To meet the increased performance and cost requirements of commercial supercapacitor, a N and O self-doped hierarchical porous carbon is fabricated via a green and simple self-activation route utilizing leaves of wild hollyhock as raw materials. Comparing to commercial activated carbon, the reported material exhibits some marked merits, such as simple and green fabrication process, low cost, and superior capacitance performance. The specific surface area of the obtained N and O codoped hierarchical porous carbon arrives 954 m2 g−1, and the content of the self-doped nitrogen and oxygen reaches 2.64 at.% and 7.38 at.%, respectively. The specific capacitance of the obtained material reaches 226 F g− 1 while the specific capacitance of the symmetric supercapacitor arrives 47.3 F g− 1. Meanwhile, more than 90.3% of initial specific capacitance is kept under a current density of 20 A g− 1, and no arresting degradation is observed for capacitance after 5000 times cycle, perfectly demonstrating the excellent cycle and rate capability of the obtained material. The obtained N and O co-doped hierarchical porous carbon are expected to be an ideal substitution for commercial activated carbon.

본 연구에서는 ZIF-8와 amine으로 개질된 ZIF-8 (amineZIF-8) 함량에 따른 PEBAX/ZIF-8, PEBAX/amineZIF-8 복 합막을 제조하고, 각 복합막에 대해 N2와 CO2의 기체투과 성질을 조사하였다. N2와 CO2 투과도는 PEBAX/ZIF-8 복합막의 경 우 ZIF-8 함량이 많아질수록 증가하였고, PEBAX/amineZIF-8 복합막의 경우 amineZIF-8 20 wt%까지 증가하다가 그 이상의 함량에서는 감소하였다. CO2/N2 이상 선택도는 PEBAX/ZIF-8과 PEBAX/amineZIF-8 복합막 모두 ZIF-8과 amineZIF-8의 함량 20 wt%까지는 증가하다가 그 이후 감소하였고, PEBAX/amineZIF-8 복합막의 경우는 감소폭이 적었다. AmineZIF-8 20 wt% 에서 CO2/N2 이상 선택도가 가장 높았던 이유는 amine 개질로 PEBAX와 amineZIF-8 사이에서의 호환성을 높이고, amineZIF-8 이 PEBAX 내에 고르게 분산되면서 3.4 Å 기공 크기를 갖고 있는 ZIF-8 효과와 CO2에 친화성이 있는 amine의 효과를 가장 크 게 받았기 때문으로 보인다.

P’yohaerok was written by the order of King Sŏngjong in June 1488. It is one of the most important drifting records to China in the Ming era, which was published in six different printed versions in the Chosŏn period. There are two sets of versions, each of which is comprised of three. One is in Toyo Bunko, Yomei Bunko, and Kanazawa Bunko, all of which had been printed before Hideyoshi’s Invasion of Chosŏn in 1592. The other printed and published as a part of Kŭmnamjip after the Invasion has been available in South Korea. P’yohaerok is really an excellent work. For not only does it possess an important historical value of the Ming Dynasty but also allows us to discover a variety of linguistic data and phenomena such as nonstandard forms of characters, vocabulary, grammar and phonemes of native languages in the Ming era, etc. From the perspective of linguistic discourse, the author makes a detailed analysis of the Modern Chinese Linguistics of the work.

Reducing CO2 into high value fuels and chemicals is considered a great challenge in the 21st century. Efficiently activating CO2 will lead to an important way to utilize it as a resource. This article reviews the latest progress of g-C3N4 based catalysts for CO2 reduction. The different synthetic methods of g-C3N4 are briefly discussed. Article mainly introduces methods of g-C3N4 shape control, element doping, and use of oxide compounds to modify g-C3N4. Modified g-C3N4 has more reactive sites, which can significantly reduce the probability of photogenerated electron hole recombination and improve the performance of photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Considering the literature, the hydrothermal method is widely used because of its simple equipment and process and easy control of reaction conditions. It is foreseeable that hydrothermal technology will continue to innovate and usher in a new period of development. Finally, the prospect of a future reduction of CO2 by g-C3N4-based catalysts is predicted.

