The present study explores the effects of two types of paraphrase practices (teacher-led and Web-based) on Korean university and graduate students' paraphrase awareness, performance, and types. The teacher-led and Web-based group both had four-week intensive practices on paraphrasing including instruction on plagiarism, citation, and paraphrasing strategies with teacher modeling of paraphrasing. Teacher-led practices placed a focus on expl.icit instruction of grammar and vocabulary, whereas Web-based practices triggered learner-directed practices. The Web-based group was informed of Internet sites and trained to use them for paraphrasing. The resu lts of the study show positive effects of both practice types on paraphrase awareness and performance, but not on paraphrase types. More beneficial effects of teacher-led practices were noted over that of Web-based practices, though the latter were more positively evaluated by the paJticipants. The fmdings suggest the positive effects of short-term explicit instruction on paraphrasing to prevent plagiarism; however, they also imply positive impact of Web-based practices for long-term learning.

The objective of this study was to analyze hazards for the growing stage of 6 tomato farms (A, B, C; soli farms, D, E, F; Nutriculture farms) located in Gyeongsangnam-do to establish the good agricultural practices (GAP). A total of 144 samples for analyzing hazards collected from cultivation environments (irrigation water, soil, nutrient solution, and air) and personal hygiene (hands, gloves, and cloths) were assessed for biological (sanitary indications and major food borne pathogens) and chemical hazards (heavy metals). Total bacteria, coliform, and fungi were detected at levels of 0.2-7.2, 0.0-6.1, and 0.0-5.4 log CFU/g, mL, hand or 100 cm2, respectively. Escherichia coli were only detected in the soil sample from B farm. In case of pathogens, Bacillus cereus was detected at levels of 0.0- 4.4 log CFU/(g, mL, hand or 100 cm2), whereas Staphylococuus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli O157, and Salmonella spp. were not detected in all samples. Heavy metals as a chemical hazard were detected in soil and irrigation water, but levels of them were lower than the permit limit. In conclusion, chemical hazard levels complied with GAP criteria, but biological hazards at the growing stage of tomato farms were confirmed. Therefore a proper management to prevent microbial contamination is needed.

본 연구는 딸기 GAP 모델을 개발하기 위한 기초자료를 제공할 목적으로 서부경남에 소재한 딸기 농장 세 곳을 선정하여 딸기의 재배단계에서의 생물학적(위생지표세균, 병원성 미생물, 곰팡이), 화학적(중금속) 및 물리적(이물) 위해요소를 조사하였다. 먼저 작물, 재배환경, 개인위생을 대상으로 생물학적 위해요소를 분석한 결과, 위생지표세균인 일반세균과 대장균군의 경우 재배환경에서 최대 7.3 및 5.6 log CFU/g, 개인위생에서 6.3 및 5.4 log CFU/hand or 100 cm2, 잎에서 5.3 및 4.7 log CFU/leaf으로 검출되었다. 병원성 미생물의 경우 Bacillus cereus가 토양에서 최대 6.1 log CFU/g, Staphylococuus aureus가 작업자 손에서 5.4 log CFU/hand로 검출되어 이들 병원균에 의한 식중독 발생 가능성 또한 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 공중낙하균의 경우는 안전한 수준으로 나타났다. 화학적 위해요소인 중금속 (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni, Hg 및 As)은 모두 국내 허용기준치 이하로 검출되었고, 물리적 위해요소는 유리조각, 캔 등의 일반쓰레기나 경작지 폐기물 등으로 확인되었다.

Lee, Gi-ven․Song, Mi-jeong. 2011. Language Socialization Practices of Seven Adolescents of Korean Heritage in the US. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 20(1). pp. 135-159. This study explores cultural and linguistic practices, identity negotiation, and power dynamics manifested in language socialization practices in a recreational setting of seven high school and college students of Korean heritage currently residing in the US. In conjunction with interviews, audio-tapings and observations of these students' weekly basketball games serve as the data sources. Analyses of data demonstrate that the basketball game offers a prime context for these students to speak Korean, practice Korean sociocultural values and rules, negotiate their identity, and establish their own position in the group. While they all speak English for the majority of time in their day-to-day interactions, the students mostly use Korean in the basketball setting, particularly when talking about Korea-related topics. In terms of negotiating their ethnic identity, the Korean-born students seem to negotiate their identity more strictly than the US-born students, who appear to negotiate their identity more ambiguously and flexibly. Also, the power and authority to control the interaction seems to depend upon the symbolic and material resources that the students own.

