This study aims to develop a multi-functional cage for dogs as a house to reduce their anxiety when they go out using cages. This study investigates the types and characteristics of cages and cage preference by surveying men and women in their 20s who use them. The cage product reviews are also analyzed. The research results are as follows: First, domestic dog cages are classified into crate, shoulder, cross (sling bag), backpack, carrier, and stroller types. The crate type is easy to clean and can be used as a house, but it is bulky and therefore inconvenient to carry when using public transportation. The shoulder type is a fabric material with good air permeability but has the disadvantage of being easily soiled. It can be used as a house and is light weight, making it convenient when using public transportation. Second, as a result of consumer research, respondents prefer the shoulder-type fabric over the crate-type plastic material. Third, from the shoulder-type product review, the shape stability, companion dogs’ psychological safety, the wearability of companions, and management convenience are derived. Fourth, based on the survey results, a multifunctional cage is developed taking into account the companion dog, companion person, and functional factors.

Electrospinning, as one of the nano technologies for synthesizing nanofiber, is widely used in filtration, thermal insulation, protective clothing, sensors, conducting devices, and other fields due to its simple equipment, low cost and easy manipulation. The electrospun fibers have small diameter, high porosity, excellent pore interconnectivity, large specific surface area, easy surface modification, polymer chain functionalization and other advantages. Therefore, in this study, electrospinning technology was employed to synthesize multifunctional composite nanofiber membrane(polyacrylonitrile/fly ash/polyacrylonitrile, PAN/FA/AgNO3), which has the ability to remove volatile organic compounds(VOCs) and heavy metals; moreover, the membrane also has excellent antibacterial ability. This research result provides an important reference value for broadening the application of electrospinning technology in the field of air and water filtration in the future.

현대에 사용되는 콘크리트는 혼화재료 적용을 통하여 워커빌리티와 구조적 성능을 향상시킬 수 있고 극한 환경에서 적용 가능한 기능성 콘크리트로 개발되었으나 외부 요인에 의한 부식, 인장력에 취약한 구조적 한계는 콘크리트의 활용 범위를 제한하였다. 이러한 콘크리트의 단점을 해결하는 방안으로 신소재로써 각광받고 있으며 고유의 기능을 부여할 수 있는 Smart material을 활용하고자 하며 Smart material 중 하나인 탄소나노튜브는 콘크리트의 보강재 중 하나인 철근보다 더 뛰어난 역학적 성능을 보이므로 콘크리트 내 적용을 통해 콘크리트의 향상된 구조성능을 기대할 수 있다. 또 다른 Smart material중 하나인 자기치유 혼화재는 콘크리트 균열면의 앙금 반응을 통해 균열을 메움으로써 콘크리트의 균열 부분 및 내부 배근재의 부식을 최소화하고자 한다. 탄소나노튜브는 시멘트 질량의 0.1, 0.3, 0.5%, 자기치유 콘크리트는 시멘트 질량의 6, 8, 10%만큼 혼입된 콘크리트 복합체의 역학적 거동을 검토하기 위해서 압축강도 시험과 휨시험을 수행하였으며 휨시험이 종료된 시편을 수중에 넣어 0,3,7,14,21,28,56,84일간 자기치유 성능을 검토하였다. 휨시험의 경우 OPC시편과 비교하여 동일 변위에 대해 높은 하중 변화를 보였으나 취성도가 증가하였다. 자기치유 실험의 경우 탄소나노튜브의 경우 일반 OPC 시편보다 약간 향상된 자기치유 성능을 보였으나 혼입량 증가에 따른 경향성을 보이지 못하였다. 자기치유 혼화재의 경우 OPC 또는 탄소나노튜브 혼입 콘크리트보다 초기 속도면에서 느린 회복률을 보였으나 최종 회복률에서 더 우수한 결과를 보였으며 이러한 현상은 혼입율의 증가에 따라 해당 경향이 더 뚜렷히 보였다.

