Quantifier floating (Q-floating) displays interesting asymmetries in English. First of all, there is a subject/object asymmetry. The subject permits Q-floating, whereas the object does not. However, if the object is followed by a predicative constituent, Q-floating can be permitted. In this case, there is another subject/object asymmetry. If the object is followed by a constituent that bears a predication relation with it, Q-floating is permitted, If, on the other hand, the object is accompanied by a constituent that bears a predication relation with the subject, Q-floating is not permitted. This paper shows that the various types of asymmetries follow if (i) Q-floating is licensed when A-movement takes place (Sportiche 1988), (ii) object can move to SPEC-V (Chomsky (2008, 2013, 2015), but in simple transitive constructions raising of the object to SPEC-V is prohibited by an anti-locality condition, and (iii) the movement theory of control is correct (Hornstein 1999, 2001).

연직수문의 방류량 계산에 필요한 수리학적 변수는 유량계수, 수문개방고, 상류수심이다. 자동수문의 수문개방고는 나머지 변수에도 영향을 미치기 때문에, 운영 중 수문개방고의 거동을 예측하는 것은 정밀한 수문설계를 위해 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 부력식 연직수문 모형을 대상으로 부력이론으로 계산한 수문개방고와 실험에서 방류 중에 측정한 값과의 관계로 부터, 임의의 상류수심에서 수문개방고를 예측할 수 있는 무차원 관계식을 도출하였다. 측정값이 계산 값과 차이가 나는 것은 동수압 하중에 의한 영향임을 압력계수를 이용하여 검증하였다. 유량계수는 수문개방율과의 무차원 관계식을 도출하였다. 도출된 관계식들을 홍수추적에 적용한 결과, 수문설계 시에는 동수압 하중으로 인한 수문개방 억제 효과를 충분히 고려하여야 하는 것으로 판단되었다.

This study presents the fatigue performance of the mooring lines for submerged floating tunnels (SFTs), the new type transportation system for land connection. Because of the structural characteristics, the submerged structure is continuously affected by various environmental loadings such as wind, wave, and current. In general, waves are considered as one of the main external sources which induce dynamic behavior of the offshore floating structures. Therefore, fatigue damage and performance of the mooring lines should be evaluated based on their dynamic structural stress induced by the waves acting to the floating structures. In this study, fatigue damage and performance of the mooring lines for SFTs under severe wave conditions are analyzed using hydrodynamic analysis, Rainflow counting method, and Miner’s rule for obtaining dynamic stresses, treating the fluctuating stresses, and calculating the fatigue damage index, respectively.

The light rail transits, in theses days, are planed to be introduced in Korea. However, there are more and more problems regarding the noise and vibration from the trackway. In order to reduced the vibration and noise, various method have been applied. Among those methods, it is that one of the most effective ways is to apply the floating mat underneath the slab track. In this stud, a numerical modeling to calculate the effect of the floating mat is to be used as well as the performance of the floating track.

A floating concrete pontoon is at high risk for damage and fatigue because of exposure to the marine environment loads. In this study, the dynamic properties of the structure are extracted by field test, and the stiffness of the structure is estimated through a system identification method. In addition, the stress distribution of the structure is determined by the wave loads, and the fatigue damage induced by each wave load are calculated using the estimated stiffness and DNV-code based S-N curve.

The light rail transits, in theses days, are planed to be introduced in Korea. However, there are more and more problems regarding the noise and vibration from the trackway. In order to reduced the vibration and noise, various method have been applied. Among those methods, it is that one of the most effective ways is to apply the floating mat underneath the slab track. In this stud, a numerical modeling to calculate the effect of the floating mat is to be used as well as the performance of the floating track.

After large-scale flooding damage occurred along the Imjin river in 1996, 1998, and 1999, the Hantan river flood control dam was planned, and it has since been under construction. Unlike existing dams in Korea, the Hantan river flood control dam will remain fully open except during high floods, when the dam will store flood water temporarily to reduce flood peaks and flood water volume downstream. During past flooding seasons, floating debris has caused difficulties in the management of large-scale dams. Most of the existing multipurpose dams in Korea have installed nets to collect floating debris based on many years of experience with and data about inflow and distribution of floating debris in the dams. For the Hantan river flood control dam, however, collection of data about inflow and distribution of floating debris is not possible as the dam is located near the border area between North and South Korea. In order to devise a preliminary plan to collect floating debris in the Hantan river flood control dam, an EFDC hydrodynamic model was used to analyze the behavior of floating debris during high floods. The Lagrangian particle tracking method was utilized to simulate the behavior of floating debris in the dam. Based on the analysis of paths and final destinations of the particles, seven collection points were selected where it seemed to be effective to collect floating debris, as debris is likely to accumulate there in high density.

최근 국내 대표적인 플로팅건축물인 세빛섬의 운영 정상화로 플로팅건축물에 대한 이미지가 매우 긍정적인 방향으로 개선되었다. 플로팅건축의 특장점은 특별한 공간체험(29.9%) > 랜드마크(27.6%) > 수해양문화 향유(21.5%) > 관광 및 개발의 거점(16.0%) > 지구온난화 에 대비하는 친환경성(4.8%) 순으로 나타났다. 플로팅건축물은 일반인들에게 특별한 공간체험을 제공하며 차별화된 이미지를 가지고 있다. 따라서 플로팅건축물의 공간디자인마케팅은 특별한 공간을 매개로 지자체나 기업이 주민이나 고객들과 아이덴티티와 이미지를 교환하는 형 태로 일어난다. 이때, 건축물이 지닌 기본적인 공간 속성에 방문객들의 공간수요를 반영한 프로그램 선정과 사업주체 및 운영주체의 일원화가 중요하다. 플로팅건축의 프로그램은 상업시설이나 문화시설, 친수공간 확보 조건을 활용한 마리나시설이 적절하며, 향후 플로팅건축 시장도 활성화될 것으로 전망된다.

