In this study, the degree of particle melting in Y2O3 plasma spraying and its effects on coating characteristics have been investigated in terms of microstructural features, microhardness and scratch resistance. Plasma sprayed Y2O3 coatings were formed using two different powder feeding systems: a system in which the powder is fed inside the plasma gun and a system in which the powder is fed externally. The internal powder spraying method generated a well-defined lamellae structure that was characterized by a thin porous layer at the splat boundary and microcracks within individual splats. Such micro-defects were generated by the large thermal contraction of splats from fully-molten droplets. The external powder spraying method formed a relatively dense coating with a particulate deposition mode, and the deposition of a higher fraction of partially-melted droplets led to a much reduced number of inter-splat pores and intra-splat microcracks. The microhardness and scratch resistance of the Y2O3 coatings were improved by external powder spraying; this result was mainly attributed to the reduced number of micro-defects.

In this study, a newly developed agitator with hydrofoil impeller applied to actual biological process in advanced wastewater treatment plant was evaluated. Several series of experiments were conducted in two different wastewater treatment plants where actual problems have been occurred such as the production of scums and sludge settling. For more effective evaluation, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and measurements of MLSS (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids) and DO (Dissolved Oxygen) were used with other measuring equipments. After the installation of one unit of vertical hydrofoil agitator in plant A, scum and sludge settling problems were solved and more than seventy percent of operational energy was saved. In case of plant B, there were three cells of each anoxic and anaerobic tanks, and each cell had one unit of submersible horizontal agitator. After the integration of three cells to one cell in each tank, and installation of one vertical hydrofoil agitator per tank, all the problems caused by improper mixing were solved and more than eighty percent of operational energy was found to be saved. Simple change of agitator applied to biological process in wastewater treatment plant was proved to be essential to eliminate scum and sludge settling problems and to save input energy.

The aim of this study is to improve satisfaction with Namhae coastal landscape by analysing the image and satisfaction level that visitors have of Daraengyi village. The result of study is summarized as follows. According to the analysis of image and satisfaction, ‘harmony with nature and ecology (sea and mountain)’, and ‘cleanliness of travel destination’ were evaluated highly while ‘variety of several events’, and ‘appropriacy of education program’ got a low evaluation and ‘the satisfaction level’ was found to be high. The image and satisfaction with coastal landscape variables were; experience factor; familiarity factor; variety factor; scenery factor; service factor etc. The image and satisfaction factor of the target area was found to affect overall satisfaction. It was also found that overall satisfaction differed depending on use pattern (the reason of visit, the length of one’s visit and the repeat visit intention). To improve satisfaction with coastal landscape and induce revitalization, Daraengyi village should solve the problems highlighted by the five factors, and strive for the image improvement and management development.

Systemic Functional linguistics considers Modality as the speaker’s attitude betwe en “yes” and “no”. Based on this, we discuss the Chinese modality system. First, we review what has been done on Chinese modals by the previous researchers. Then, we introduce Halliday’s modality system in English to establish a Chinese modality system and analyze the syntactic and semantic features of the typical modal verbs to point out the negotiation of Chinese modality.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is recognized as the most common feline cardiac disease. Several studies have evaluated the population characteristics and survival time of cats with HCM; however, these reports included large numbers of asymptomatic HCM. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and survival time of cats with symptomatic HCM admitted to emergency service. Medical records were examined to verify clinical diagnosis of HCM. Asymptomatic cats diagnosed with HCM were also excluded from the study. From a total of 13 cats, eight were classified in the arterial thromboembolism (ATE) group while the other five were in the congestive heart failure (CHF) group. Middle-aged (6 years, range 1.4~7 years) male cats (53.8%) were included in this study. Pelvic limb paralysis, depression, and respiratory distress were common clinical signs found in symptomatic HCM cats. Hematologic evaluation found that enzymes related to muscle damage and tissue necrosis were elevated in both groups and highly elevated in the ATE group. Left atrium was remarkably enlarged in ATE group cats. The median survival time of cats in the ATE group was significantly shorter than that of cats in the CHF group (P=0.002). Prospective investigation based on a large population would be required to clarify the effects of various factors on prognosis of HCM cats.

