PURPOSES: Traffic cameras have been installed to reduce traffic accidents. The effectiveness of traffic cameras has been proved by dozens of studies, but recently questions over its effectiveness have been raised by a series of studies. In this study, the effectiveness of traffic cameras was analyzed with a focus on different road environments. METHODS : The effectiveness of the traffic cameras was analyzed by extracting the occurence frequency before and after camera installation. The effect of reduction was analyzed comprehensively considering the installation position, monitoring direction, and surrounding environment of traffic cameras. RESULTS : The result of this study is as follows. First, the installation of cameras in an area with relatively low accidental traffic was more effective. Secondly, the effect of camera installation on car-to-pedestrian collisions was better than that of car-to-car collisions. Thirdly, accidents tended to occur more frequently when cameras were installed in front of the accident-prone owing to the negative spill-over effect. CONCLUSIONS: The result can be used to guide placement of traffic cameras. Moreover, the installation of cameras with consideration of the road environment is expected to contribute to a reduction in traffic fatalities.

The study analyzed the current status of fisheries port market and presented the direction of developments. The fisheries port market has become increasingly widespread due to the aging of the facilities and the scale of the fish product trade, and the number of distribution workers has also increased. The problems of fisheries port market are as follows. First, the transaction structure was changed as the proportion of aquaculture products increased. Second, the trading structure has changed, but it has failed to keep pace with the changes in the production structure. Third, the volume and amount of fish traded in aquaculture products and fish stocks increased. As a result, the growth rate of the fisheries port market is decreasing and profitability is deteriorating. The development direction of the fisheries port market is as follows. First, it is necessary to standardize the fisheries port market facilities, according to the type of fish products. Second, it needs to diversify its trade targets such as processed fish products and imported fish products. Third, it is necessary to diversify the business of the fisheries port market in order to increase profitability.

This study aims to analyze the effects of 4 directions of wind, wind speed, year of construction of slate roofs, installation area and other factors on the concentration and size distribution of airborne fiber particles in farmhouses with a slate roof containing asbestos. Airborne fiber particle samples were collected from the air in six houses with a slate roof containing asbestos using a high flow rate pump (10 L/min) for 2 hours, three times a day with a different condition, 72 times in total. The airborne fiber particle concentrations were measured using a phase contrast microscope, and the size of fiber particles of 72 samples in total was estimated using the mean value of those in each sample measured at 100 with a field of view. The total average concentration of fiber particles collected from in the air in four directions of the targeted farmhouses was 2.83 fiber/L, and its maximum concentration was 5.75 fiber/L, which means that among all samples there was no place that exceeded 10 fiber/L, a recommended indoor air quality standard. The average size of the fiber particles was 11.55 μm, and the maximum size was 40 μm. A multiple regression analysis of factors affecting the concentration and size of fiber particles in the air collected from the farmhouses with a slate roof containing asbestos found that the closer to the main wind direction (p<0.001) and the faster the average wind speed (p<0.05), the fiber particles concentration became significantly higher. In this case, the coefficient of determination was 52.8%. It was also found that the wider the total area of the slate roof (p<0.001) and the slower the average wind speed (p<0.05), the longer the fiber particles; the coefficient of determination for this finding was 19.6%. The concentration of fiber particles in the air of farmhouses with a slate roof appeared to be the highest under the main wind direction, and became significantly higher as the wind speed became faster. This proved that fiber particles were leaked from the slate roof. The size of the fiber particles became significantly longer as the area of the slate roof became wider and the wind speed became slower.

