28％의 유의적인 감수를 보였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 벼 휴입건답직파 재배에서 권개수가 부족시에도 최소한 5일간격 고랑관개나 10일간격 전면관개는 되어야 할 것으로 생각되며, 이러한 결과는 관개수가 부족할 경우에도 합리적인 휴입건답직파 재배의 물관리 기술로 이용될 것으로 기대된다.

우리나라의 율무 주산지(主産地)인 연천지역(漣川地域)에서 농가(農家)의 재배(栽培) 실태(實態)를 비속작지(非速作地)와 속작지(速作地)로 구분(區分) 재배유형별(栽培類型別)로 조사(調査) 분석(分析)하여 문제점(問題點)을 도출(導出)하고 입지(立地) 환경조건(環境調件)에 알맞은 재배(栽培) 기술(技術)을 개발(開發)코자 20개 농가(農家)를 대상(對象)으로 비속작지(非速作地) 논재배(栽培), 평탄지(平坦地) 밭재배(栽培), 경사지(傾斜地), 평휴(平畦), 고휴(高畦) 재배(栽培)로 구분(區分)하여 농가(農家)의 재배실태(栽培實態)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 간장(稈長)에서는 비속작(非速作) 평탄지(平坦地) 밭재배(栽培)에 비하여 속작(速作) 평탄지(平坦地) 밭재배(栽培), 비속작(非速作) 논재배지(栽培地)의 순(順)으로 간장(稈長)을 현저(顯著)히 단축(短縮)시켰다. 2. 유효분얼수(有效分蘖數)에서도 비속작(非速作) 평탄지(平坦地) 밭재배(栽培)에 비하여 속작(速作) 평탄지(平坦地) 밭재배(栽培), 비속작(非速作) 논재배지(栽培地)의 순(順)으로 유효분얼수(有效分蘖數)를 감소(減少)시키는 경향(傾向)이 있었다. 3. 잎마름병 발병율(發病率)을 보면 비속작(非速作) 평탄지(平坦地)에서는 발병율(發病率)이 낮았으나 속작(速作) 평탄지(平坦地) 밭재배(栽培)와 비속작(非速作) 경사지(傾斜地) 재배지(栽培地)에서는 심(甚)한 발병율(發病率)을 보였다. 4. 조명나방 발병율(發病率)을 보면 비속작(非速作) 밭재배(栽培)에서는 재배유형(栽培類型)에 관계(關係)없이 낮았으나 비속작(非速作) 논재배지(栽培地)와 속작(速作) 평탄(平坦) 밭재배(栽培)에서는 모두 발생율(發生率)이 심(甚)하였다. 5. 도복정도(倒伏程度)에서는 비속작(非速作) 논재배지(栽培地)에서 가장 낮았으며 비속작(非速作) 밭재배지(栽培地)에서는 재배유형(栽培類型)에 관계(關係)없이 중정도(中程度)이었으나 속작평탄(速作平坦) 밭재배(栽培)시에는 가장 심하였다. 6. 종실수량(種實收量)을 보면 재배유형(栽培類型)중 비속작(非速作) 평탄지(平坦地)밭재배(栽培)에서 가장 증수(增收)되었으며 속작(速作) 평탄지(平坦地) 밭재배(栽培)와 비속작(非速作) 논재배(栽培) 순으로 가장 증수(增收)된 수량(收量)을 보였다.