Shim, Young-sook. 2015. “An analysis of ELF-oriented features in Korean middle school English textbooks”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 23(3). 147~176. This study examined how ELF-oriented features were incorporated into English textbooks used in Korean middle schools. A total of 213 dialogues and 214 reading texts presented in 21 textbooks were analyzed from the perspective of English as a global language. The analysis of the data revealed the following findings. First, most of the textbook dialogues took place between either English native speakers or an English native speaker and a Korean speaker, with the number of dialogues involving non-Korean ESL or EFL speakers remaining very low. Second, nearly all the audio-recordings of the dialogues and the reading texts presented American English accent regardless of the nationalities and cultural backgrounds of the speakers or narrators in the materials. Lastly, a considerable portion of the reading texts contained topics or situations that can potentially enhance learners' interculturality, though ELF-related issues were rarely addressed in the texts. Based on the findings, this paper suggested some implications for ELF-based English education in Korean context.

Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs) in cosmic ray intensity observed during the period of 1997-2012 have been studied with energetic solar features and disturbances in solar wind plasma parameters and it is seen that all the GLEs have been found to be associated with coronal mass ejections, hard X-ray solar ares and solar radio bursts. All the GLEs have also been found to be associated with sudden jumps in solar proton ux of energy of ≥ 60 Mev. A positive correlation with correlation coefficient of 0.48 has been found between the maximum percentage intensity (Imax%) of Ground Level Enhancements and the peak value of solar proton ux of energy (≥ 60Mev). All the Ground Level Enhancements have been found to be associated with jumps in solar wind plasma velocity (JSWV) events. A positive correlation with correlation coefficient of 0.43 has been found between the maximum percentage intensity (Imax %) of Ground Level Enhancements and the peak value of solar wind plasma velocity of associated (JSWV) events. All the Ground Level Enhancements have been found to be associated with jumps in solar wind plasma pressure (JSWP) events. A positive correlation with correlation coefficient of 0.67 has been found between the maximum percentage intensity (Imax %) of Ground Level Enhancements and the peak value of solar wind plasma pressure of associated (JSWP) events and of 0.68 between the maximum percentage intensity (Imax %) of Ground Level Enhancements and the magnitude of the jump in solar wind plasma pressure of associated (JSWP) events.

Digital games are conducted by the interaction between players and characters. Even if it’s same in the MOBA games, the characters in these games are not the ones which players can bring themselves in. But they do occur player’s semiotic process by controlling them. To prove this hypothesis, this study analyzes the correlation between MOBA game player and game character based on the player’s consumption behavior. The two MOBA games, League of Legends and Heroes of the Storm have been selected for the study, by the reason of semiotic difference between the characters. As focusing on the particular structures of MOBA games, this study can confirm the characteristic of this game genre.

강원도 영동지방 최남단의 삼척지역은 남쪽으로는 경북 울진군, 봉화군과 접하고 있어 경북 북부와 강원도를 연결하는 중간 연결지점의 문화전파 경로로서 일찍부터 주목받아 왔으며, 석조미술 역시 이와 관련하여 형성·발전되는 양상을 보여주고 있다. 이 가운데 신라석탑은 동해 삼화사 삼층석탑, 태백 본적사지 삼층석탑, 삼척 흥전리사지 삼층석탑, 삼척 대평리사지 석탑 등 4기가 확인되는데, 비교적 적은 수량만 남아 있지만 9세기 신라석탑의 결구구조와 양식 흐름에서 크게 벗어나지 않는 모습을 보이고 있다. 삼화사 삼층석탑의 별석 탑신받침, 흥전리사지 석탑의 삼중기단, 표면 장엄공 등은 신라석탑의 일반적인 양식 흐름 속에서도 매우 주목되는 특징으로 삼척지역이 9세기 신라석탑이 다양하게 전개되는 과정을 보여주는 매우 중요한 지역이었음을 알 수 있다. 특히, 흥전리사지가 위치한 도계 읍은 경북 북부와 강원지역을 연결해주는 곳으로 당시 중요 교통로의 거점이었을 가능성이 높으며, 다양한 석조미술이 남아 있는 것으로 보아 당시 이 지역 불교문 화 발달에 중심적인 위치를 차지하고 있었던 것으로 보인다. 즉, 석탑을 통해 본 삼척지역의 불교문화는 경북 북부와 강원지역을 연결해주는 중간적 위치이지만, 불교문화의 발전 양상은 강원 남부지역에서 중심적인 역할을 하였던 것으로 보인다.

Data analysis and theoretical arguments support magnetic reconnection in a chromospheric current sheet as the mechanism of the observed photospheric magnetic ux cancellation on the Sun. Flux pile-up reconnection in a Sweet{Parker current sheet can explain the observed properties of canceling mag- netic features, including the speeds of canceling magnetic fragments, the magnetic uxes in the fragments, and the ux cancellation rates, inferred from the data. It is discussed how more realistic chromospheric reconnection models can be developed by relaxing the assumptions of a negligible current sheet curvature and a constant height of the reconnection site above the photosphere.

