Carbon dioxide enrichment for greenhouse crops has generally been a standard commercial practice for many years. Vegetable crops such as tomato, cucumber, and lettuce respond positively to the CO2 enrichment. But improper CO2 enrichment leads to physiological damage and economical loss. This study was carried out to develop a CO2 concentration control algorithm considering growth stage and efficiency. The measurand was CO2 consumption rate and top fresh weight that represents growth stage. The weight of top fresh lettuce as a whole in the tray was measured through a non-destructive method. The demand in CO2 concentration according to growth stage was investigated. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The CO2 consumption rate could be measured within the error of ± 15.4mgCO2/hr in the range of CO2 concentration of 500-1500ppm. 2. The weight of top fresh lettuce could be measured within the error ± 4.3g in the range of 0-1400g. 3. The CO2 control model developed could determine an economical CO2 supply rate considering CO2 consumption rate and leakage rate. 4. The CO2 control algorithm based on the control model was composed of feedforward control for maintaining a stable CO2 concentration level, and feedback control with CO2 consumption rate and top fresh weight for adapting to the change in CO2 demand by growth stage. 5. For the performance test with the developed control algorithm on lettuce the decrease in CO2 supply rate was obtained without a significant decrease in top fresh weight.

This study investigates the dynamic effects of economic development, international cooperation, electricity consumption, and political risk on the escalation of CO2 emission in Vietnam. We adopted autoregressive distributed lag model and Granger causality method to examine the interaction between CO2 and various economic and political factors, including foreign direct investment, trade openness, economic growth, manufacture, electricity consumption, and political risk in Vietnam since the economic revolution in 1986. The findings reflect opposite influence between these factors and the level of CO2 in the intermediate and long-term durations. Accordingly, foreign direct investment and CO2 emission have a bidirectional relationship, in which foreign direct investment accelerates short-term CO2 emission, but reduces it in the long run through an interactive mechanism. Moreover, economic development increases the volume of CO2 emission in both short and long run. There was also evidence that political risk has a negative effect on the environment. Overall, the findings confirm lasting negative environmental effects of economic growth, trade liberalization, and increased electricity consumption. These factors, with Granger causality, mutually affect the escalation of CO2 in Vietnam. In order to control the level of CO2, more efforts are required to improve administrative transparency, attract high-quality foreign investment, and decouple the environment from economic development.

This research paper examines the causal relationship between India’s economic growth and sectoral contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and vice versa, in the short-run and long-run, over a 10 years time period. Johansen’s method of cointegration is used to study the cointegration between the sectoral contributions to Indian GDP vis-à-vis India’s economic growth. Further, the route of interconnection between economic growth and sectoral contribution is tested by using Vector Auto Regression (VAR) model. Special attention was given for investigating impulse responses of economic growth depending on the innovations in sectoral contribution using time-series data from 1960 to 2015. This paper highlighted a dynamic co-relationship among industrial sector contribution and agricultural sector contribution and economic development. In the long run, one percent change in industrial sector contribution causes an increase of 3.42 percent in the economic growth and an increase of 1.12 percent in the primary sector contribution, while in the short run industrial and service sector contributions showed significant impact on economic development and agriculture sector. The changing composition of sector contribution is going to be an important activity for the policymakers to monitor and control where the technology and integration of sectors play a significant role in economic development.

미래사회가 지향하는 창의융합형 인재를 육성하기 위해 『택리지』를 중심으로 공동탐구토론에 기반한 STEAM 프로그램을 개발하였다. ‘함께ㆍ깊게ㆍ둥글게 읽기(함깊둥)’ 활동은 참여 교사와 학생의 융합적 역량을 신장시키고, 협업적이면서 지속 가능하게 이루어질 수 있는 프로그램이다. 『택리지』를 읽고, 스스로 발견하거나 함께 공유한 아이디어를 반복해서 고찰하는 과정을 통해 창의적인 아이디어를 생성할 수 있었다. 함깊둥 활동을 통해 얻게 된 아이디어는 교사의 융합 수업 설계와 학생의 연구 활동 수행에 적용되었다. 지리교사는『택리지』의 가거지 조건과 오늘날의 가거지 조건을 비교하고, 지리공간서비스를 활용하여 선정한 지역의 도시 내부구조를 분석하며, 거주 공간의 특성을 설명하는 지리 중심 융합 수업을 운영하였다. 학생들은 『택리지』에서 연구할 만한 가치가 있는 수학ㆍ과학적 문제와 지리학의 학문적 가치를 발견하고, 이를 학생 주도의 연구 활동에 응용하였다. 현재 STEAM 교육에서 인문학적 상상력과 예술적 감성을 길러줄 수 있는 인문ㆍ예술 계열의 역할이 교육계 안팎으로 주목을 받고 있다. 앞으로 융합교육의 중요성을 고려할 때, STEAM 교육에 더 관심을 가지고 우리나라의 미래교육을 준비하는 데 보다 적극적으로 임할 필요가 있다.