We propose some countermeasures needed to cope with fortifying international regulations for fisheries subsidies. The government should rigorously select the recipients of fisheries subsidies to ensure that they are not engaged in ineffective projects by resorting to subsidies. On the other hand, the government should make the individual applicant’s application for the subsidies easier by exempting them from the submission of a burdensome feasibility report. As for the strengthening regulatory international movements against the fisheries subsidies, we can consider the following countermeasures. One is not to designate and provide prohibitive subsidies in such a way that violates international norms. The other one is to reform the domestic fisheries subsidies system in Korea with the following points considered. It should be considered that fisheries subsidies, which can be categorized as the actionable subsidies, should not be granted to the items that can be exported but to the items that can be used for domestic consumption or processing. In the case of non-actionable subsidies, the subsidies are mainly allowed for promotion of public-sector research and development, regional development, and adaptation to new environmental regulations. Thus, the non-actionable subsidies should be designated in the consideration of the allowances for these activities.

이 연구는 북한당국에 의해 자행되는 선교사 납치 및 억류가 증가하는 상황에서의 대북선교 위기관리를 고찰하며 대책을 다루었다. 1995년 이후 북한에 의해 강제실종된 선교사는 10여명이 되는 것으로 알려졌다. 북한당국은 선교사 억류를 최고 존엄과 북한체제 비방, 간첩행위 등으로 내세우지만 실제로는 북한주민 단속강화, 탈북자 차단, 지하교인 색출, 선교조직 와해를 목적으로 선교사를 억류하는 것으로 파악된다. 또, 모종의 협상이 필요할 때 선교사 석방을 명분으로 내세우는 것으로 보인다. 선교현장에서의 불필요한 마찰과 희생을 최소화하기 위해 신분노출을 삼가고, 무분별한 북한주민 접촉을 삼가는 것이 위험을 최소화 할 수 있는 방안이다. 선교관련 자료 노출은 선교사 개인뿐만이 아니라 관련된 다수의 사람들과 선교사역 자체에 치명적이 될 수 있으므로 철저히 관리해야 한다. 특히 선교 관련하여 감정적으로 접근하거나, 성과위주로 사역을 하게 되면 큰 어려움에 처하게 될 수도 있다는 사실을 직시해야 한다. 끝으로 대북선교는 네트워크를 통한 정보공유나 선교단체와의 연계가 어렵고, 선교결과를 공개하기 어렵다는 한계를 갖고 있다. 따라서 후원교회나 선교단체에서는 이런 제한과 한계에 대해 이해하여 선교사의 이름과 사역내용과 선교장소 공개를 삼가야 할 것이다.

로잔운동이 천명하는 신학교육의 목적은 세상 속에서 수행되는 하나님의 선교를 분별하고 동참하는 교회의 지도자들을 훈련시키고 배출하는 것이다. 이러한 입장을 오늘의 신학교육에 반영한다면, 그것 은 세계화가 급속도로 진전되고 다수 세계의 교회들이 급부상하는 상황 속에서 서구의 전통적인 신학교육 프로그램을 그대로 답습하는 것이 아니라, 보다 새로운 상황에서 성경의 진리를 새롭게 이해하고 적용하는 자신학화의 노력과 새로운 상황에 적절한 상황화된 복음을 전파하는 일이 될 것이다. 그것은 또한 신학 커리큘럼을 작성함에 있어서 선교적 틀에 입각하여 선교적 차원이 모든 교과과정에 반영되도 록 하는 동시에 선교적 의도를 보다 직접적으로 드러내는 교과목들 (e.g., 전도학, 교회개척, 선교신학, 그리고 선교학의 최근 동향 등)을 추가해 나가는 것이다. 그러할 때 신학교육은 하나님의 백성들로 하여 금 하나님의 선교에 동참하도록 인도하고 훈련시키는 미셔널 지도자들 을 배출하는 본래의 역할을 제대로 감당하게 될 것이다.

