본 논문에서는 영화에서 인물의 극적인 등장, 등장 인물 간의 관계를 효과적으로 표현하 고자 할 때 주로 사용하는 영화 촬영 기법 ‘아크 트래킹 샷’을 비주얼 노블 게임에 카메라 연출을 설계 및 구현하여 적용하였다. 비주얼 노블은 소설을 읽듯 이야기 진행에 중 점을 둔 게임의 한 장르로 이미지, 사운드 등 시청각적 요소를 첨가하여 이야기의 몰입을 돕는다. 그러나 기존 비주얼 노블의 카메라는 정적이며 움직임이 극히 제한되어 있어 플레이어의 이야기 몰입도를 높이기에는 어려움이 있다. 이를 극복하고자 이야기의 전달이 중요하다는 공통점을 가진 영화의 촬영 기법 아크 트래킹 샷을 3D 게임 엔진에 가상의 카메라 트래킹 레일을 만들고 카메라에 적용하는 과정을 통해 비주얼 노블의 카메라 연출에 적용하였다. 영화 연출 기법을 비주얼 노블 게임콘텐츠에 적용하면서 기존 비주 얼 노블 연출의 단점을 극복하고 역동적인 카메라 움직임은 플레이어에게 몰입을 유지 시키는 작용을 하며 제작자가 전달하고자 하는 감정과 의미를 더욱 효과적으로 전달할 수 있도록 구현하였다.

Retail firms have begun to pursue the marketing strategies, which stimulate consumers’ sensibility and lead people to purchase their products. The visible effects of visual merchandising (VM) arouse consumers’ interest and play an effective role in having busy people efficiently choose products. Apparel retail stores such as SPA use the offline store to be the experiential environment of their branding. Consumers’ sensitivity and response toward various visual merchandising strategies needs to be accessed. The purpose of this study is to identify VM consciousness and VM evaluation attribute factors. Relationship of such variables with other variables were accessed. As consequence variables, product satisfaction and unplanned purchase behavior were included in the study. An empirical survey data was collected from men and women of various ages. Results indicated that VM consciousness and VM evaluation attribute factors were not correlated with consumer demographic variables. VM evaluation attributes were factored into appropriateness, attractiveness and functionality dimensions. Clothing involvement and brand orientation significantly influenced product satisfaction and unplanned purchase. The direct and indirect effect (via VM consciousness) were significant. For unplanned purchase, brand orientation only had indirect effect. The influence of VM evaluation attribute factors were significant. Appropriateness had stronger effect on product satisfaction whereas attractiveness had stronger effect on unplanned behavior. Functionality dimension had only indirect effect on product satisfaction but did not show significant direct and indirect effects on unplanned purchase. This study identified the pivotal role of VM consciousness in various shopping and purchasing circumstances in offline retail store of apparel brands.

이 연구는 머시니마가 게임 속에서 영상미디어로써의 확장을 뛰어넘어 프리비주얼라이제이션 기능을 수행함으로써 안전한 게임개발에 큰 역할을 할 수 있다는 배경에서 출발하였다. 영상미디어는 제작과정에 스토리보드등의 2D 정보를 3D정보인 프리비주얼라이제이션이라는 과정으로 발전시켰고, 스토리와 영상미에 대한 디테일한 모니터링으로 시행착오를 줄임으로써 좀 더 완성도 높은 결과물을 만드는 것과는 달리 게임은 제작 중에 텍스트와 이미지로 존재하는 게임컨텐츠에 대한 영상적 구현이 불가능 하므로, 게임이 거의 완성된 후에 클로즈베타 및 오픈베타등의 테스트과정을 통해 모니터링 할 수밖에 없다. 이러한 시행착오는 제작비용의 부담과 게임의 흥행 실패라는 위험성을 내포하게 된다. 그러므로 게임도 개발완료 전에 게임의 컨텐츠를 영상으로 표현 할 수 있는 머시니마로 게임 프리비주얼라이제이션를 제작하여 시행착오를 줄이는 것에 대한 연구와 논의가 필요하다.

To survive head-to-head competition, we should keep our labor productivities above those of other nations. However, our labor productivities are low compared to those of the developed countries. It is the well-known fact that we make up for the productivi

In the traditional music education, functionality such as instrumental skill is very important. Some of traditional music education schemes focus on the fun, melody and rhythm. In this paper, we presents the music educational methodology that integrates music education with story-telling skill and fun of computer game. We focus on the human computer interface issues for learner's comfortableness. We review music and rhythm based game, and analyze them on the basis of user’s actual feeling, sound effect, visual effect, fun of the game. In our scheme, we present music composition and replay interface. Given a story with visual effects, learner will express his/her feelings for the story in the form of musical melody. We design the composition and replay interface using visual effects and sound effects using built-in sound fonts. It is realized that story makes learner focused more on the theme of music than instrumental skills.