Environmental awareness and its relation to the development of economy has garnered increased attention in recent years. Researchers, over the years, have argued that sustainable development warrants for minimizing environmental degradation since one depends on the other. This study analyzes the relationship between environmental degradation (carbon emission taken as proxy for degradation), economic growth, total energy consumption and industrial production index growth in Bangladesh from year 1998 to 2013. This study uses Vector Autoregression (VAR) Model and variance decomposition of VAR to analyze the effect of these variables on carbon emission and vice-versa. The findings of VAR model suggest that industrial production and GDP per capita has significant relationship with carbon emission. Further analysis through variance decomposition shows carbon emission has consistent impact on industrial production over time, whereas, industrial production has high impact on emission in the short run which fades in the long run which is consistent with Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Carbon emission rising along with GDP per capita and at the same time having low impact in the long run on industrial index indicates there may be other sources of pollution introduced with the rise in income of the economy over time.

This study aims to develop co-farming program for elderly farmers, employ, then evaluate its effectiveness whether it influences purpose in life and psychological well-being of program participants. A total of 130 elderly farmers that composed of 65 in experimental group and control group respectively were enrolled in this study. The results of this study are as follows: First, the experimental group showed significant difference on ‘purpose in life’ compared to the control group(t=3.316, p<.001). Second, the experimental group showed significant difference on ‘Psychological Well-being’ compared to that of control group. The four major problems of elderly farmers which are poverty, health, loneliness and alienation keeps on worsening over time along with the population ageing. According to the result, it is necessary to improve elderly farmer’s quality of life by developing suitable and sustainable occupation.

우리나라를 비롯한 세계적인 경제위기속에 한국도 예외는 아니며, 이러한 상황 속에 1인 창업, 소자본 창업 등 소상공인 자영업자간 경쟁이 치열하다. 정부지원사업의 일환인 소상공인진흥공단에서 시행하고 있는 협동조합 활성화사업은 소상공인들의 매출 극대화와 일자리창출을 통해 지역사회의 소상공인들의 경영성과에 영향을 주고 있다. 본 연구는 지역공동브랜드인 큐란 브랜드디자인 개발 사례의 전략적인 방법을 제안하고, 공동 브랜드디자인 전략수립에 필요한 브랜드 프로세스 모델을 바탕으로 공동브랜드 아이덴티티와 공동브랜드디자인에 대한 중요성과 브랜드디자인 개발에 있어 조형적인 요소와 심미적인 요소뿐만 아니라, 브랜드 이미지의 일관된 메시지를 통해 소비자에게 브랜드선호도를 높이는데 효과적임을 밝히려 한다. 큐란 공동브랜드디자인 개발 사례의 검증을 통해 연구자가 제안한 브랜드디자인 구축전략의 모델이 효과적인 브랜드디자인을 구축하기 위한 전략수립에 매우 유용한 도구임을 입증하였으며, 기업의 입장에서 명확하게 정립된 브랜드 디자인이 소비자에게 긍정적인 브랜드이미지의 전달과 소비자에게 선호도가 높은 브랜드로 포지셔닝 될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