본 연구는 어린이를 대상으로 한 과학전시관의 현황을 파악하고 어린이 과학관에서의 교육효과를 높이기 위한 전시 공간연출의 개선방향을 제안하기 위한 연구이다. 이를 위하여 어린이과학관 전시물과 전시공간을 전시내용에 따라 크게 3가지 주제로 분류하고, 전시매체와 전시공간을 분석하는 분석틀을 개발하였다. 연구 대상은 국내 어린이를 대상 으로 한 전시관 총 7곳을 목적 표집하여 선정하고, 촬영을 통해 자료를 수집하여 분석틀에 따라 분석하였다. 연구 결과, ‘신 체’와 ‘주변 사물’, ‘자연 현상’을 전시 내용으로 한 전시현황을 분석했을 때, 어린이의 발달수준에 맞지 않는 어려운 내용으로 구성되어 있으며, 전시매체 측면에서는 설명적 매체와 관찰형 매체가 주를 이루고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또 한 전시공간 측면에서는 설치물요소와 색상요소에 의존하는 경향이 높으며, 전시 주제에 따른 동선의 흐름이 대체적으 로 전시 내용 전체 스토리를 유추하기 어렵다고 할 수 있겠다. 이를 개선하고 어린이 과학관에서의 교육효과를 높이기 위해 전시 연출의 기획단계에서부터 관련 전문가들의 협업을 통해 전반적인 진행이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to improve practical skill evaluation method of mushroom - trained certified technician's practical skill evaluation which is one of national qualification tests based on national incompetency standards. One of the current National Competency Standards (NCS), mushroom - trained certified technician uses NCS based practical assessment method. In order to improve the current practical evaluation method, we try to improve practical evaluation method based on field customized problem solving ability and improve the practical evaluation method, various evaluation methods should be constructed. On the purpose of identify the diversity and problems of the evaluation method, the experts of the group consultation, the mushroom-related research institute and the related industry collaborated to identify the problems of the actual mushroom - trained certified technician practicum test, This study on the evaluation improvement method was carried out. In this study, the contents of practical test of the current mushroom traits were analyzed and the trends of the latest mushroom industry were widely reflected.

Teacher quality is a topic of international concern, as it impacts student learning and teacher preparation. This study compared the undergraduate secondary science teacher preparation programs from two universities in Korea with those of Oregon, USA. We examined the programs’ structural curricular coherence, conceptual curricular coherence, and curricular balance. Structural curricular coherence was determined by examining the overarching goals of the institutions’ programs, the organization of the programs of study in terms of meeting those goals, and outside bodies of evidence. All universities were in structural coherence for various reasons. Conceptual curricular coherence was determined by examining students’ perceptions of the connection between their preparation and their clinical practice. In case of Korea, most students from both universities were not satisfied with their practical preparation. In the US, the students from both institutions felt well prepared to transition to inservice teaching. To determine curricular balance, we examined the institutions’ preparation programs looking at the credit hours taken in the four main areas of the teacher knowledge base: GPK (General Pedagogical Knowledge), SMK (Subject Matter Knowledge), PCK (Pedagogical Content Knowledge), and CK (Contextual Knowledge). The total credit hours taken in each category was very similar by country but the application and field component in the USA was far greater than those of Korea where the focus was heavily on SMK and PCK. The main reason for these may be the nations’ licensing and employment processes. Keywords: teacher quality, teacher preparation program, inservice, preservice, curricular coherence