The study is focused on analyzing the SNS using characteristics of the people surveyed, as for the SNS acceptance channel of the food service corporations, accounted voluntarily for 71%. The SNS food service information regarding information of menu, location of store, price, coupon, taste evaluation, event, promotion, reservation and store atmosphere was researched. The most preferred information sharing for SNS food service were researched and found Facebook, blog and others in increasing order. The most preferred media to obtain SNS food service information were smart phone, desktop computer and others. The result of verifying differences in the perceived ease of use were also evaluated according to the food service corporation of SNS using characteristics of the people and was found: the longer period of SNS use, longer was access time: more number of visiting times, higher perceived ease of use. As for the difference in the perceived service value: longer the period of SNS use, more preferred was the blog: the more number of visiting times, the higher perceived service value. As for the difference in the online mouth-to-mouth intention: longer the period of SNS use, longer was access time: the more number of visiting times, the higher online mouth-to-mouth intention. Therefore, these research results provide useful implications in the working-level aspects such as providing basic data and the academic approach of the study, when the food service corporations establish marketing strategies through SNS.

In this paper, through the relevant syntactic structure and semantic comparison of Chinese and Korean Studies on Modern Chinese function words “De(的)”, “De(的)” was investigated whether has the character of aspect. Through the investigation discovery, Korean language in common and difference on time. In the concrete analysis, this paper also uses Chomsky Government and Binding Theory theory and Barriers theory, analyzes the tree diagram “De(的)” sentence, and through the investigation of the verb “De(的)” analysis, comparison of Chinese and Korean “De(的)” aspect feature. The results are as follows:

청소년 범죄의 흉포화, 재범화, 저연령화 현상은 심각한 우려를 자아내고 있으며 범죄의 근원적 원인을 진단하여 효과적인 범죄예방 정책의 수립이 절실한 상황이다. 본 연구는 그 범죄성이 상습화되었으며 죄질이 심각하여 형사처분을 통해 김천소년 교도소에 수감된 소년 수형자 144명에 대한 동기적 요인을 조사함으로서 청소년 범죄의 근원적인 원인을 진단하고자 하였다. 인구사회학적 특성(나이, 양육자, 양육자 학력, 생활수준), 범죄경력과 범행관련 내용(보호관찰경험, 시설수용경험, 범행당시 연령, 범죄명, 형량), 동기적 요인(자아통제력, 사회유대, 비행친구여부, 비행에 우호적인 태도, 일상적 긴장, 비공식적 낙인)이 설문을 통해 조사되었으며 6가지 범죄유형별 차이, 일반청소년과의 비교분석이 이루어졌다. 이론과 달리 자아통제력은 소년 수형자가 일반청소년에 비해 높았으며, 친구긴장과 학업긴장도 소년 수형자가 일반청소년에 비해 낮았다. 그러나 사회유대감은 소년 수형자가 일반 청소년에 비해 낮았으며, 비행친구여부, 비행에 대한 우호적인 태도, 부모긴장, 목표달성긴장, 비공식적 낙인은 소년 수형자가 일반 청소년에 비해 높게 나타났다. 소년수형자와 일반청소년 집단 간의 자아통제력, 사회유대, 비행친구, 학업긴장, 친구긴장, 비공식적 낙인의 차이가 통계적으로 유의미하였으며 비행에 우호적인 태도, 목표달성긴장, 부모긴장의 차이는 유의미하지 않았다. 교차분석 및 ANOVA 분석결과 소년수형자의 범죄유형별 차이는 모두 유의미하지 않았다. 조사 결과를 토대로 장기적인 안점에서의 청소년 범죄를 예방하기 위해서 한 부모 가정, 조손가정에 대한 복지적 지원과 학교의 상담활동 강화, 부모의 역할을 강조하는 부모교육 강화, 저소득층 위기청소년에 대한 학습지원 및 양육지원의 강화, 소년 범죄자에 대한 낙인을 최소화하는 방안 등이 정책제언으로 제시되었다.