This study investigates the interactions between Korean EFL teachers’ beliefs about English language education, their teaching practices, and their perceptions of the reform initiated by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (MEST). It highlights the variable of teaching level. Ninety-eight elementary school (ET), 96 middle school (MT), and 94 high school teachers (HT) were surveyed. The findings indicate that: (1) the participants’ beliefs were largely based on the communication-oriented approach (COA), although there was a group difference with the ETs believing it most strongly, (2) the HTs’ COA-oriented beliefs did not match their teaching practices, which were largely based on the grammar-focused, reading-based approach, and (3) the majority of the participants suggested that their low English proficiencies and large class sizes were constraints on their attempts to implement the reform. In addition, the HTs listed the College Scholastic Ability Test as a constraint. These findings are believed to be symptomatic of a transition stage through which English language education has been passing in Korea. The study also interprets the findings as a result of EFL teachers’ strategic adjustments in the face of the schism between the demands of the MEST-initiated reform and the realities of English language education.

본 연구에서는 고추재배 농가에 대한 농산물우수관리제도(Good agricultural practices, GAP) 적용을 위한 미생물학적 위해분석을 수행하였다. 경북 청송에 위치한 고추재배 농가 3곳을 선정한 후 재배환 경·도구, 작물, 작업자 및 공중낙하균에 대하여 시료를 수집하였고, 위생지표세균, 병원성 미생물 및 곰팡이를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 일반세균, 대장균군 및 곰팡이는 3 곳의 농가에서 각각 0.7~6.2, 0.2~4.7, 0.4~4.3 log CFU 수준으로 확인되었고 총 90점의 시료 중 4점의 시료(작물 잎 1점, 농업용 수 1점 및 토양 2점)에서 대장균이 검출되었다. 병원성 미생물 Staphylococcus aureus의 경우 B 농가의 작업복에서만 1.0 log CFU/100 cm2로 검출되었고, Bacillus cereus는 B와 C 농가의 재배환경·도구와 작업자에서 1.0~2.5 log CFU 수준으로 확인되었다. 그러나 다른 병원성 미생물의 경우는 모든 시료에 서 검출한계이하의 수준으로 검출되었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 농가에서 재배되고 있는 고추에 대한 잠 재적인 미생물학적 위해가 확인되었고, 이를 최소화할 수 있는 관리시스템, 예를 들면 GAP와 같은 관리 시스템이 미생물학적 위해로부터 고추의 안전성 확보를 위해 적용되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구는 사회복지실천에서의 코칭적용에 관한 의미를 분석하고, 사회복지실천가가 실천에 필요한 직접적인 실천기술로서 코칭의 활용 및 접근 가능성을 모색하고자, 사회복지실천에 초점을 맞추어 사회복지실천현장에서 활용되는 다양한 실천기술과 코칭의 기술, 실천영역과 코칭프로그램의 활용가능성을 탐색하였다. 또한 다양한 사회변화와 가족에서 발생하는 문제들을 코칭을 통하여 해결함과 동시에 자신이 원하는 목표를 성취할 수 있도록 지원하여 개인의 주관적 행복에 기여함은 물론, 가족과 사회의 건강한 발전을 도모함으로써 복지실현을 앞당기는데 기여하고, 사회복지실천에서의 코칭 적용 가능성에 관한 기본적인 이해를 돕고, 이를 바탕으로 향후 복지와 코칭연구의 방향을 제시하며, 코칭을 활용한 다양한 사회복지프로그램 개발에 기초자료를 제공하는데 의의가 있다.

The countries in East Asia continue to have problems in maritime boundary delimitation. The collision on September 7, 2010 between a Chinese fishing vessel (Minjinyu) and a Japanese patrol boat in the waters near Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands is interesting to observe as a step in dispute settlement process. The differences between the PRC and Japan on maritime boundary delimitation for the East China Sea and the legal status of Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands are demonstrated by this incident. To see things in their context, it is necessary to observe the practices of East Asian countries in handling their maritime boundary delimitations, especially those involving islands with disputed legal status. The rules of international law relating to the pacific settlement of dispute and maritime delimitation dispute resolution, which involve a preliminary sovereignty dispute over islands, are also relevant as a much broader background. The author will examine why certain maritime delimitation cases are particularly hard to handle. The lessons drawn from this paper is inspiring for Taiwan, a long-time marginalized player in East Asian regional affairs. The author will examine the difficulties and opportunities for Taiwan in maritime boundary delimitation and offer a suggestion on how to accomplish such task with neighboring countries.