본 연구는 2019년 영화진흥위원에서 발표한 국내 영화산업에서 BIG 5(롯데컬처웍스, 씨제이이앤엠㈜, ㈜넥스트엔터테인먼 트월드(NEW), ㈜쇼박스, 메가박스중앙㈜플러스엠)로 불리는 국내 영화제작 및 투자배급사의 리더 필름 영상에 관한 연구로, 국내 5대 영화배급사의 리더 필름 영상을 선행연구를 바탕으로 영상의 비주얼메타포의 적합성, 비주얼메타포의 이해도, 영상의 호감도, 영상의 브랜드 인지도, 영상의 주목효과로 구분하였고 이에 대한 비주얼 메타포 효과를 검증하였다. 분석결과 회사별 리더 필름 영상의 은유적 표현의 적합성은 리더 필름 영상별 차이를 발견할 수 없었지만, 영상의 이해도, 영상의 호감도, 브랜드 인지도, 영상의 주목도에서는 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 영상의 이해도는 메가박스중앙㈜플 러스엠과 씨제이이앤엠㈜이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 영상의 호감도와 브랜드 인지도에서는 NEW와 롯데컬처웍스 순으로 높게 나타났다. 그리고 영상의 주목도에서는 씨제이이앤엠㈜와 NEW순으로 높게 나타났다. 최종적으로 ㈜넥스트엔터테인 먼트월드(NEW)의 리더 필름 영상이 비주얼메타포의 표현효과가 가장 높았으며, 메가박스중앙㈜플러스엠의 리더 필름 영상이 비주얼메타포의 표현효과가 가장 낮은 결과를 보였다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로 효과적인 리더 필름 영상제작을 논의하고 영상디자인의 실무적 시사점을 제안하였다.

Recently, smart factories have attracted much attention as a result of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Existing factory automation technologies are generally designed for simple repetition without using vision sensors. Even small object assemblies are still dependent on manual work. To satisfy the needs for replacing the existing system with new technology such as bin picking and visual servoing, precision and real-time application should be core. Therefore in our work we focused on the core elements by using deep learning algorithm to detect and classify the target object for real-time and analyzing the object features. We chose YOLO CNN which is capable of real-time working and combining the two tasks as mentioned above though there are lots of good deep learning algorithms such as Mask R-CNN and Fast R-CNN. Then through the line and inside features extracted from target object, we can obtain final outline and estimate object posture.

Purpose - The purpose of the study was to investigate operation system of current convenience store and competing retail store and to find out development of unattended convenience store. Operators can save labor cost and solve labor seeking when opening shop under suitable environment and commerce area, and assure of employee’s safety. Customers are allowed to select commodity comfortably without disclosure of face and to shorten standby time at simple store opening, buying and paying and to produce convenient living environment by financing, delivery and goods control. This study examined effect and problems of operation of existing and unattended convenience store from point of view of visual merchandising to find out model of unattended convenience store and to strengthen competitiveness of convenience store business. Research design, data, and methodology - Research procedure of accomplishment of goal of the study was: The study investigated state of distribution business, and role and definition of VMD. First, VMD played an important role of promotion and competitiveness of unattended convenience stores. Second, the author investigated research and cases of unattended convenience stores 14 months, that is to say, from August 15, 2017 to October 15, 2018. Third, the author investigated on-the-spot three of common convenience stores, three of unattended convenience stores and three of retailers one month, that is to say, June 1, 2018 to July 1, 2018. The subject was convenience stores and retailers selling similar type of products at Seoul and metropolitan area. Results - Layout, selling place, brand identity, goods assortment, authentication system, product information cognition and control, buying and payment system, security system, salesmen, promotion and other services should be improved from point of view of merchandising. Structure, furniture, lighting, voice, façade, VP, PP, IP and POP should be developed. Conclusions - Unattended convenience stores saved operating cost and lessened labor and gave visitors convenience and comfortable shopping and made use of resources effectively. Further studies with quantitative analysis shall find out strategic conditions for promotion of unattended convenience stores.

비주얼 노블은 여러 멀티미디어적 요소를 결합한 연출과 게임성이 돋보이는 수행성을 살리고 하이 퍼텍스트 구조를 살린 서사를 도입하면서 플레이어인 독자에게 텍스트 읽기의 즐거움을 다양한 방면으로 전하는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 본 분석은 게임성과 서사성을 함께 추구하려고 한 비주얼 노블 컨텐츠가 멀티 시나리오를 구축하는데 있어 어떤 경향으로 제작해 왔는지 수행성이 서사에 담긴 시나리오와, 캐릭터별로 멀티 시타리오를 구축한 두 가지 유형으로 나누어 분석한다. 비주얼 노블은 서사와 게임성을 추구하는 컨텐츠로, 입체적 서사구성에 방점을 두고 있으며 이러한 멀티 시나리오의 구조를 알아가는 것은 앞으로의 컨텐츠 창작에 있어 실제적인 도움이 될 것이라 기대한다.

