본 연구는 동북아 문화권에서 문화적 자아개념(관계중심적자아·독립적자아)과 귀인양식(내적·외적)이 연고(緣故; 사적 관계망)현상에 대한 개인의 인식에 영향을 끼치는지를 알아보기 위하여 설문조사방법을 사용하여 변인들 간의 관계를 통계적으로 분석하였다. 또한 연구는 문화에 따라 연고의 심리사회적 기능이 다르게 나타나는지를 개방적 질문을 통해 알아보았다. 서울·경기·부산 지역에 거주하는 직업을 갖고 있는 중국인과 한국인 184명을 대상으로, 문화적 자아개념(관계 중심적·독립적), 귀인양식(내적·외적), 공정성 인식(분배·절차·상호작용)에 대하여 설문조사한 결과, 관계중심적 자아개념과 외적귀인양식을 가진 개인들은 독립적 자아개념과 내적귀인양식을 가진 개인들보다 연고에 대한 공정성 인식에서 더 부정적인 것으로 나타났다. 뿐만 아니라, 심리사회적 기능에서도 차이를 보였는데, 관계 중심적 자아 개념을 가진 중국인들과 한국인들은 연고 집단으로부터 도구적·정보적 지지를 기대한 반면에 독립적 자아개념을 가진 중국인과 한국인들은 정서적 지지를 기대하는 것으로 나타났다. 연고 압력과 조직 내 개인의 무기력감을 감소시키기 위한 방안으로 귀인양식 훈련을 비롯한 조직에서 활용할 수 있는 교육프로그램 개발에 대해 논의하였다.

New biological treatments were being developed at a record place, but their potential could be compromised by a significant obstacle: the delivery of these drugs into a body. Pharmaceutical delivery is now nearly as important as product. New systems are being developed, and Drug Delivery Markets Series cover these new systems. Transdermal Delivery System(TDS) is often used as a method of drug dosage into the epidermic skin. An approach used to delivery drugs through the skin for therapeutic use as an alternative to oral, intravascular, subcutaneous and transmucosal routes. Various transdermal drug delivery technologies are described including the use of suitable formulations, carriers and penetration enhancers. The most commonly used transdermal system is the skin patch using various types of technologies. Compared with other methods of dosage, it is possible to use for a long term. It is also possible to stop the drug dosage are stopped if the drug dosage lead to side effect. Polysaccharides, such as karaya gum and glucomannan, were selected as base materials of TDS. Also, these polymers were characterized in terms of enhancers, drug contents. Among these polysaccharide, the permeation rate of karaya gum matrix was fastest in fibric acid(ciprofibrate) such as lipophilic drug in vitro. We used glycerin, PEG400 and PEG800 as enhancers. Since dermis has more water content(hydration) than the stratum corneum, skin permeation rate at steady state was highly influenced when PEG400 was more effective for lipophilic drug. Proper selection of the polymeric materials which resemble and enhance properties of the delivering drug was found to be important in controlling the skin permeation rate. Especially, this result suggests a possible use of polysaccharide gel ointment matrix as a transdermal delivery system of anti-hyperlipoproteinemic agent.

Transdermal therapeutic system(TTS) is often used as the method of drug dosage into the epidermic skin. Natural polymer were selected as ointment material of TTS. We investigated the permeation of natural polymer ointment containing drug in rat skin using horizontal membrane cell model. Permeation properties of materials were investigated for water-soluble drug such as Nicotinic acid N-oxide in vitro. These results showed that skin permeation rate of drug across the composite was mainly dependent on the property of ointment base and drug. Proper selection of the polymeric materials which resemble and enhance properties of the delivering drug was found to be important in controlling the skin permeation rate. This result suggests a possible use of natural polymer ointment base as TTS of antihyperlipoproteinemic agent.

Drug delivery system(DDS) applied to various fields, such as medicine, cosmetics, agriculture and necessities of life. Among these application fields, DDS is often used as the method of drug dosage into the epidermic skin. We investigated characters of transdermal therapeutic system(TTS) and the skin permeability of that with applying DDS. Chitosan was selected as material of TTS. We investigated the permeation of chitosan ointment containing drug in rat skin using horizontal membrane cell model. Permeation properties of materials were investigated for water-soluble drug such as riboflavin in vitro. We used glycerin, PEG 600 and oleic acid as enhancers. Since dermis has more content water(hydration) than the stratum corneum, skin permeation rate at steady state was highly influenced when glycerin was used in water-soluble drug. The permeation rate of content enhancer and drug was found to be faster than that of content water-soluble drug only. These results showed that skin permeation rate of drug across the composite was manly dependent on the property of ointment base and drug. Proper selection of the polymeric materials which resemble and enhance properties of the delivering drug was found to be important in controlling the skin permeation rate.

Every yaar approximately 12,000 people die from severe burns and thermal injury. Distinguishing a minor burn from a more serious burn involves determining the degree of damage to the tissues of the body. The major lethal problems are massive fluid losses and microbial infections. Xanthan gum and algin are known as natural polymers. we prepared the official burn ointment which were made by xanthan gum and algin. This burn ointment was covered on the skin wound of artificial burned and their effect of healing were investigated by the evaluation of histological and hematological change as a function of time. The result of rats test showed that burn ointments made from xanthan gum and algin were more effective in formation of the new tissue and reduction of inflammation than the controls. From the results obtained in this study, natural polymer ointment which were prepared from xanthan gum and algin were found to satisfy most of the existing ointment substitute.

Burns can be caused by fire, chemicals, heated object and fluids. Distinguishing a minor burn from a more serious burn involves determining the degree of damage to the tissues of the body. Algin is known as natural polymer marine plants, we prepared the official burn ointment which is made by Algin. This burn ointment was covered on the skin wound of artificial burned and their effect of healing was investigated by the evaluation of histological and hematological change as a function of time. The result of rats test showed that burn ointments made from Algin was effective in formation of the new tissue and reduction of inflammation.

In this study, we looked at characteristics and properties of polyethylene glycol (PEG) mixed with cement paste. And as a result, brought improvement on strength and durability, discovering the possibility of development of more economical and easily workable injection material.