2009년 개정 교육과정은 내용 체계에서 전면적 개정을 가져왔다. 내용 체계는 그 이전의 것과는 다른 체계이다. 개정 교육과정에서는 ‘한자’ ‘한자어’ ‘한문’의 영 역이 사라지고, ‘한문’ ‘한문지식’ 이라는 새로운 내용체계를 선보였다. ‘한자어’ 개 념이 사라지고 ‘어휘’가 등장하였고, ‘한자’와 함께 한문 지식 영역의 하위 영역으 로 포함되었다. 한자영역의 변화는 그에 따른 내용 요소의 변화를 이끈다. 교육과정의 내용 체계 에 변화가 있는 이상, 이에 대한 성취 기준과 평가 기준을 새롭게 마련해야 한다. 본 연구는 개정 교육과정의 한자의 내용 요소를 평가하는 문항개발에 목적이 있다. 한문지식의 하위 영역인 한자의 ‘한자의 특징’, ‘한자의 짜임’, ‘한자의 역사’ 등의 내용 요소를 평가하는 문항을 개발하고자 하는데 목적을 두었다. 본 연구가 수행되는 과정에서 첫째, 한자의 내용 요소 중 요소 간, 학년 간의 학습량과 내용 수준에 있어 명확한 진술이 필요하다는 점. 그리고 중학교용 기초 한자 900자의 산술적인 구분으로 학년 간 학습량과 내용 수준의 구분은 성취 기 준과 평가 기준에 대한 설정과 진술을 반복적으로 제시하는 것에 한계가 있다는 것과 둘째, 내용 요소 중 ‘한자의 형성과정을 이해한다.’와 ‘한자 자체의 변천과정 을 이해한다.’는 내용 요소의 성취 기준은 ‘한자의 역사를 개략적으로 이해한다.’라 는 한 가지에 귀결되는 점을 발견할 수 있었다. 추후 이 두 가지 내용 요소와 성취 기준에 대한 구체적인 논의와 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이며, 한자의 단순한 음과 뜻을 아는가 모르는가에 대한 단편적 지식과 이해의 평가보다는 고등 정신 능력 과 복합적 사고를 평가하는 문항으로 개발되어야 할 것이다.

This study established hazards which may cause risk to human at farm during cultivation stage of paprika. Samples of plants (paprika, leaf, stem), cultivation environments (water, soil), personal hygiene (hand, glove,clothes), work utensils (carpet, basket, box) and airborne bacteria were collected from three paprika farms (A, B, C)located in Western Gyeongnam, Korea. The collected samples were assessed for biological (sanitary indications and major foodborne pathogens), chemical (heavy metals, pesticide residues) and physical hazards. In biological hazards,total bacteria and coliform were detected at the levels of 1.9~6.6 and 0.0~4.6 log CFU/g, leaf, mL, hand or 100 ㎠,while Escherichia coli was not detected in all samples. In major pathogens, only Bacillus cereus were detected at levels of ≤ 1.5 log CFU/g, mL, hand or 100 ㎠, while Staphylococuus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli O157and Salmonella spp. were not detected in all samples. Heavy metal and pesticide residue as chemical hazards were detected at levels below the regulation limit, physical hazard factors, such as insects, pieces of metal and glasses, were also found in paprika farms. Proper management is needed to prevent biological hazards due to cross-contamination while physical and chemical hazards were appropriate GAP criteria.

China consists of four customs territories: the mainland, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. Each customs territory is an independent member of the WTO as well. To strengthen and promote regional economic integration, the mainland, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan have concluded the CEPAs and the ECFA, respectively. The CEPAs and the ECFA are not only RTAs under the WTO, but also administrative agreements of China, which are unprecedented practices in the Multilateral Trading System. The implementation of the CEPAs and the ECFA go smoothly, and have been elevated to national policies of China, which will significantly promote the joint economic prosperity and development of the mainland, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

The study was conducted to determine the knowledge and practices of vegetable farmers in Hanoi, Vietnam in controlling mites, and their attitude towards N. longispinosus as biological control agent against T. urticae on green bean. The field surveys conducted in Tang My and Son Du hamlets, two of the largest vegetable production areas in Dong Anh district, show that the respondents in Tang My who had training on the vegetable IPM program had higher knowledge on green bean pest management and knew better about natural enemies and biological control than the ones without training in Son Du. However, both groups of respondents did not have enough knowledge on spider mite control and most of them did not know or hear about predatory mite before. Hence, 40 percent of the respondents said they would not use predatory mites, and 33 percent were still uncertain whether they will adopt this biological control. The paper suggests some recommendations to enhance farmers’ use of biological control against mites on green beans.

최근 지구온난화로 인한 수온상승과 해수면의 상승으로 인해 해양 생태계가 변화되고 있다고 보고되고 있다. 한반도 주변 해역에서도 수온과 해수면이 상승하고 플랑크톤의 종 조성이 변화되고 가시파래, 불가사리, 해파리 등의 유해 생물종의 출현 빈도가 증가되고 있고, 바다 사막화가 증가되는 등 해양 생태계의 변화로 어업활동이 어려워지고 어업생산량이 감소하여 어민 경제가 심각한 영향을 받고 있다. 본 보고서에서는 지구 온난화의 원인과 그 메커니즘을 소개하고, 지구 온난화에 따른 해양환경 변화와 해양 생태계에 미치는 영향과 그 대책에 관하여 보고하고자 하였다.