As computer vision algorithms are developed on a continuous basis, the visual information from vision sensors has been widely used in the context of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), called visual SLAM, which utilizes relative motion information between images. This research addresses a visual SLAM framework for online localization and mapping in an unstructured seabed environment that can be applied to a low-cost unmanned underwater vehicle equipped with a single monocular camera as a major measurement sensor. Typically, an image motion model with a predefined dimensionality can be corrupted by errors due to the violation of the model assumptions, which may lead to performance degradation of the visual SLAM estimation. To deal with the erroneous image motion model, this study employs a local bundle optimization (LBO) scheme when a closed loop is detected. The results of comparison between visual SLAM estimation with LBO and the other case are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

포스터 디자인은 수용자에 대한 설득 이미지가 중요하다. 특히 주제에 대한 메시지를 효과적으로 전달하기 위한 수단으로서 이미지표현은 포스터의 소통을 좌우한다. 현대의 복잡하고 다양한 미디어의 혼란 속에서 희미한 시각 소구는 주목 유도에 실패할 수밖에 없다. 더구나 소셜 이슈를 주제로 하여 계몽을 목적으로 한 에코 포스터디자인은 더욱 그렇다. 본 논문은 에코 포스터 디자인의 비주얼 임팩트에 관한 연구이다. 에코 포스터에서 이미지의 효과적 표현을 위해 비주얼 임팩트가 하나의 방안이 될 수 있음을 제안하고자 하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 연구 내용은 해외 저명 포스터 컴페티션에서 수상한 우수 에코포스터를 대상으로 비주얼 임팩트의 요인별 사례 분석, 다양한 아이디어 접근 방식, 표현 형식 그리고 내용을 논의하였다. 결론적으로 에코 포스터디자인에서의 비주얼 임팩트는 공감유발과 차별화가 필수적이다. 그러나 중요한 것은 반응이 아니라 공감을 위한 충격 이어야한다. 본 연구로 비주얼 임팩트가 에코포스터 제작에 유용한 방법론의 하나가 되기를 기대한다.

Visual odometry is a popular approach to estimating robot motion using a monocular or stereo camera. This paper proposes a novel visual odometry scheme using a stereo camera for robust estimation of a 6 DOF motion in the dynamic environment. The false results of feature matching and the uncertainty of depth information provided by the camera can generate the outliers which deteriorate the estimation. The outliers are removed by analyzing the magnitude histogram of the motion vector of the corresponding features and the RANSAC algorithm. The features extracted from a dynamic object such as a human also makes the motion estimation inaccurate. To eliminate the effect of a dynamic object, several candidates of dynamic objects are generated by clustering the 3D position of features and each candidate is checked based on the standard deviation of features on whether it is a real dynamic object or not. The accuracy and practicality of the proposed scheme are verified by several experiments and comparisons with both IMU and wheel-based odometry. It is shown that the proposed scheme works well when wheel slip occurs or dynamic objects exist.

We propose a navigation algorithm using image-based visual servoing utilizing a fixed camera. We define the mobile robot navigation problem as an unconstrained optimization problem to minimize the image error between the goal position and the position of a mobile robot. The residual function which is the image error between the position of a mobile robot and the goal position is generally large for this navigation problem. So, this navigation problem can be considered as the nonlinear least squares problem for the large residual case. For large residual, we propose a method to find the second-order term using the secant approximation method. The performance was evaluated using the simulation.

This paper introduces a position-based robust visual servoing method which is developed for operation of a human-like robot with two arms. The proposed visual servoing method utilizes SIFT algorithm for object detection and CAMSHIFT algorithm for object tracking. While the conventional CAMSHIFT has been used mainly for object tracking in a 2D image plane, we extend its usage for object tracking in 3D space, by combining the results of CAMSHIFT for two image plane of a stereo camera. This approach shows a robust and dependable result. Once the robot's task is defined based on the extracted 3D information, the robot is commanded to carry out the task. We conduct several position-based visual servoing tasks and compare performances under different conditions. The results show that the proposed visual tracking algorithm is simple but very effective for position-based visual servoing.

The problem of establishing the servo system to reach the desired location keeping all features in the field of view and following a straight line is considered. In addition, robustness of camera calibration parameters is considered in this paper. The proposed approach is based on switching from position-based visual servoing (PBVS) to image-based visual servoing (IBVS) and allows the camera path to follow a straight line. To achieve the objective, a pose estimation method is required; the camera's target pose is estimated from the obtained images without the knowledge of the object. A switched control law moves the camera equipped to a robot end-effector near the desired location following a straight line in Cartesian space and then positions it to the desired pose with robustness to camera calibration error. Finally simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed visual servoing technique.