This study was to assess the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk on exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde of worker and user at public facilities in Korea. We measured the concentrations of formaldehyde and VOCs in indoor air at 160 public buildings that 5 kinds of public facilities (30 hotel, 30 fitness center, 25 gosiwon, 30 reading-room and 45 video-room) all over the country. There were estimated the human exposure dose and risks with averages of the using-time and frequency for facility users and office workers, respectively. Carcinogens (benzene and formaldehyde) were estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs). Non-carcinogens (toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene) were estimated the hazard quotients (HQs). HQs of four non-carcinogens did not exceed 1.0 for all subjects in all facilities. Higher HQs of toluene were observed at the reading-room. The average ECRs of formaldehyde and benzene for facility worker and user were 1×10^-4~1×10^-6 level in all facilities. The estimated ECRs for reading-room were the highest and the fitness center and gosiwon were the next higher facilities. Because lifetime ECRs of carcinogens exceeded 1×10^-4 for facility worker in the most facilities, risk management of formaldehyde and benzene in the facilities was necessary. IAQ guidelines should be determined strictly to prevent occurrence of disease caused by poor IAQ beforehand.

To build a most efficient and competitive warehouse, need to reflect tenants various opinions in advance such as location, rentable size, leasing terms, rental, configuration of the building, building structure, traffic flow and amenities. Thus a survey for major tenants which are logistics, retailers and manufactures should be done to figure out potential demand and marketing strategy to lead to be a competitive warehouse. However above survey is time consuming work and requires high cost involvement thus to avoid such an inefficient process and to facilitate investors prompt and right decision making, there should be a tool which helps to make a decision process easier with simple key factors. In other word, we have used above mentioned 'Demand Approach' so far but here I am introducing 'Factors Comparison' which reflects location factors and facility factors. I derived Kwang-myung logistics park's proper rental rate through 'Demand Approach' which analyzed Seoul Metropolitan area's rental warehouse status and rents, and also defined a size of potential demand area and rental. And this report compared the result with an outcome of 'Factors Comparison' then compared each methods and drew a conclusion of 'Factors Comparion's better convenience and efficiency.

This paper presents system of physical distribution module, and classification of logistics equipments. This study also introduces equipment standards of logistics facilities, and environmental rules for distribution center. Moreover, this paper shows safety standard and marking for logistics equipments and tools.

최적의 효율적이고 경쟁력 있는 물류시설을 조성하기 위해 수요업체(화주)를 대상으로 입지, 임대면적, 임대조건, 임대가격, 건물의 배치, 건물의 구조, 교통처리계획, 부대시설 등에 관한 다양한 의견을 사전에 수렴, 물류시설 건립에 반영할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 조사를 위한 시간과 비용이 과대하게 발생하는데 이러한 비효율적인 조사를 보다 효율적으로 정리하고 더 나아가 투자자의 신속하고 정확한 의사결정을 지원하기 위해서 간단하게 몇 가지의 요소만으로 사전에 진단하고 정확한 의사결정을 할 수 있는 도구의 필요성이 대두된다. 즉, 기존에는 상기에서 언급한 '수요자 접근법'을 이용하여 진행하여 왔는데, 거점적인 측면과 시설적인 측면의 요소를 반영한 새로운 "요인비교법"을 도출하였다.