Cucumber is a typical monoecious plant with individual male and female flowers, and sex expression in cucumber is mainly determined by three major genes: F/f, M/m and A/a. Gynoecy plays an important role in cucumber hybrid breeding and use of gynoecious lines as maternal parent ensures high productivity. The purpose of this study is to identify a co-dominant molecular marker linked to F locus to distinguish homozygous and heterozygous gynoecious plants for cucumber breeding programme. Firstly, we analyzed the sequence polymorphism of 5 gynoecious and 5 monoecious inbred lines to detect polymorphism to develop the marker linked to F locus. A pair of specific primer based on insertion/deletion polymorphism on branched-chain amino acid transaminase (BCAT) gene was designed and examined the polymorphism in the parents, F1 and F2 segregating population derived from gynoecious (WJEF11) and monoecious (WNEF8) inbred lines. The result showed that the specific fragment amplified with Cs-Female-F/Cs-Female-R, was identified as a co-dominant marker and co-segregated with sex phenotype in F2 population. Furthermore, we present a new linkage map for F locus using Indel markers. This is the first report for the development of F locus specific co-dominant marker which can distinguish homozygous and heterozygous gynoecious and it could be used in marker-assisted selection in cucumber breeding.

Carbon dioxide generated from construction materials and construction material industry among the fields ofconstruction is approximately 67 million tons. It is about 30% of the carbon dioxide generated in the fields of construction.In order to reduce carbon dioxide in the fields of construction, it is necessary to control the use of fossil fuel consumedand decrease carbon emission by reducing the secondary and tertiary curing generating carbon dioxide in constructionmaterial industry. Therefore, this study manufactured mortar by having cement as the base and substituting three bindingmaterials up to 50% and then adopted different curing methods to analyze congelation and strength characteristics. According to the result of strength characteristics by the types of binding materials and replacement ratio, the specimensubstituting ESA (Early Strength Admixture) and FPC (Fine Particle Cement) showed active strength improvement. Inparticular, the specimen substituting ESA as 25% indicated the greatest strength improvement, and as the number of curingincreased, the strength grew higher, too. And when the binding material was used by substitution, it showed strengthcharacteristics similar to or higher than the specimen conducting tertiary autoclave curing as the secondary steam curing.

1990년대 후반부터 사용된 폴리머 콘크리트로 제작된 맨홀은 이 맨홀이 가지고 있는 다양한 장점 때문에 현재까지 널리 이용되고 있다. 그러나, 고유가 시대로 접어들면서 석유화학 재료의 가격인상과 더불어 폴리머 콘크리트의 제조원가가 상승되고 이에 따른 폴리머 콘크리트의 약점이 대두되고 있다. 따라서, 고가의 폴리머 콘크리트로 제작된 맨홀의 뛰어난 휨강도를 대체할 수 있는 경제적인 시멘트 콘크리트 맨홀의 개발이 요구되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 비정질 칼슘알루미네이트 (Armorphous calcium aluminate, ACA)계의 속경형 시멘트기술을 기반으로 플라이 애쉬와 고로슬래그, 실리카 퓸, 메타카올린 등의 산업부산물을 이용하여 시멘트의 사용량을 최소화시킴으로써 CO2를 저감시킬 수 있는 친환경적인 맨홀용 고인성 콘크리트를 개발하고자 하였다. 연구결과, 경제적이고 친환경적이면서도 요구성능을 만족시키는 시멘트 콘크리트 맨홀을 개발하였다.

This study aims to investigate basic requirements for adopting the Building Information Modeling(BIM) technology to CO2 monitoring system of building maintenance. This study is progressed to emphasis to utilize BIM building information to estimate amass of CO2 on the maintenance stage. The main purpose of this monitoring technology suggest the effective use of information which enable to efficient evaluation technology.

In this study, the usage of cement amount is minimized to reduce CO2 emission and toxic effect to users for concrete mix design. The reduction of cement is achieved using quad-type admixture (GGBS, FA, Cement, Hwangtoh powder)used for concrete mix design. In order to apply the mix performed design to construction usage, material tests such as compressive strength, slump and pH tests are Preliminary experiment results showed that, the quad-type concrete showed feasibility of being used as a healthy and CO2 reducing construction material

Busan North port is facing crisis due to the opening of the New port. The North Port and NewPort are competing for a limited volume of cargoes and this competition is leading after all to price competition, lowering cargo work fee that may result in the failure of both This paper proposed the balanced development plans, which are the strategies of business tie-up and activation between the North Port and NewPort by introducing the strategy of "co-opetition" and the analysis for the success factor of co-opetition: to solve this operational problems on Busan port. It is found out that activation strategy is more successful co-opetition strategy than business tie-up strategy. The execution for the two co-opetition strategies will lead Busan Port to the balanced development as well as the enhanced competitiveness and will leap Busan port into global hub port as well.