This study developed the Anti-Floating Method using PHC Pile adapting to the Underground Structures. This Method fixed the wedges on the P.C. strands of the PHC Pile to reinforce the adhesion strength in the concrete foundation. Pullout test result showed 2~3 times better than the present method, so the developed method can be used as the Anti-Floating Method of underground structures.

In this Study, the performance of the connection of Transfer-beam system suggested in the previous study was evaluated by the quasi-static test. The test model was applied to Top and Seat Angle Connection and modified SAC Protocol. The performance of the connection obtained by quasi-static test was shown in P-Δ and M-θ curve graph.

A RSM-based reliability analysis approach is applied to evaluate the safety of floating structures considering uncertainties associated with various design variables. Uncertainties in both load and resistance related variables are explicitly considered in the analysis. It is expected to be practically applied in the reliability-based design of real structures including floating structures.

We have tested the measuring system that can monitor the dynamic behaviour of floating structure by various sensors. In this paper, we present a initial result using a low-cost GPS sensor, which showed the inaccurate position and insufficient frequency for a floating structure.

In this study, comparative analysis has been performed with regard to a bending stress and deformation at bottom slab of a concrete floating container terminal by live load distributions. In addition, a structural performance and behavior of the floating structure is considered using a numerical analysis. Through reviewed structural performance of a floating structure by live load distribution, the structure presented tensile behavior by two live load cases (A, B, D-type). Then, the other live load cases (C, E, F, G, H, I, J-type) shows compressive behavior. Especially, immoderately compressive stress was generated on bottom slab at specific load distribution. but, that should be decreased through controling buoyancy pre-flexion. Through reviewed structural behavior, slopes of structure by four live load cases (B, E, F, H-type) were exceeded in design criteria of mega-float. It should be estimated that it get out of the load case at loading container. In all, the present study can be considered as a benchmark of a floating container terminal in the absence of analysis and will be used to guide-line about serviceability of concrete floating container terminal.

This paper reports the test results of the floating floor system used to reduce the floor noise of apartment buildings. Recently, many soft resilient materials placing between the reinforced concrete slab and finishing mortar are used. The resilient material should not only reduce the floor impact sound vibration from the floor but also support the load on the floor. Thus, even if soft resilient materials satisfy the maximum limitation of light-weight impact sound and heavy-weight impact sound, these materials may not support the load on the floor. The experimental program involved conducting sixteen sound insulation floating floor specimens. Three main parameters were considered in the experimental investigation: resilient materials, loading location, and layers of floor. Experimental results indicated that the stiffness of resilient material significantly influenced on the structural behavior of floating floor system. In addition, the deflection of the floating concrete floor loaded at the side or coner of the specimen was greater than that of the floor loaded at the center of the specimen. However, the aerated concrete did not effect on the cracking strength of floating floor system.

In this study, we investigated the effect of space plasmas on the floating potential variation of a low-altitude, polar-orbiting satellite using the Langmuir Probe (LP) measurement onboard the STSAT-1 spacecraft. We focused on small potential drops, for which the estimation of plasma density and temperature from LP is available. The floating potential varied according to the variations of plasma density and temperature, similar to the previously reported observations. Most of the potential drops occurred around the nightside auroral region. However, unlike the previous studies where large potential drops were observed with the precipitation of auroral electrons, the potential drops occurred before or after the precipitation of auroral electrons. Statistical analysis shows that the potential drops have good correlation with the temperature increase of cold electrons, which suggests the small potential drops be mainly controlled by the cold ionospheric plasmas.

Submerged floating tunnel is an innovative tunnel infrastructure passing through the deep sea independent of wave and wind so that high speed vehicle or train can run. It doesn't depend on water depth and is cost effective due to modular construction on land. The construction period can be reduced drastically. In this paper, a concept design of submerged floating tunnel is introduced and a method to analyze structural behavior of the body in case of collision with ships or submarines is proposed for securing safety. In this study, the local damage and global behavior of submerged tunnel in collision with submerged moving body are simulated via commercial hydrocode LS-DYNA.

The aim of this study is to experimentally verify the feasibility of the vibration control system to be implemented on 1/10 scale down floating structure with rigid body motion and propose a control algorithm to effectively control the dynamic responses of a floating structure. For this, active mass damper system was constructed and evaluated the function of each component consisting of the mass damper system.

This paper deals with the response analysis of a floating building structure subject to both wind and wave loads. The hydrodynamic analysis is performed with sets of wind and wave loads selected from the 100-year return period concept to assess the effect of extreme ocean environmental loads on a floating building. From hydrodynamic analysis in time-domain analysis, it is shown that the responses obtained from the analysis in consideration of both wind and wave loads are far greater than those of wave load only.

In this paper, the structural characteristics of the tracking-type floating PV generation system are presented. Moreover, the structural safety of each tracking-type floating PV generation system is estimated from the analytical results obtained by the finite element analyses.