Nowadays the market for diamond tools grows rapidly. The present decline in the price of industrial diamond makes it a commoditised product capable of competing with conventional abrasives. In terms of production volume, the largest group of diamond tools comprises the metal-bonded diamond impregnated tools, such as sawblades, wire saws, and core drills for cutting stone and construction materials, and core bits for mining applications. This article provides a compendious coverage of the powder metallurgy (PM) diamond tool-making routes, and identifies the recent trends towards changing the tool design and composition to render it cheaper and more efficient.

History of architecture technology is the area where further studies are the most needed in Korean architecture history. This present study deals with architectural tools and woodworking of Baekje as a first step in exploration of Korean architecture technology history especially, that of Baekje dynasty. Based on the study of real artifacts and archeological sites showing the trace of tool use, function and forms of architectural tools were classified, characteristics of tools investigated, and woodworking technology analyzed. The main tools of analysis include Square, Black Inkpot, Hatchet, Saw, Chisel, Wood Hammer, Axe, and Plane. It is assumed that architectural technology during Baekje dynasty might have leapt into the new stage thanks to the regular use of iron tools. Compared to those of previous eras, iron tools of Baekje are more elaboratedly-designed and well-defined in function. In addition, wooden architectural tools from Baekje demonstrate the superiority of its woodworking technology Historical record also shows the fact that craftsman from Baekje participated in construction of temples of Shilla and Japan. Precise assessment of Baeje architecture technology is difficult because no Baekje wooden architecture is still remaining. The facts mentioned above, however, surely prove the excellence of architecture technology of Baekje.

The main purposes of this study were to find the correlation between walking ability assessment tools using the Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Spinal Cord Injury Measurement II (SCIM II), Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI), walking velocity, and walking endurance. The study population consisted of 56 patients with spinal cord injury referred to the department of Rehabilitative Medicine in the National Rehabilitation Hospital. All subjects were ambulatory with or without an assistive device. All participants were assessed by MBI, FIM, SCIM II, WISCI, walking velocity, and walking endurance. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis and X2. There was significant correlation between the MBI, FIM, SCIM II, WISCI, walking velocity, and walking endurance (p<.01). In particular, WISCI has a significant correlation with SCIM II(p<.001). Therefore the WISCI scale is an appropriate assessment tool to predict the gait ability of patients with spinal cord injury. Further study about MBI, FIM, SCIM II, WISCI, walking velocity, and walking endurance is needed using a longitudinal study design.

  In order to implement Artificial Intelligence, various technologies have been widely used. Artificial Intelligence are applied for many industrial products and machine tools are the center of manufacturing devices in intelligent manufacturing devices. T

Over ten years, 6 sigma management is applied a lot in the part of indirect business as well as the manufacturing industry. But it has still been used restrictively the technique used on DMAIC that is a basic roadmap of 6 sigma. This paper finds the improving skills that is used in the parts of manufacturing and indirect business and demonstrates their available scope with 6 sigma projects. And this indicates which skills for improving are used valuable on each step of DMAIC with a systematic classification.

Construction of the Virtual Observatory (VO) is a great concern to the astronomical community in the 21st century. We present an outline of the concept and necessity of the va and the current status of various VO projects including the 15 national ones and the International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA). We summarize the possible science cases that could be solved by using the VO data/tools, real science cases which are the results of using current VO tools, and our own work of using AstroGrid, the United Kingdom national VO, for a research on star formation history of galaxies.

In order to implement Artificial Intelligence, various technologies have been widely used. Artificial Intelligence are applied for many industrial products and machine tools are the center of manufacturing devices in intelligent manufacturing devices. The purpose of this paper is to present the design of Decision Support Agent that is applicable to machine tools. This system is that decision whether to act in accordance with machine status is support system. It communicates with other active agents such as sensory and dialogue agent. The proposed design of decision support agent facilitates the effective operation and control of machine tools and provides a systematic way to integrate the expert's knowledge that will implement Intelligent Machine Tools.

The purpose of this study is to investigate an effective way of using real-time computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools for the development of Korean EFL learners’ oral communicative competence. The subjects of the study are the 53 first-year female university students and they are randomly assigned into three groups: text-, voice-, and video-chatting groups. The major results of the study are as follows: first, all the three synchronous CMC tools are effective in improving the fluency and accuracy of speaking skills. Second, the voice-based CMC tools, not the text-based one, are effective in improving the learners’ interactive skills and active use of communicative strategies. Third, all the three synchronous CMC tools are effective in enhancing the learners’ confidence in their English speaking abilities and beliefs in the improvement of their oral communicative competence. Lastly, the learners’ responses to the use of the CMC tools in performing communicative tasks are very positive in all the three groups. Based on these results, some pedagogical suggestions are made on the effective use of the synchronous CMC tools in Korean English classroom settings.