음식물류 폐기물은 2005년부터 분리배출 되고 있으며, 퇴비화, 사료화 등을 비롯하여 다양하게 자원화가 이루어지고 있다. 2015년 기준 생활 폐기물 중 음식물류 폐기물의 재활용률은 13,690톤/일로 전체 생활폐기물 대비 96.6%를 기록하였다. 이 중 49%가 사료화, 29%가 퇴비화, 7.3%가 바이오가스화, 14.7% 기타방법으로 처리되고 있는 실정이다. 정부의 음식물류 폐기물 자원화 정책에도 불구하고 음식물류 폐기물 자원화 업체의 제품 품질 문제, 퇴비의 미부숙 문제 등 자원화 업체에 대한 관리 감독 미흡, 자원화 시설 및 중간처리 등의 문제로 음식물류 폐기물의 자원화가 건전하게 이루어지지 않고 있는 실정이다. 또한 음식물류 폐기물 자원화 산물의 유통체계 미흡 및 부정적 인식으로 자원화 제품의 유통이 원활히 이루어지지 않는 문제점이 대두되었다. 음식물류 폐기물의 처리 실태 파악을 위하여 퇴비화, 사료화, 바이오가스화 등의 음식물류 폐기물 자원화 업체를 대상으로 방문 및 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 현재 음식물류 폐기물의 처리 실태를 파악하였다. 음식물류 폐기물 자원화 적격업체 심사 기준으로 음식물류 폐기물 자원화 업체를 관리 감독하고 있지만, 미부숙 퇴비 유통, 자원화 제품의 이물질 과다 포함 등의 문제로 자원화 제품 이용에 부정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 음식물류 폐기물 자원화 건전성 확보를 위하여 본 연구에서는 음식물류 폐기물 자원화 업체에 대한 관리감독 개선 방안과 음식물류 폐기물 처리 선진화, 자원화 제품의 부정적 인식 등의 개선방안을 마련하였다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze continuous operation of food waste resources at Dongdaemun Environmental Resources Center and to improve the overall operation of the dry anaerobic digester facility. Korean domestic food wastes consist of 18% total solid (TS) content but food waste is difficult to utilize for dry anaerobic digestion. Other operational trouble-shooting resulted from the inherent design, construction and operation of such a biomass generation facility based on 100% utilization of dewatered cake with 35% TS concentration as feedstock, causing the accumulation of unwanted solid residues. A materials flow analysis obtained from actual operation of the anaerobic digestion facility revealed that the organic material loading rate (OLR) and its residence time were 8.3 kg-VS/m3·day and 18.3 days, which adversely affected stable operation. The OLR was occasionally > 15,000 mg/L organic acid concentration and the facility shut down. Such anomalies drastically reduced biogas production and increased organic matter loading in the wastewater, which exceeded the legally allowed concentration limit. Operation of this facility has been normalized to the targeted facility capacity of 98 m3/day based on the results of this study.

This study analyzed response characteristics of Nitrogen Oxide according to injection location and change of injectionamounts by spraying food waste on the combustion platform and the latter part of the first combustion chambers inincinerators. The analytical results have found to have no major difficulties in keeping more than 850oC, the legal standardof the 2nd combustion chamber according to injection of food waste in all the test subject facilities. For spraying foodwaste in the combustion platform in the first combustion chambers, the removal efficiency of 14.76% was shown as NSRis 2.98. For spraying food waste in the latter part of the first combustion chambers, the removal efficiency of 46.40%was shown as NSR is 0.95. On the other hand, when food waste of 3 tons per hour respectively is sprayed on thecombustion platform and the latter part of the first combustion chambers, the highest removal efficiency of 84.97% wasshown as NSR is 1.02.

This study attempted to find an optimum operation codition for co-incineration of food waste and industrial wastes, focusing on injection position and rate. As the result of analysis, during injection of food waste incineration facilities, atmospheric pollutant standard satisfied all requirement. However when injected into the primary combustion chamber, the dioxin exceeded emission standard. This result has been determined that contaminants generated as processing the more amount (150 ton/day) than the designed capacity (72 ton/day) emitted and exceeded not completely removed from the control facilities.

In this study, life cycle assesment (LCA) was conducted based on a functional unit of 1 ton of food waste recycling from collection and transportation to treatment processes such as feed production, composting, other recycling and incineration for 45 public food waste recycling plants. The Korean life cycle inventory (LCI) data were used for the main input material and energy. For the other input data, which could not be provided by the Korean LCI database, data of other countries were used from the database by Ecoinvent, and the strength of food wastewater for LCI DB was divided low and high concentration. In case of low strength of food wastewater, environmental impacts were suggested incineration, composting and feed production in the order, where collection and transportation were identified as the major influencing factors by contribution analysis and sensitive analysis. Contrary, in case of high strength of food wastewater, environmental impacts were suggested composting, feed production and incineration in the order, where treatment of food wastewater was identified as the major influencing factor. Therefore, discharge volume as well as concentration of food wastewater was found to be important parameter of the LCA.