Fe3O4/SiO2/YVO4:Eu3+ multifunctional nanoparticles are successfully synthesized by facile stepwise sol-gel processes. The multifunctional nanoparticles show a spherical shape with narrow size distribution (approximately 40 nm) and the phosphor shells are well crystallized. The Eu3+ shows strong photoluminescence (red emission at 619 nm, absorbance at 290 nm) due to an effective energy transfer from the vanadate group to Eu. Core-shell structured multifunctional nanoparticles have superparamagnetic properties at 300 K. Furthermore, the core-shell nanoparticles have a quick response time for the external magnetic field. These results suggest that the photoluminescence and magnetic properties could be easily tuned by either varying the number of coating processes or changing the phosphor elements. The nanoparticles may have potential applications for appropriate fields such as laser systems, optical amplifiers, security systems, and drug delivery materials.

The physical treatment such as chemical precipitation or adsorption was usually added after biological treatment in wastewater treatment process since it was enforced to reduce the concentration of phosphate for wastewater effluent to 0.2 mg/L as P which was well known as one of main nutrient causing eutrophication in waterbody. Therefore, the new material functioned for both adsorption and disinfection was prepared with Fe and Cu, and TiO2, respectively, by changing the ratio of concentration referred to tri-metal (TM). According to SEM-EDS, TiO2 was 30~40% composition for any TM regardless of any synthesis condition. However, the ratio of composition for Fe and Cu was dependent on the initial Fe and Cu concentration, respectively. The removal efficiency of phosphate was obtained to 15% at low initial concentration and the maximum uptake (Q) was calculated to ~11 mg/g through Langmuir isotherm model using TM1 which was synthesized at 1000 mg/L, 1000 mg/L, and 2 g (10 g/L) for Fe(NO3)3, Cu(NO3)2, TiO2, respectively. In disinfection test, the efficiency of virus removal using TM was increased with increase of dosage of TM and can be reached 98% at 0.2 g.

본 논문에서는 다기능성 마스크 팩의 제조 및 이를 이용한 마스크 팩 제조 및 평가에 대한 것이다. 여기서 다 기능성이란 폴리인산에 의한 원적외선 효과, 포접화합물에 의한 기미치료 효과 및 필링효과, 라벤다 추출물에 의한 피부진정 효과를 의미한다. 제조한 다기능성 마스크 팩의 용제에 대한 유해물질의 측정결과 0.001mg/Kg 이하로 검출되었으며, 점도는 280 cP, pH=6.92 이었다. 마스크 시트에 다기능성 용제를 침지시켜 제조한 다기능성 마스크 팩의 원적외선 방사율은 0.882 μm이고 원적외선 방사에너지는 3.40x102 W/mᆞ, 37℃이었다. 다기능성 마스크 팩의 착용 후, 5일간 사용 후의 보습율은 사용전보다 14.5% ~ 35.5% 우수하였으며, 피부 온도는 24 ~ 26℃ 나타내었으며, 30명의 볼란티어 피부접촉 자극성 평가에서도 매우 안정적이었다.

Water quality improvement processes for stagnant area consist mainly of technologies applying vegetation and artificial water circulation, and these existing technologies have some limits to handle pollution loads effectively. To improve the purification efficiency, eco-friendly technologies should be developed that can reinforce self-purification functions. In this study, a multi-functional floating island combined with physical · chemical · biological functions (① flotation and oxidization using microbubbles, ② vegetation purification and ③ bio-filtration with improved adsorption capacity) has been developed and basic experiments were performed to determine the optimal combination conditions for each unit process. It has been shown that it is desirable to operate the microbubble unit process under conditions greater than 3.5 kgf/cm2. In vegetation purification unit process, Yellow Iris (Iris pseudacorus) was suggested to be suitable considering water quality, landscape improvement and maintenance. When granular red-mud was applied to the bio-filtration unit process, it was found that T-P removal efficiency was good and its value was also stable for various linear velocity conditions. The appropriate thickness of filter media was suggested between 30 and 45 cm. In this study, the optimal design and operating parameters of the multi-functional floating island have been presented based on the results of the basic experiments of each unit process.