Ti0.5Al0.5N/CrN nano-multilayers, which are known to exhibit excellent wear resistances, were prepared using the unbalanced magnetron sputter for various periods of 2–7 nm. Ti0.5Al0.5N and CrN comprised a cubic structure in a single layer with different lattice parameters; however, Ti0.5Al0.5N/CrN exhibited a cubic structure with the same lattice parameters that formed the superlattice in the nano-multilayers. The Ti0.5Al0.5/CrN multilayer with a period of 5.0 nm exceeded the hardness of the Ti0.5Al0.5N/CrN single layer, attaining a value of 36 GPa. According to the low-angle X-ray diffraction, the Ti0.5Al0.5N/CrN multilayer maintained its as-coated structure up to 700oC and exhibited a hardness of 32 GPa. The thickness of the oxidation layer of the Ti0.5Al0.5N/CrN multilayered coating was less than 25% of that of the single layers. Thus, the Ti0.5Al0.5N/CrN multilayered coating was superior in terms of hardness and oxidation resistance as compared to its constituent single layers.

본 논문에서는 UiO-66 입자를 합성하고, 이를 열가소성 탄성중합체인 polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene (SBS) 블록공중합체 매질에 삽입하는 방식으로 CO2/N2 기체를 분리하기 위한 혼합 매질 분리막을 제조하였다. UiO-66 가 고분자 매질에서 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 SBS와 UiO-66의 질량 비율을 변화시켜가며 혼합 매질 분리막을 제조하였 다. 또한 UiO-66 입자의 균일한 분산을 위해서 두 차례에 걸친 초음파 처리 및 자성 막대를 이용한 물리적 혼합을 활용하였 다. 제조된 시료들은 푸리에 변환 적외분광법(FT-IR), 주사전자현미경(SEM)을 통해 확인하였다. 또한 기체 투과 성능은 time-lag method를 통해 확인하였다. 이때, UiO-66의 함유량이 증가함에 따라 혼합 매질 분리막의 투과도는 크게 증가하였지만, CO2/N2 선택도는 크게 감소하지 않았다. 가장 좋은 성능을 보인 20%의 UiO-66 입자를 함유한 분리막의 경우 663.8 barrer의 CO2 투 과도와 13.3의 CO2/N2 선택도를 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 Robeson plot에서 순수 고분자 막에 비해 upper bound에 더 가까 운 성능을 나타냈는데, 첨가된 UiO-66가 선택도를 크게 희생시키지 않고 기체 투과도는 두 배 이상 향상시켰기 때문이다.

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an essential step at an anode in electrochemical water-splitting process and requires efficient electrocatalysts to reduce overpotentials. Although precious metal-based materials, such as RuO2, IrO2 and their hybrids with other components, performed excellently as OER electrocatalysts, their high cost has limited practical applications. Consequently, earth-abundant metal components including Fe, Co, and Ni have been investigated as alternatives. In this work, the hybridization of Ni-containing species with conductive carbon-based materials was used to prevent aggregation of active species and improve electrochemical catalytic performance. A new hybrid material composed of NiO nanoparticles and N-doped carbon materials was prepared. The NiO particles with a narrow size distribution were well dispersed on the surface of carbon-based materials. The hybrid showed improved electrocatalytic performance for OER than single components of NiO and N-doped carbon materials.

n-Nonane, 1¸2¸4-trimethylbenzene (124-TMB), toluene, total xylene (TXYL), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and methyl ethyl alcohol (MEK) are major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from printing industries. The absorption amount of a single VOC per unit weight of silicone oil was as follows in the order of 189.5 g/kg-silicone oil for n-nonane, 91.7 g/kg-silicone oil for 124-TMB, and 60.1 g/kg-silicone oil for TXYL. Although hydrophobic VOCs were more absorbed in silicone oil than hydrophilic VOCs such as IPA and MEK, IPA and MEK, which had log Kow values of 1 or less, also were absorbed more than 26.0 g/kg-silicone oil. In two and three mixed VOCs of n-nonane, 124-TMB, and toluene, the absorption amount of each in silicon oil was less than that of single a VOC. The total absorption amount of two mixed VOCs ranged from 47.9 g to 138.7 g/kg-silicone oil, and the total absorption amount of three mixed VOCs was 65.8 g/kg-silicone oil. These results suggest that silicone oil is a promising pretreatment solution capable of absorbing high concentrations of VOCs that are intermittently emitted from printing industries. The absorption information of VOCs obtained in this study can be used as the design parameters of a damping device for the pretreatment of VOCs.

Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infection, one of a major foodborne disease remains considerable public health concerns globally. In this study, we have constructed that the genetically inactivated SE ghost vaccine candidate, JOL2220 (Δlon ΔcpxR Δasd), which express the immunogenic hemagglutinin portion (HA1) of H1N1 virus on the Salmonella surface. The lysis gene cassette, holin-endolysin system originated from double DNA bacteriophage λ was cloned into the ghost vector plasmid pJHL464, which activated under the control of the convergent promoter system. Scanning electronic microscopic examination revealed that transmembrane tunnels of JOL2220 was formed following the 48 hr of the lysis mediated by the holin-endolysin system. In vitro expression of HA1 antigenic protein was also determined by Western blot analysis. The Chickens immunized with JOL2220 ghost via intramuscular and oral routes showed significant increase in IgG level against both SE and HA1 antigen. Further, we observed markedly enhancement of lymphocyte proliferation and T-cell differentiation in the primed PBMC of the immunized chicken, compared to those in the control group. Collectively, the results indicated that the SE ghosts expressing HA1 antigen may have immunostimulatory properties against Salmonella and influenza infection where the chicken is the predominant reservoir.

다층 구조를 가진 5A 제올라이트를 탄소 분자체 분리막에 첨가한 복합막을 제조하고 질소/산소의 분리 특성을 평가하였다. 제올라이트의 첨가는 선택도에는 미세한 영향을 주지만 투과도를 크게 증가시키는 방법으로 전체적인 탄소막의 질소/산소의 분리 성능을 상승시켰다. 특히 메조포어를 함유한 다층구조의 제올라이트 첨가제는 분리막의 투과도를 보다 효율적으로 상승시켜 아주 우수한 분리 성능에 도달하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 저렴한 탄소막 전구체와 제올라이트 소재를 활용하 고도 고성능의 질소/산소 분리막을 손쉽게 제조할 수 있다는 것을 제시한다.

In this paper, we investigated the effect of the passivation stack with Al2O3, hydrogenated silicon nitride (SiNx:H) stack and Al2O3, silicon oxynitride (SiONx) stack in the n type bifacial solar cell on monocrystalline silicon. SiNx:H and SiONx films were deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition on the Al2O3 thin film deposited by thermal atomic layer deposition. We focus on passivation properties of the two stack structure after laser ablation process in order to improve bifaciality of the cell. Our results showed SiNx:H with Al2O3 stack is 10 mV higher in implied open circuit voltage and 60 μs higher in minority carrier lifetime than SiONx with Al2O3 stack at Ni silicide formation temperature for 1.8% open area ratio. This can be explained by hydrogen passivation at the Al2O3/Si interface and Al2O3 layer of laser damaged area during annealing.

Using first-principles theory, we investigated the adsorption performance of CoN4- CNT towards six small gases including NO, O2, H2, H2S, NH3, and CH4, for exploiting its potential application for chemical gas sensors. The frontier molecular orbital theory was conducted to help understand the conductivity change of the proposed material at the presence of gas molecules. The desorption behavior of gas molecules from CoN4- CNT surface at ambient temperature was analyzed as well to determine its suitability for sensing application. Results show that CoN4- CNT is a promising material for O2 and NH3 sensing due to their desirable adsorption and desorption behaviors while not appropriate for sensing NO due to the poor desorption ability and for sensing CH4 and H2 given the poor adsorption behavior. Our calculation would provide a first insight into the CoN4- embedded effect on the structural and electronic properties of single-walled CNT, and shed light on the application of CoN4- CNT towards sensing of small gases.