본 연구는 類義語이자 발음이 같은 相･狀･象･像이 현대 한국어 어휘의 형태소로 쓰일 때, 이들 한자간의 의미 자질을 분별하여 어휘 의미의 분별성을 높이고자 하는 데 중심 목적이 있다. 現象･現像･現狀에서의 象･像･狀은 모두 ‘현상’으로 발음되는 어휘들에서 ‘형상’이라는 의미로 활용되고 있는가 하면, 『표준국어대사전』에 등재된 표제어 形相･形狀･形象(/形像)의 경우는 발음이 모두 ‘형상’이며 의미도 모두 ‘형상’이나 ‘모양･상태’이다. 뿐만 아니라 ‘모양’･‘형상’을 뜻하는 다른 어휘들에 사용된 ‘면상03(面相/面像)’･‘사상10(事狀/事相)’･‘사상20(寫象/寫像)’･‘심상04(心象/心像)’･‘형상04(形象/形像)’･‘상모01(相貌/狀貌)’ 등은 하나의 표제어에 두 개의 한자 표기가 존재하거나, ‘세계-상(世界像)’･‘인간-상(人間像)’･‘여성-상(女性像)’ 등은 ‘像’을 사용하고 ‘사회-상(社會相)’･‘시대-상(時代相)’ 등은 ‘相’을 표기하는 차이가 존재한다. 이 부분들은 한국 한자어에 존재하는 유의관계 한자 사용의 복잡한 양상을 보여주는 동시에 이에 대한 체계적인 분석이 요망되는 부분이기도 하다. 이러한 문제의식을 바탕으로 하여 본 연구는 相･象･像･狀이 다른 어휘와 결합되어 ‘모습’･‘형태’･‘상태’를 나타내는 한국 한자어 항목을 조사하고 이 한자어들이 과연 의미 자질상의 변별력을 지니는지, 지닌다면 어떻게 그 차이를 효과적으로 제시할 수 있는지를 고찰하고자 한다. 漢字 類義語간의 의미･용법에 대해서는 기존 고대 중국어의 어휘론 연구에서 오랜 연구 성과가 축적된 바 있으며, 현대 중국어에서도 기존 연구 성과를 바탕으로 유의어 연구를 보다 심화시켜나가고 있는 상황이기에, 본 연구의 고찰 과정에서 참고하였으며 관련 어휘의 일본측 사전적 어휘도 부분적으로 참고하였다. 본고의 주요 연구 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 相･狀･象･像의 의미 분별을 바탕으로 ‘實狀･實相･實像’･‘心狀･心相･心象/心像’･‘險狀･險相･險像’･‘現象･現像･現狀’･‘形相･形狀･形象(/形像)’의 의미를 변별하였다. 둘째, 표제어 한자 중복표기와 관련하여, 『표준국어』의 ‘면상03(面相/面像)’･‘사상10(事狀/事相)’･‘사상20(寫象/寫像)’･‘심상04(心象/心像)’･‘형상04(形象/形像)’･‘상모01(相貌/狀貌)’ 등은 ‘面相’･‘事狀’･‘心象’･‘形象’으로 통일하는 방안을 제안하였으며 ‘寫象’과 ‘寫像’으로 항목을 구분하는 방안을 제시하였다. 셋째, 相･狀･像이 접사적 용법으로 쓰인 것과 관련하여서는 말뭉치 자료에 의거해 ‘世界像’･‘人間像’･‘女性像/男性像’의 의미항을 가치긍정적 서술에서 가치중립적 서술로 조정하고, ‘社會相’･‘時代相’의 ‘相’과 의미자질을 분별하고자 하였으며 『연세한국어』에서 든 용례의 문제점을 지적하였다. 본 연구가 한국어 어휘의 형태소로 쓰인 同音類義語 相･狀･象･像의 분별작업을 통해 한국 한자어 어휘에 사용된 同音類義語 형태소의 이해도와 변별성을 제고하는 데 조금이나마 도움이 되었으면 하는 바람이다.

In this study, Intersecting Tensegrity System that is integrated solid compression members with tension members was presented. This system is set up by connecting upper and lower compression members of pyramid shape with exterior tension members. In this system, the solid compression members are intersected each other and connected by a tension member in the center. This system is a variation of Tensegrity system, has a improved feature that the system is able to induce prestresses in all of tension members easily by adjusting the distance of a tension member in the center. The proposed system was studied by modeling, and the structural behavior of the system was investigated by mechanical analysis of the model. Furthermore, the features of the structural behavior variations was investigated when the composition elements(total height, size of surface, intersection length, etc.) are changed variously. It was also showed that the system is able to be used as a temporary space structure system with a membrane roof of inverse conical shape.