This study analyzes residents’ views on rural resources and facilities necessary for rural resource development. The data utilized for the analysis is a questionnaire targeting local residents living in Yuchon-ri, Musu-ri, Yudeung-myeon, Sunchang-gun, and Jeollabuk-do. The analysis methods used herein include multi-attribute utility theory, to assess the importance of community resources; variance analysis to determine the importance of developmental directions; and multiple response and cross-analysis to analyze the facilities required for each project. The results are as follows: “Seomjin River”, “specialized crops”, “Oktaek creek”, and the “bike lane along Seomjin River” were rated highly as community resources. Respondents evaluated the developmental directions in descending order of importance, i.e., “cultivating specialized crops”, “fostering environmentally-friendly agriculture”, “processing agricultural specialty products”, “improving rural landscapes”, “revitalizing rural tourism and hands-on experiences” and “ameliorating living environments”. Regarding facilities required for each project respondents prioritized “expanding basic living grounds”, the establishment of “health care maintenance facilities” and the “expansion and paving of village roads”. Also frequently requested were “facilities for increasing local incomes”, the “direct transaction of agricultural products”, “facilities for processing agricultural specialty products” and “establishing a distribution system for agricultural specialty products”. Many respondents also expressed their need for “sales facilities” and “facilities for hands-on experiences” in order to “revitalize rural tourism”. With respect to facilities for “ameliorating local landscapes” respondents wished to “establish community symbolic structures”, “plant roadside trees”, “revamp vacant or deserted properties” and “tidy up the areas surrounding community centers.” Needs were identified such as “education for local residents”, “community leader- fostering training”, and “taking tours of advanced areas” in order to “enhance the capabilities of local areas”, Given such analysis results, it can be seen that local residents place greater emphasis on the rural resource developments whereby they can better increase their revenues. Respondents would like the developmental directions from which they can create value related to producing, processing, and experiencing specialty crops. In order to set the direction for the development of these rural, future research must meticulously examine the resources scattered through rural and create measures that can be directly linked to rural household incomes and regional revenues.

In dieser Arbeit wurde versucht, die Perzeption der Studenten von dem Kulturlernen im Fremdsprachenunterricht(FU) zu erfassen und über Ausrichtung des Unterrichts für Kulturlernen inklusive Literacies zu diskutieren. Dabei ging ich davon aus, dass der Kulturunterricht an den koreanischen Hochschulen sogennate Multiliteracies einschließen sollen. Dazu habe ich Studenten befragt, um ihre Perzeption von Literacices beim Kulturunterricht zu erfassen. Davor habe ich ein paar Terminologie wie Literacies, Cultural Literacy, Intercultural Literacy, Critical Literacy, und Information Literacy neu definert. Nach der Analyse der Umfragenresultat habe ich die Aufsätze von den Unterrichtsführungen des Intercultural Literacy und Critical Literacy untersucht. Die Analyse hat es gezeigt, dass die meisten koreanischen Studenten Kulturelernen im FU als wichtig fanden. Dagegen glaubten die ähnlichen Zahl der Studenten, dass Critical Literacy im Kulturlernen weniger nötig als andere Literacies war. Das hängt von dem Schulsystem von Korea, weil Lernerinnen in der Schule Kritik nicht so einfach üben könnten. Daher soll man im Kulturlernen an den Hochschulen Critical Literacy behandeln. Außerdem soll man beim Kulturlernen Schwerpunkt an das Interculral Literacy legen, um Studentinnen bei der Vorbereitung auf die globale Welt zu helfen. Die Arbeit hat auf der Grundlage der vorherigen Untersuchungen darüber diskutiert, wie man Intercultural Litarcy und Critical Literacy ins Kulturlernen einführen kann.

미래는 다양성을 융통적으로 발휘하여 함께 어울림이 가능한 사람만이 바람직한 삶을 살아갈 수 있는 시대이다. 이를 위해 학교 교육은 기존의 학교라는 틀에서 벗어나 학생의 진로에 영향을 미치는 다양한 교육의 형태와 내용을 제공해야 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 중학생의 진로정체감에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인들을 살펴보았고, 학교교육의 형태에서 진로정체감에 영향을 주는 다양한 요인들을 제공하기 위한 발전적 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구는 한국아동ㆍ청소년 패널조사(Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey, KCYPS) 2015년 중학교 1 학년 패널 5차년도 자료를 활용하였고, 총 2,056명이 연구대상이였다. 연구결과는 학업성취가 자아인식과 또래애착이 진로정체감 사이에서 매개효과를 갖는다는 것을 밝혔다. 첫째, 청소년의 자아인식과 학업성취, 또래애착과 학업성취, 학업성취와 진로정체감, 자아인식과 진로정체감, 또래애착과 진로정체감의 경로를 검증한 결과 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 청소년의 자아인식, 또래애착이 진로정체감에 미치는 영향에 대한 학업성취의 매개효과를 검증한 결과, 학업성취의 매개효과가 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 청소년들의 진로정체감을 증진시키기 위해 자아인식, 또래애착을 바탕으로 한 학업성취를 고취시키는 진로지도를 연구하는 것이 중요하게 고려되어진다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 실천적 함의가 논의되어졌다.