Inmates have challenged a host of institutional conditions as being in violation of cruel and unusual punishment in Korea. The purpose of this study is to promote rationally tools of restraint (handcuffs, chains, irons, strait-jacket) in jail. Thereby, it attempts to provide several ways for improvement of tools of force and application of restraints on inmates. This study reviews existing precedents about tools of restraint in Korea. and investigates the prison rules in the United Nations, the United States, Germany, and Japan. The efficient alternatives proposed in this study are as follows; pre-prevention of accidents in prison(suicide, assault, self-injury, escape, disturbance, and so forth) through classification of inmates and counselling, development of new restraint tool, application of closed circuit television, development of restraint tool manual, observance of proportion law rule.

More than three years have passed since Korean companies introduced Six-Sigma. Each company used a lot of quality improvement tools for years. However, the tools have been taught to the companies with a little understanding of Six sigma tools. Therefore,

Manual dexterity is often evaluated in rehabilitation because of its contribution to upper limb performance and to individual functional independence. Dexterity depends on age, sex, anthropometric measurements of the hand and sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to compare the finger dexterity with and without wearing different types of gloves (latex gloves and cotton gloves), and to investigate the correlation among the different measurement tools (VALPAR component work samples, O‘conner finger dexterity, and Minnesota grooved pegboard) for finger dexterity. Fifteen healthy young subjects (male: 6, female: 9) had a mean age of 26 years were evaluated. The results were as follows: There was no significant difference in finger dexterity between male and female group at all conditions except for wearing cotton glove condition. The finger dexterity was significant difference in Minnesota grooved pegboard test among conditions(bare hand, latex gloves and cotton gloves). However, finger dexterities were no significant differenece in other tests at different conditions. There was high correlation between measurement tool except for the Size discrimination item in VALPAR test. The results of this study suggest that Minnesota grooved pegboard test maybe a sensitive tool to measure the finger dexterity at sensory constrained conditions.

Diamond 공구용 Co-0.5C-(15∼20)Cr-20Ni-8W-(2∼7)Fe 합금 결합제를 볼밍링(ball-milling)법과 기계적 합금화(mechanical alloying) 법으로 합성하였다. stearic acid의 첨가 유무에 상관없이 Co-0.5C-(15∼20)Cr-20Ni-8W-(2∼7)Fe 합금의 경우 6시간 동안 합금화된 금속 분말에서 미세 접합(micro welding) 형상이 균일하게 관찰되었다. stearic acid를 첨가하지 않을 때는 부분적으로 조대화된 분말이 형성되었으나 2% 첨가한 경우 미세하고 판상의 분말이 얻어졌다. stearic acid가 첨가된 복합분말을 열간 압축하여 기계적 성질을 평가한 결과 굽힘강도 1100MPa, 경도 46H(sub)Rc의 특성을 나타냈다.

The purposes of this study were to research the current state of evaluation of children with delayed development and cerebral palsy and determine pediatric physical therapists' knowledge of assessment tools and their use. The subjects were 130 pediatric physical therapists (general hospitals, university-related hospitals, rehabilitation centers, etc.). Data was obtained from August 24, 1999 to October 18, 1999 by means of a survey questionnaire. The results were as follows: 1. The current state of pediatric physical therapist evaluation of children with delayed development and cerebral palsy. 1) Tools used to assess functional areas of children with cerebral palsy were: subjective description format-128 (47.1%); the GMFM-58 (21.3%); facility-generated tool-51 (18.8%); and DDST-15 (5.5%). 2) Tools used to assess developmentally delayed children were: subjective description format-121 (50.6%); the GMFM-43 (18.0%); facility-generated tool-41 (17.2%); and DDS T-14 (5.9%). 3) After their college or university study, therapists who had attended lectures on evaluation were 113 (86.9%); 13 (10.0%) therapists had not attended any lectures on evaluation 2. Test scores of physical therapists' professional knowledge of evaluation procedures: high (more than 36 points)-74 (56.9%); moderate (18~35 points)-39 (30.0%); and low (below 17 points)-none. 1) For therapists treating cerebral palsied children, 73 (65.2%) were in the high range, 39 (34.8%) were in the moderate range and none were in the low range. 2) For therapists treating children with delayed development, 71 (65.7%) were in the high range, 37 (34.3%) were in the moderate range and none were in the low range. Although the general degree of professional knowledge of evaluation was quite high, there was a lack of variety in the assessment tools used With a large number of therapists depending on subjective description. Possible reasons for the low rate of objective asses sment tool use: 1) Poor clinical environment: too many clients and lirnited treatment time. 2) Lack of any medical insurance fee category for specific assessment tools. 3) Lack of continuing education opportunities in pediatric evaluation skills during or after either college-based (3 year) or university-based (4 year) education programs. Based on the study results, provision of more extended educational opportunities would promote the use of a greater variety of objective assessment tools by pediatric physical therapists.