콩 GAP 모델 확립을 위해 경남 창녕에 소재한 콩 재배농가 3 곳을 선정하여 각 재배환경에 대한 물리 적, 화학적(중금속) 및 생물학적(위생지표세균, 병원성 미생물) 위해요소를 분석하였다. 재배환경에 대한 물리적 위해요소로는 토양과 농업용수에 혼입될 수 있는 이물 등으로 확인되었고, 화학적 위해요소 중 토 양과 농업용수에서의 중금속 (Cd:0.01~0.103, Cu:0.001~6.036, As:0.006~3.045, Hg:ND~0.041, Pb:0.003~3.952, Cr+6:0.007~0.496, Zn:0.001~66.500, Ni:0.003~18.010)이 모두 허용기준치 이하로 검출되었다. 생물학적 위해요소의 경우, 위생지표세균은 토양에서 일반세균과 대장균군이 6.0±0.3 및 3.6±1.6 log CFU/g, 농업용수는 3.5±0.7 및 1.9±0.7 log CFU/mL 수준으로 각각 검출되었고, E. coli 는 모든 시료에서 불검출 되었다. 그러나 농업용수에서 대장균군이 허용기준치를 초과하였고, E. coli O157도 토양 중에서 약 22%가 검출됨에 따라 분변오염 방지를 위한 적절한 방안이 필요할 것으로 판단 된다. 결론적으로 재배환경 중 물리적 및 화학적 위해요소 (중금속)의 오염수준은 허용기준에 적합했지만, 생 물학적 위해요소의 경우 농업용수에서 대장균군이 기준치를 초과함에 따라 최종산물로의 교차오염을 방지 하기 위한 체계적인 관리방안이 모색되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

This study aimed to explore how to characterize the earth science inquiry in schools in terms of science teaching interaction and constructivist teaching practice. The constructivist teaching practices were analyzed with Reformed Teaching Observation Protocol (RTOP) in three aspects including (1) student oriented class implementation, (2) subject knowledge and representation, and (3) classroom communication. Fourteen earth science classes were observed and scored with RTOP. The class was evaluated to be transitional stage in terms of constructivist teaching, e.g., moving toward student-centered teaching practice. Especially, Korean teachers tend to lean their classes more on propositional knowledge than procedural knowledge. To interpret science teaching interactions, an earth science teacher with a RTOP top rank was selected. Her class was then videotaped for detailed analysis. I adopted the analytical framework of communicative approaches and discourse patterns among the five aspects of interactions presented by Mortimer and Scott (2003). It was found that this earth science teacher used more authoritative patterns than the dialogic. In addition, she used IRE discourse pattern more frequently. Interestingly, teachers interacted with their students more frequently in the form of repeated (or IRE chain pattern), that is IRFRF (teacher initiation-student response-teacher feedback-student response-teacher feedback) in the context of dialogic communicative approaches, while simple IRE occurred in an authoritative approach. In earth science classrooms, typical interaction may well be constructed in the form of IRFRF chains to allow students free conjectures and abduction.

In an industrial Era, OJT(On-the-Job Training) has been accepted as the field learning. But in a breaking up era, traditional field training needs to change and make an evolutionary model. Also, we need to make evolutionary model for various changing ways and means and need means to maximize the transformation of learning by operating learning organization. In knowledge based society, as people work and learn new knowledge in order to pass the experience knowledge and capabilities, they are not the traditional relationship between trainer and trainee but maximize work and learning, development and performance through several different ways. So, the study about new learning model is needed because the learning is creating the value and makes low cost and high efficiency about the elements of cost and time. We study the evolutionary model, OJF(On-the-Job Facilitating) - new learning methodology - through operating learning organization in S Electronics and its application practices.

Learning Organization is a learning based community to make the most important value in the era of Knowledge Economy, Creation. That's why people share, facilitate personal, individual's knowledge & experience systems each other and make good thoughts & ideas in the organization. This study measures the building practices having conducted the F team in Samsung electronics using DLOQ that indicates the activate degree of Learning Organization and the quantitative degrees of Learning Organization through comparing the cross-evaluation between the already measured companies in addition to analyzing the F team's success factors. Learning Organization requires sustainable and continuous activity, not completes by changing many factors with human resources. The study will have the achievement if we measure the successful activity through global companies built a Learning Organization and facilitate the improvement activity sustainably.