수업컨설팅의 궁극적 목적은 수업 개선을 통한 교육의 질 향상이며 교수자의 교수역량 개발과 향상 에 있다. 그러나, 지금까지 대부분의 수업컨설팅은 수업이라는 상황을 두고 컨설턴트가 교수자에게 양 적 혹은 질적으로 지도, 조언을 하는 형태로 이루어졌다. 교육이라는 거시적인 맥락에서 복합적인 요 소들을 총체적으로 고려한 수업컨설팅이 아닌 단편적인 스펙트럼 내에서 장단점을 발견하고 개선점을 피드백 해주는 형태였다. 이 연구의 목적은 사이버대학의 콘텐츠 평가 체계와 평가 내용, 학습자들의 학습실태 및 학습만족도 조사 결과 등을 분석하고 문제점과 시사점을 도출하여 사이버대학에 효과적으로 적용할 수 있는 수업 컨설팅 방향을 제시하는데 있다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 사이버대학의 수업컨설팅을 위한 방안을 제시 하면 다음과 같다. 1) 미시적 차원과 거시적 차원의 총체적 관점에서 사이버대학에 대한 맥락성을 고 려하기 2) 콘텐츠 개발 영역과 수업운영 영역별로 실제적인 피드백을 제공하기 3) 사이버대학의 특성 을 고려한 수업분석 도구를 개발하여 적용하기 4) 좋은 수업을 위한 좋은 콘텐츠의 조건과 요인을 분 석하여 적용하기 그리고 교수자 스스로의 지속적인 성찰과 수업개선을 위해 노력하는 자세가 필요하 다.

Disaster and safety budget can be characterized as a large-scale public asset on which the government has a significant role. It is of a crucial importance to properly allocate the limited national budget to various areas as necessary. Higher investment efficiency of the budget related to disaster and safety management requires distribution criteria based on relevance and efficiency. Currently, the budget related to disaster and safety management is orchestrated through the prior consultation system. However, there is still no clear framework for reviewing the investment direction and setting the priority investment areas by prior consultation. This study analyzes the status and characteristics of disaster and safety management projects by damage type and proposes a structured system for prioritization. This framework can be useful in selecting the areas that need priority investments by damage type of disaster and safety management projects, thereby contributing to improving investment efficiency.

Jo, Jinsu & Park, Jae-hyun. 2017. “Educational Direction by User Perception Type for Military Slangs and Unfamiliar Sino-Korean Words”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 25(1). 213~238. The purpose of this study is to suggest an educational direction about military slangs and unfamiliar Sino-Korean words used in the military considering the need for refinement and acceptability of the language users. To this end, military personnel, the users of the military language, have been surveyed to examine their use and views of the military language, principally military slangs and unfamiliar Sino-Korean words. Focus-group interviews have also been performed to make an in-depth analysis on their language practice. According to the survey results, the perceived need for refinement is high but acceptability is remarkably lower than the perceived need for refinement. While respondents agree that the suggested terms need to be refined, they think that the purified words or alternative terms are unlikely to be accepted by the men in the military. Compared to military slangs, unfamiliar Sino-Korean words are, in general, regarded in more need of improvement, which is also more likely to be accepted. The result also implies that the following should be considered in establishing an education method; whether the substitute words have the same meaning as the original words, in what context the words are used, and how the substitute words are formed. In conclusion, this study suggested education method about military slangs and unfamiliar Sino-Korean words used in the military based on the refinement needs and user acceptability.